Articles | Volume 21, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Jun 2021
Research article |
| 16 Jun 2021
| 16 Jun 2021
Local evaporation controlled by regional atmospheric circulation in the Altiplano of the Atacama Desert
Felipe Lobos-Roco
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Invited contribution by Felipe Lobos-Roco, recipient of the EGU Atmospheric Sciences Outstanding Student Poster and PICO Award 2019.
Oscar Hartogensis
Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Alberto de la Fuente
Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Ricardo Muñoz
Department of Geophysics, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
José Rutllant
Department of Geophysics, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, La Serena, Chile
Francisco Suárez
Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Santiago, Chile
Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes (CEGA), Santiago, Chile
Related authors
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Camilo del Río
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 109–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Water resources are fundamental for the social, economic, and natural development of (semi-)arid regions. Precipitation decreases due to climate change obligate us to find new water resources. Fog harvesting (FH) emerges as a complementary resource in regions where it is abundant but untapped. This research proposes a model to estimate FH potential in coastal (semi-)arid regions. This model could have broader applicability worldwide in regions where FH could be a viable water source.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Francisco Suárez, Ariadna Huerta-Viso, Imme Benedict, Alberto de la Fuente, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3709–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research brings a multi-scale temporal analysis of evaporation in a saline lake of the Atacama Desert. Our findings reveal that evaporation is controlled differently depending on the timescale. Evaporation is controlled sub-diurnally by wind speed, regulated seasonally by radiation and modulated interannually by ENSO. Our research extends our understanding of evaporation, contributing to improving the climate change assessment and efficiency of water management in arid regions.
Mary Rose Mangan, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Bart J. H. van Stratum, Marie Lothon, Guylaine Canut-Rocafort, and Oscar K. Hartogensis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8959–8981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8959-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8959-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using observations and high-resolution turbulence modeling, we examine the influence of irrigation-driven surface heterogeneity on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). We use a multi-scale approach for characterizing surface heterogeneity to explore how its influence on the ABL within a grid cell would change with higher-resolution models. We find that the height of the ABL is variable across short distances and that the surface heterogeneity is felt least strongly in the middle of the ABL.
Dieu Anh Tran, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Christoph Gerbig, Michał Gałkowski, Santiago Botía, Kim Faassen, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2351, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2351, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of CH4 data (2010–2021) from ZOTTO in Central Siberia shows an increase in the summer diurnal amplitude, driven by nighttime emissions. These trends correlate with rising soil temperature and moisture, especially in late summer. Peaks in 2012, 2016, and 2019 emission link to wildfires and wetland activity. Findings suggest wetlands as key CH4 sources and underscore the need for ongoing high-resolution monitoring in this region.
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Fredrik Jansson, Bart J. H. van Stratum, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Sander Houweling
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4571–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new simulation platform based on the Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES) to simulate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their dispersion in turbulent environments at a hectometer resolution. This model incorporates both anthropogenic emission inventories and online ecosystem fluxes. Simulation results for the main urban area in the Netherlands demonstrate the strong potential of DALES to improve CO2 emission modeling and to support mitigation strategies.
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Roderick Dewar, Kim A. P. Faassen, Teemu Hölttä, Remco de Kok, Ingrid T. Luijkx, and Timo Vesala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2705, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how oxygen moves through tiny pores in leaves, especially when water vapor is also flowing out. We show that under common conditions, oxygen can move from the leaf to the air even when its concentration is higher outside – a surprising effect. Our findings help explain oxygen exchange in still air and support better models of plant–atmosphere interactions.
Marc Castellnou Ribau, Mercedes Bachfischer, Marta Miralles Bover, Borja Ruiz, Laia Estivill, Jordi Pages, Pau Guarque, Brian Verhoeven, Zisoula Ntasiou, Ove Stokkeland, Chiel Van Herwaeeden, Tristan Roelofs, Martin Janssens, Cathelijne Stoof, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1923, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1923, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Firefighter entrapments can occur when wildfires escalate suddenly due to fire-atmosphere interactions. This study presents a method to analyze this in real-time using two weather balloon measurements: ambient and in-plume conditions. Researchers launched 156 balloons during wildfire seasons in Spain, Chile, Greece, and the Netherlands. This methodology detects sudden changes in fire behavior by comparing ambient and in-plume data, ultimately enhancing research on fire-atmosphere interactions.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1128, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1128, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial microwave links (CMLs), part of mobile phone networks, transmit comparable signals as instruments specially designed to estimate evaporation. Therefore, we investigate if CMLs could be used to estimate evaporation, even though they have not been designed for this purpose. Our results illustrate the potential of using CMLs to estimate evaporation, especially given their global coverage, but also outline some major drawbacks, often a consequence of unfavourable design choices for CMLs.
Sreehari Kizhuveettil, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Luiz A. T. Machado, Martin Zöger, and Wiebke Frey
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1637, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aircraft measurements are used to investigate high-altitude downdrafts in tropical deep convective clouds. The cloud water present in the downdrafts and its intensity do not show any correlation. Surprisingly, downdrafts occurred in supersaturated regions, contradicting the classical view of subsaturated downdrafts. Up- and downdrafts of similar strength show similar particle size distributions. These findings shed new light on the interplay between deep convection dynamics and microphysics.
Robbert Petrus Johannes Moonen, Getachew Agmuas Adnew, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Oscar Karel Hartogensis, David Joan Bonell Fontas, Shujiro Komiya, Sam P. Jones, and Thomas Röckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understory ejections are distinct turbulent features emerging in prime tall forest ecosystems. We share a method to isolate understory ejections based on H2O-CO2 anomalie quadrants. From these, we calculate the flux contributions of understory ejections and all flux quadrants. In addition we show that a distinctly depleted isotopic composition can be found in the ejected water vapour. Finally, we explored the role of clouds as a potential trigger for understory ejections.
Leon Geers, Ruud Janssen, Gudrun Thorkelsdottir, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Martijn Schaap
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-426, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-426, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution data on reactive nitrogen deposition are needed to inform cost-effective policies. Here, we describe the implementation of a dry deposition module into a large eddy simulation code. With this model, we are able to represent the turbulent exchange of tracers at the hectometer resolution. The model calculates the dispersion and deposition of NOx and NH3 in great spatial detail, clearly showing the influence of local land use patterns.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Camilo del Río
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 109–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Water resources are fundamental for the social, economic, and natural development of (semi-)arid regions. Precipitation decreases due to climate change obligate us to find new water resources. Fog harvesting (FH) emerges as a complementary resource in regions where it is abundant but untapped. This research proposes a model to estimate FH potential in coastal (semi-)arid regions. This model could have broader applicability worldwide in regions where FH could be a viable water source.
Luuk D. van der Valk, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Rolf W. Hut, Bas Walraven, and Remko Uijlenhoet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2974, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2974, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Commercial microwave links (CMLs), part of mobile phone networks, transmit comparable signals as instruments specially designed to estimate evaporation. Therefore, we investigate if CMLs could be used to estimate evaporation, even though they have not been designed for this purpose. Our results illustrate the potential of using CMLs to estimate evaporation, especially given their global coverage, but also outline some major drawbacks, often a consequence of unfavourable design choices for CMLs.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Raquel González-Armas, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Ivan Mammarella, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Biogeosciences, 21, 3015–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ratio between atmospheric O2 and CO2 can be used to characterize the carbon balance at the surface. By combining a model and observations from the Hyytiälä forest (Finland), we show that using atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements from a single height provides a weak constraint on the surface CO2 exchange because large-scale processes such as entrainment confound this signal. We therefore recommend always using multiple heights of O2 and CO2 measurements to study surface CO2 exchange.
Raquel González-Armas, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Mary Rose Mangan, Oscar Hartogensis, and Hugo de Boer
Biogeosciences, 21, 2425–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the water and CO2 exchange for an alfalfa field with observations and a model with spatial scales ranging from the stomata to the atmospheric boundary layer. To relate the environmental factors to the leaf gas exchange, we developed three equations that quantify how many of the temporal changes of the leaf gas exchange occur due to changes in the environmental variables. The novelty of the research resides in the capacity to dissect the dynamics of the leaf gas exchange.
Ruben B. Schulte, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Susanna Rutledge-Jonker, Shelley van der Graaf, Jun Zhang, and Margreet C. van Zanten
Biogeosciences, 21, 557–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed measurements with the aim of finding relations between the surface atmosphere exchange of NH3 and the CO2 uptake and transpiration by vegetation. We found a high correlation of daytime NH3 emissions with both latent heat flux and photosynthetically active radiation. Very few simultaneous measurements of NH3, CO2 fluxes and meteorological variables exist at sub-diurnal timescales. This study paves the way to finding more robust relations between the NH3 exchange flux and CO2 uptake.
Robbert P. J. Moonen, Getachew A. Adnew, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, David J. Bonell Fontas, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5787–5810, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isotope fluxes allow for net ecosystem gas exchange fluxes to be partitioned into sub-components like plant assimilation, respiration and transpiration, which can help us better understand the environmental drivers of each partial flux. We share the results of a field campaign isotope fluxes were derived using a combination of laser spectroscopy and eddy covariance. We found lag times and high frequency signal loss in the isotope fluxes we derived and present methods to correct for both.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Linh N. T. Nguyen, Eadin R. Broekema, Bert A. M. Kers, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Penelope A. Pickers, Andrew C. Manning, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Harro A. J. Meijer, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 851–876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange ratio (ER) between atmospheric O2 and CO2 provides a useful tracer for separately estimating photosynthesis and respiration processes in the forest carbon balance. This is highly relevant to better understand the expected biosphere sink, which determines future atmospheric CO2 levels. We therefore measured O2, CO2, and their ER above a boreal forest in Finland and investigated their diurnal behaviour for a representative day, and we show the most suitable way to determine the ER.
Micael Amore Cecchini, Marco de Bruine, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Paulo Artaxo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11867–11888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11867-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11867-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shallow clouds (vertical extent up to 3 km height) are ubiquitous throughout the Amazon and are responsible for redistributing the solar heat and moisture vertically and horizontally. They are a key component of the water cycle because they can grow past the shallow phase to contribute significantly to the precipitation formation. However, they need favourable environmental conditions to grow. In this study, we analyse how changing wind patterns affect the development of such shallow clouds.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Francisco Suárez, Ariadna Huerta-Viso, Imme Benedict, Alberto de la Fuente, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3709–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research brings a multi-scale temporal analysis of evaporation in a saline lake of the Atacama Desert. Our findings reveal that evaporation is controlled differently depending on the timescale. Evaporation is controlled sub-diurnally by wind speed, regulated seasonally by radiation and modulated interannually by ENSO. Our research extends our understanding of evaporation, contributing to improving the climate change assessment and efficiency of water management in arid regions.
Ruben B. Schulte, Margreet C. van Zanten, Bart J. H. van Stratum, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8241–8257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fine-scale simulation framework, utilizing large-eddy simulations, to assess NH3 measurements influenced by boundary-layer dynamics and turbulent dispersion of a nearby emission source. The minimum required distance from an emission source differs for concentration and flux measurements, from 0.5–3.0 km and 0.75–4.5 km, respectively. The simulation framework presented here proves to be a powerful and versatile tool for future NH3 research at high spatio-temporal resolutions.
Carlos Román-Cascón, Marie Lothon, Fabienne Lohou, Oscar Hartogensis, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Pino, Carlos Yagüe, and Eric R. Pardyjak
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3939–3967, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3939-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3939-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The type of vegetation (or land cover) and its status influence the heat and water transfers between the surface and the air, affecting the processes that develop in the atmosphere at different (but connected) spatiotemporal scales. In this work, we investigate how these transfers are affected by the way the surface is represented in a widely used weather model. The results encourage including realistic high-resolution and updated land cover databases in models to improve their predictions.
Robin Stoffer, Caspar M. van Leeuwen, Damian Podareanu, Valeriu Codreanu, Menno A. Veerman, Martin Janssens, Oscar K. Hartogensis, and Chiel C. van Heerwaarden
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3769–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3769-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3769-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulent flows are often simulated with the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique, which requires subgrid models to account for the smallest scales. Current subgrid models often require strong simplifying assumptions. We therefore developed a subgrid model based on artificial neural networks, which requires fewer assumptions. Our data-driven SGS model showed high potential in accurately representing the smallest scales but still introduced instability when incorporated into an actual LES.
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Patrizia Ney, Oscar Hartogensis, Hugo de Boer, Kevin van Diepen, Dzhaner Emin, Geiske de Groot, Anne Klosterhalfen, Matthias Langensiepen, Maria Matveeva, Gabriela Miranda-García, Arnold F. Moene, Uwe Rascher, Thomas Röckmann, Getachew Adnew, Nicolas Brüggemann, Youri Rothfuss, and Alexander Graf
Biogeosciences, 17, 4375–4404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4375-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4375-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The CloudRoots field experiment has obtained an open comprehensive observational data set that includes soil, plant, and atmospheric variables to investigate the interactions between a heterogeneous land surface and its overlying atmospheric boundary layer, including the rapid perturbations of clouds in evapotranspiration. Our findings demonstrate that in order to understand and represent diurnal variability, we need to measure and model processes from the leaf to the landscape scales.
Cited articles
Batchvarova, E. and Gryning, S. E.: Wind climatology, atmospheric turbulence and internal boundary-layer development in Athens during the MEDCAPHOT-TRACE experiment, Atmos. Environ., 32, 2055–2069, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00422-6, 1998. a, b
de la Fuente, A.: Heat and dissolved oxygen exchanges between the sediment and water column in a shallow salty lagoon, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 119, 1129–1146, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002569, 2014. a
de la Fuente, A. and Meruane, C.: Spectral model for long-term computation of thermodynamics and potential evaporation in shallow wetlands, Water Resour. Res., 53, 7696–7715, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020515, 2017. a, b, c, d
Eder, F., De Roo, F., Kohnert, K., Desjardins, R. L., Schmid, H. P., and Mauder, M.: Evaluation of Two Energy Balance Closure Parametrizations, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 151, 195–219, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-013-9904-0, 2014. a, b, c
Ek, M. B., Mitchell, K. E., Lin, Y., Rogers, E., Grunmann, P., Koren, V., Gayno, G., and Tarpley, J. D.: Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd003296, 2003. a
Falvey, M. and Garreaud, R. D.: Moisture variability over the South American Altiplano during the South American low level jet experiment (SALLJEX) observing season, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006152, 2005. a, b, c
Foken, T.: Eddy Flux Measurements the Energy Balance Closure Problem: an Overview, Ecol. Appl., 18, 1351–1367, https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0922.1, 2008. a
Fratini, G. and Mauder, M.: Towards a consistent eddy-covariance processing: an intercomparison of EddyPro and TK3, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2273–2281, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2273-2014, 2014. a
Garratt, J. R.: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90026-4, 1992. a
Hong, S. Y., Noh, Y., and Dudhia, J.: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2318–2341, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3199.1, 2006. a
Iacono, M. J., Delamere, J. S., Mlawer, E. J., Shephard, M. W., Clough, S. A., and Collins, W. D.: Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, 2–9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009944, 2008. a
Janjić, Z. I.: The surface layer in the NCEP ETA model, in: Eleventh
Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, American Meteorological Society,
19–23, 1996. a
Jiménez, P. A., de Arellano, J. V. G., Dudhia, J., and Bosveld, F. C.: Role of synoptic- and meso-scales on the evolution of the boundary-layer wind profile over a coastal region: the near-coast diurnal acceleration, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 128, 39–56, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-015-0400-6, 2016. a
Johnson, E., Yáñez, J., Ortiz, C., and Muñoz, J.: Evaporation d'eaux souterraines peu profoundes dans des bassins endoreiques de I'Altiplano Chilien, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 55, 624–635, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626661003780458, 2010. a
Kain, J. S. and Fritsch, J. M.: Convective Parameterization for Mesoscale
Models: The Kain-Fritsch Scheme, in: The Representation of Cumulus Convection
in Numerical Models, 165–170, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-13-3_16,
1993. a
Kampf, S. K., Tyler, S. W., Ortiz, C. A., Muñoz, J. F., and Adkins, P. L.: Evaporation and land surface energy budget at the Salar de Atacama, Northern Chile, J. Hydrol., 310, 236–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.01.005, 2005. a, b
Kimball, B. and Jackson, R.: Soil heat flux determination: a null-alignment method, Agr. Meteorol., 15, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-1571(75)90014-X, 1975. a
Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., and Hassiotis, A. D.: An upper gravity-wave absorbing layer for NWP applications, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 3987–4004, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008MWR2596.1, 2008. a
Lictevout, E., Maass, C., Córdoba, D., Herrera, V., and Payano, R.:
Recursos Hídricos de la Región de Tarapacá –
diagnóstico y sistematización de la información, https://doi.org/10.29104/phi-aqualac/2013-v5-2-07, 2013. a
Lobos Roco, F., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., and Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X.: Characterizing the influence of the marine stratocumulus cloud on the land fog at the Atacama Desert, Atmos. Res., 214, 109–120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.07.009, 2018. a
Lobos-Roco, F., Hartogensis, O., Vila, J., de la Fuente, A., and Suarez, F.: Dataset of Local evaporation controlled by regional atmospheric circulation in the Altiplano of the Atacama Desert, Mendeley Data, V2 [data set], available at: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/c5s6zk2rmz/2, last access: 21 July 2020. a
Ma, H. Y., Klein, S. A., Xie, S., Zhang, C., Tang, S., Tang, Q., Morcrette, C. J., Van Weverberg, K., Petch, J., Ahlgrimm, M., Berg, L. K., Cheruy, F., Cole, J., Forbes, R., Gustafson, W. I., Huang, M., Liu, Y., Merryfield, W., Qian, Y., Roehrig, R., and Wang, Y. C.: CAUSES: On the Role of Surface Energy Budget Errors to the Warm Surface Air Temperature Error Over the Central United States, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 2888–2909, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027194, 2018. a
Massman, W.: A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 104, 185–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00164-7, 2000. a
Mauder, M. and Foken, T.: Documentation and instruction manual of the eddy
covariance software package TK2 Arbeitsergebn, University of Bayreuth,
Abt. Mikrometeorolgy, available at: https://epub.uni-bayreuth.de/2130/1/ARBERG062.pdf (last access: March 2020), 26, 42,
2004. a
Mauder, M., Oncley, S. P., Vogt, R., Weidinger, T., Ribeiro, L., Bernhofer, C., Foken, T., Kohsiek, W., De Bruin, H. A. R., and Liu, H.: The energy balance experiment EBEX-2000. Part II: Intercomparison of eddy-covariance sensors and post-field data processing methods, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 123, 29–54, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-006-9139-4, 2007. a
McNaughton, K. G.: Evaporation and advection II: evaporation downwind of a boundary separating regions having different surface resistances and available energies, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 193–202, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710243116, 1976. a, b
Minvielle, M. and Garreaud, R. D.: Projecting rainfall changes over the South American Altiplano, J. Climate, 24, 4577–4583, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00051.1, 2011. a
Moene, A. F. and Van Dam, J. C.: Transport in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil continuum, Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139043137, 2014. a, b, c
Monteith, J. L.: Evaporation and environment, Sym. Soc. Exp. Biol., 19, 205–234, 1965. a
Muñoz, R. C., Zamora, R. A., and Rutllant, J. A.: The coastal boundary layer at the eastern margin of the southeast Pacific (23.4∘ S, 70.4∘ W): cloudiness-conditioned climatology, J. Climate, 24, 1013–1033, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3714.1, 2011. a
Muñoz, R. C., Falvey, M. J., Arancibia, M., Astudillo, V. I., Elgueta, J., Ibarra, M., Santana, C., and Vásquez, C.: Wind energy exploration over the atacama desert: A numerical model-guided observational program, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 2079–2092, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0019.1, 2018. a, b
Paulson, C. A.: The Mathematical Representation of Wind Speed and Temperature
Profiles in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim.,
9, 857–861,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1970)009<0857:tmrows>2.0.co;2,
1970. a
Penman, H.: Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass, P. Roy. Soc. Lond. A. Mat., 193, 120–145, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1948.0037, 1948. a
Raynor, G. S., Sethuraman, S., and Brown, R. M.: Formation and Characteristics of Coastal Internal Boundary Layers During Onshore Flows, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 16, 487–514, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03335386, 1979. a
Rosen, M. R.: The importance of groundwater in playas: A review of playa
classifications, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE289-p1, 1994. a
Rutllant, J. and Ulriksen, P.: Boundary-layer dynamics of the extremely arid northern part of Chile – The Antofagasta Field Experiment, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 17, 41–55, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121936, 1979. a
Rutllant, J. A., Muñoz, R. C., and Garreaud, R. D.: Meteorological observations on the northern Chilean coast during VOCALS-REx, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3409–3422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3409-2013, 2013. a, b
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Barker, D. M.,
Wang, W., and Powers, J. G.: A description of the Advanced Research WRF
version 3, Tech. rep., 2008. a
Suárez, F., Lobos, F., de la Fuente, A., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Prieto, A., Meruane, C., and Hartogensis, O.: E-DATA: A Comprehensive Field Campaign to Investigate Evaporation Enhanced by Advection in the Hyper-Arid Altiplano, Water, 12, 745, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030745, 2020. a, b, c, d, e
Sullivan, P. P., Moeng, C. H., Stevens, B., Lenschow, D. H., and Mayor, S. D.: Structure of the entrainment zone capping the convective atmospheric boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3042–3064, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3042:SOTEZC>2.0.CO;2, 1998. a
Tanny, J., Cohen, S., Assouline, S., Lange, F., Grava, A., Berger, D., Teltch, B., and Parlange, M. B.: Evaporation from a small water reservoir: Direct measurements and estimates, J. Hydrol., 351, 218–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.012, 2008. a
van Heerwaarden, C. C., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Moene, A., and
Holtslag, A.: Interactions between dry-air entrainment, surface evaporation
and convective boundary-layer development, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 1291, 496,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.431, 2009. a
van Heerwaarden, C. C., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., Gounou, A., Guichard, F., and Couvreux, F.: Understanding the daily cycle of evapotranspiration: A method to quantify the influence of forcings and feedbacks, J. Hydrometeorol., 11, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1272.1, 2010. a
Vickers, D. and Mahrt, L.: Quality Control and Flux Sampling Problems for Tower and Aircraft Data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 14, 512–526, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<0512:QCAFSP>2.0.CO;2, 1997. a
Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., van Heerwaarden, C. C., van Stratum, B. J., and Van Den Dries, K.: Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Integrating Air Chemistry and Land Interactions, Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 9781107090941, 2015. a
Weischet, W.: Las condiciones climáticas del desierto de Atacama como
desierto extremos de la tierra, Revista de Geografia Norte Grande, 1,
1975. a
Whiteman, C. D.: Morning Transition Tracer Experiments in a Deep Narrow Valley, J. Appl. Meteorol., 28, 626–635, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1989)028<0626:MTTEIA>2.0.CO;2, 1989. a
Whiteman, D., Pospichal, B., Eisenbach, S., Weihs, P., Clements, C. B.,
Steinacker, R., Mursch-Radlgruber, E., and Dorninger, M.: Inversion breakup in
small Rocky Mountain and Alpine basins, J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 1069–1082,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1069:IBISRM>2.0.CO;2,
2004. a, b, c, d
Wilczak, J. M., Oncley, S. P., and Stage, S. A.: Sonic Anemometer Tilt Correction Algorithms, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 99, 127–150, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018966204465, 2001. a
Short summary
We investigate the influence of regional atmospheric circulation on the evaporation of a saline lake in the Altiplano region of the Atacama Desert through a field experiment and regional modeling. Our results show that evaporation is controlled by two regimes: (1) in the morning by local conditions with low evaporation rates and low wind speed and (2) in the afternoon with high evaporation rates and high wind speed. Afternoon winds are connected to the regional Pacific Ocean–Andes flow.
We investigate the influence of regional atmospheric circulation on the evaporation of a saline...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint