Articles | Volume 20, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9031-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9031-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air – Part 2: Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air
Laura Röhler
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Martin Schlabach
Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Peter Haglund
Department of Chemistry, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
Knut Breivik
Department of Atmosphere and Climate, NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Roland Kallenborn
Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto
Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Related authors
Laura Röhler, Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pawel Rostkowski, Roland Kallenborn, and Martin Schlabach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1697–1716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1697-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1697-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A novel non-destructive, sulfuric-acid-free clean-up method for high-volume air samples was developed and evaluated with organic chemicals covering a wide range of polarities (logP 2–11). This method, providing quantitative results of comparable quality to traditional methods, was combined with newly developed data treatment strategies for simultaneous suspect and non-target screening. The application to air samples from southern Norway revealed 90 new potential chemicals of emerging concern.
Thais Luarte, Victoria A. Gómez-Aburto, Ignacio Poblete-Castro, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Nicolas Huneeus, Marco Molina-Montenegro, Claudia Egas, Germán Azcune, Andrés Pérez-Parada, Rainier Lohmann, Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto, Jordi Dachs, Susan Bengtson-Nash, Gustavo Chiang, Karla Pozo, and Cristóbal J. Galbán-Malagón
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8103–8118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the last 40 years, different research groups have reported on the atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in Antarctica. In the present work, we make a compilation to understand the historical trends and estimate the atmospheric half-life of each compound. Of the compounds studied, HCB was the only one that showed no clear trend, while the rest of the studied compounds showed a significant decrease over time. This is consistent with results for polar and sub-polar zones.
Stephen M. Platt, Øystein Hov, Torunn Berg, Knut Breivik, Sabine Eckhardt, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Rebecca Fisher, Georg Hansen, Hans-Christen Hansson, Jost Heintzenberg, Ove Hermansen, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Kim Holmén, Stephen Hudson, Roland Kallenborn, Radovan Krejci, Terje Krognes, Steinar Larssen, David Lowry, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Chris Lunder, Euan Nisbet, Pernilla B. Nizzetto, Ki-Tae Park, Christina A. Pedersen, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Thomas Röckmann, Norbert Schmidbauer, Sverre Solberg, Andreas Stohl, Johan Ström, Tove Svendby, Peter Tunved, Kjersti Tørnkvist, Carina van der Veen, Stergios Vratolis, Young Jun Yoon, Karl Espen Yttri, Paul Zieger, Wenche Aas, and Kjetil Tørseth
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3321–3369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3321-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we detail the history of the Zeppelin Observatory, a unique global background site and one of only a few in the high Arctic. We present long-term time series of up to 30 years of atmospheric components and atmospheric transport phenomena. Many of these time series are important to our understanding of Arctic and global atmospheric composition change. Finally, we discuss the future of the Zeppelin Observatory and emerging areas of future research on the Arctic atmosphere.
Laura Röhler, Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pawel Rostkowski, Roland Kallenborn, and Martin Schlabach
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1697–1716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1697-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1697-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A novel non-destructive, sulfuric-acid-free clean-up method for high-volume air samples was developed and evaluated with organic chemicals covering a wide range of polarities (logP 2–11). This method, providing quantitative results of comparable quality to traditional methods, was combined with newly developed data treatment strategies for simultaneous suspect and non-target screening. The application to air samples from southern Norway revealed 90 new potential chemicals of emerging concern.
Tatiana Drotikova, Aasim M. Ali, Anne Karine Halse, Helena C. Reinardy, and Roland Kallenborn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9997–10014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9997-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9997-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are not declining in Arctic air despite reductions in global emissions. We studied PAHs and oxy- and nitro-PAHs in gas and particulate phases of Arctic aerosol, collected in autumn 2018 in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. PAHs were found at comparable levels as at other background Scandinavian and European air sampling stations. Statistical analysis confirmed that a coal-fired power plant and vehicle and marine traffic are the main local contributors of PAHs.
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives
Airborne observations of peroxy radicals during the EMeRGe campaign in Europe
Vertical distribution of sources and sinks of volatile organic compounds within a boreal forest canopy
O3 and PAN in southern Tibetan Plateau determined by distinct physical and chemical processes
Technical note: Isolating methane emissions from animal feeding operations in an interfering location
Measurement report: Atmospheric CH4 at regional stations of the Korea Meteorological Administration–Global Atmosphere Watch Programme: measurement, characteristics, and long-term changes of its drivers
Measurement report: MAX-DOAS measurements characterise Central London ozone pollution episodes during 2022 heatwaves
OH measurements in the coastal atmosphere of South China: possible missing OH sinks in aged air masses
Measurement report: Underestimated reactive organic gases from residential combustion – insights from a near-complete speciation
Measurement report: Hydrogen peroxide in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa during the CAFE-Africa aircraft campaign
A new insight into the vertical differences in NO2 heterogeneous reaction to produce HONO over inland and marginal seas
Chemical identification of new particle formation and growth precursors through positive matrix factorization of ambient ion measurements
Snowpack nitrate photolysis drives the summertime atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) budget in coastal Antarctica
Revealing the sources and sinks of negative cluster ions in an urban environment through quantitative analysis
Measurement report: Inland ship emissions and their contribution to NOx and ultrafine particle concentrations at the Rhine
Variation and Trend of Nitrate radical reactivity towards volatile organic compounds in Beijing, China
Measurement report: Molecular-level investigation of atmospheric cluster ions at the tropical high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes
Observations of biogenic volatile organic compounds over a mixed temperate forest during the summer to autumn transition
Unexpectedly high concentrations of atmospheric mercury species in Lhasa, the largest city in the Tibetan Plateau
A single-point modeling approach for the intercomparison and evaluation of ozone dry deposition across chemical transport models (Activity 2 of AQMEII4)
Real-time measurements of non-methane volatile organic compounds in the central Indo-Gangetic basin, Lucknow, India: source characterisation and their role in O3 and secondary organic aerosol formation
Measurement report: Source apportionment and environmental impacts of VOCs in Lhasa, a highland city in China
Measurement report: Production and loss of atmospheric formaldehyde at a suburban site of Shanghai in summertime
Measurement report: Volatile organic compound characteristics of the different land-use types in Shanghai: spatiotemporal variation, source apportionment and impact on secondary formations of ozone and aerosol
O3–precursor relationship over multiple patterns of timescale: a case study in Zibo, Shandong Province, China
High emission rates and strong temperature response make boreal wetlands a large source of isoprene and terpenes
High potential for CH4 emission mitigation from oil infrastructure in one of EU’s major production regions
Direct observations of NOx emissions over the San Joaquin Valley using airborne flux measurements during RECAP-CA 2021 field campaign
Intra- and inter-annual changes in isoprene emission from central Amazonia
Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019
Pandemic restrictions in 2020 highlight the significance of non-road NOx sources in central London
Measurement report: Emission factors of NH3 and NHx for wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States
Experimental chemical budgets of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals in rural air in western Germany during the JULIAC campaign 2019
Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia
Flaring efficiencies and NOx emission ratios measured for offshore oil and gas facilities in the North Sea
Measurement report: Long-range transport and the fate of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products in the free troposphere derived from observations at the high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes
Trends and seasonal variability of ammonia across major biomes inferred from long-term series of ground-based and satellite measurements
Continuous increase in East Asia HFC-23 emissions inferred from high-frequency atmospheric observations from 2008 to 2019
Formaldehyde and hydroperoxide distribution around the Arabian Peninsula – evaluation of EMAC model results with ship-based measurements
Heterogeneity and chemical reactivity of the remote troposphere defined by aircraft measurements – corrected
Fundamental oxidation processes in the remote marine atmosphere investigated using the NO–NO2–O3 photostationary state
Emission factors and evolution of SO2 measured from biomass burning in wildfires and agricultural fires
The unexpected high frequency of nocturnal surface ozone enhancement events over China: characteristics and mechanisms
Source apportionment of VOCs, IVOCs and SVOCs by positive matrix factorization in suburban Livermore, California
Measurement report: Intra- and interannual variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during 2018–2020 in Zhengzhou, central China
Formation and impacts of nitryl chloride in Pearl River Delta
Multidecadal increases in global tropospheric ozone derived from ozonesonde and surface site observations: can models reproduce ozone trends?
What caused ozone pollution during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown? Insights from ground and satellite observations
Ammonium adduct chemical ionization to investigate anthropogenic oxygenated gas-phase organic compounds in urban air
Atmospheric biogenic volatile organic compounds in the Alaskan Arctic tundra: constraints from measurements at Toolik Field Station
Thais Luarte, Victoria A. Gómez-Aburto, Ignacio Poblete-Castro, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Nicolas Huneeus, Marco Molina-Montenegro, Claudia Egas, Germán Azcune, Andrés Pérez-Parada, Rainier Lohmann, Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto, Jordi Dachs, Susan Bengtson-Nash, Gustavo Chiang, Karla Pozo, and Cristóbal J. Galbán-Malagón
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8103–8118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the last 40 years, different research groups have reported on the atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in Antarctica. In the present work, we make a compilation to understand the historical trends and estimate the atmospheric half-life of each compound. Of the compounds studied, HCB was the only one that showed no clear trend, while the rest of the studied compounds showed a significant decrease over time. This is consistent with results for polar and sub-polar zones.
Midhun George, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, Vladyslav Nenakhov, Yangzhuoran Liu, John Philip Burrows, Birger Bohn, Eric Förster, Florian Obersteiner, Andreas Zahn, Theresa Harlaß, Helmut Ziereis, Hans Schlager, Benjamin Schreiner, Flora Kluge, Katja Bigge, and Klaus Pfeilsticker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7799–7822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7799-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7799-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The applicability of photostationary steady-state (PSS) assumptions to estimate the amount of the sum of peroxy radicals (RO2*) during the EMeRGe airborne observations from the known radical chemistry and onboard measurements of RO2* precursors, photolysis frequencies, and other trace gases such as NOx and O3 was investigated. The comparison of the calculated RO2* with the actual measurements provides an insight into the main processes controlling their concentration in the air masses measured.
Ross Petersen, Thomas Holst, Meelis Mölder, Natascha Kljun, and Janne Rinne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7839–7858, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate variability in the vertical distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in boreal forest, determined through multiyear measurements at several heights in a boreal forest in Sweden. VOC source/sink seasonality in canopy was explored using these vertical profiles and with measurements from a collection of sonic anemometers on the station flux tower. Our results show seasonality in the source/sink distribution for several VOCs, such as monoterpenes and water-soluble compounds.
Wanyun Xu, Yuxuan Bian, Weili Lin, Yingjie Zhang, Yaru Wang, Zhiqiang Ma, Xiaoyi Zhang, Gen Zhang, Chunxiang Ye, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7635–7652, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7635-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7635-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone (O3) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) are both photochemical pollutants harmful to the ecological environment and human health, especially in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the factors determining their variations in the TP have not been comprehensively investigated. Results from field measurements and observation-based models revealed that day-to-day variations in O3 and PAN were in fact controlled by distinct physiochemical processes.
Megan E. McCabe, Ilana B. Pollack, Emily V. Fischer, Kathryn M. Steinmann, and Dana R. Caulton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7479–7494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7479-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7479-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Agriculture emissions, including those from beef and dairy cattle feeding operations, make up a large portion of the United States’ total greenhouse gas emissions, but many of these operations reside in areas where methane from oil and natural gas is prevalent, making it difficult to attribute methane in these areas. This work investigates two approaches to emission attribution for cattle feeding operations and provides guidance for emission attribution in other complicated regions.
Haeyoung Lee, Wonick Seo, Shanlan Li, Soojeong Lee, Samuel Takele Kenea, and Sangwon Joo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7141–7159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7141-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We introduced three Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) monitoring stations with monitoring systems and measurement uncertainty. We also analyzed the regional characteristics of CH4 at each KMA station. CH4 levels measured at KMA stations are compared to those measured at other Asian stations. From the long-term records of CH4 and δ13CH4 at AMY, we confirmed that the source of CH4xs changed from the past (2006 to 2010) to recent (2016 to 2020) years in East Asia.
Robert G. Ryan, Eloise A. Marais, Eleanor Gershenson-Smith, Robbie Ramsay, Jan-Peter Muller, Jan-Lukas Tirpitz, and Udo Frieß
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7121–7139, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7121-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7121-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the first data retrieval from a newly installed instrument providing measurements of vertical profiles of air pollution over Central London during heatwaves in summer 2022. We use these observations with surface air quality network measurements to support interpretation that an exponential increase in biogenic emissions of isoprene during heatwaves provides the limiting ingredient for severe ozone pollution, leading to non-compliance with the national ozone air quality standard.
Zhouxing Zou, Qianjie Chen, Men Xia, Qi Yuan, Yi Chen, Yanan Wang, Enyu Xiong, Zhe Wang, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7057–7074, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present OH observation and model simulation results at a coastal site in Hong Kong. The model predicted the OH concentration under high-NOx well but overpredicted it under low-NOx conditions. This implies an insufficient understanding of OH chemistry under low-NOx conditions. We show evidence of missing OH sinks as a possible cause of the overprediction.
Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Lingling Yuan, Shengao Jing, Bin Yuan, Guofeng Shen, Liang Zhu, Abigail Koss, Yingjie Li, Qian Wang, Dan Dan Huang, Shuhui Zhu, Shikang Tao, Shengrong Lou, and Cheng Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6633–6646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6633-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6633-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A near-complete speciation of reactive organic gases from residential combustion was developed to get more insights into their atmospheric effects. Oxygenated species, higher hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing species played larger roles in these emissions compared with common hydrocarbons. Based on the near-complete speciation, these emissions were largely underestimated, leading to more underestimation of their hydroxyl radical reactivity and secondary organic aerosol formation potential.
Zaneta Hamryszczak, Dirk Dienhart, Bettina Brendel, Roland Rohloff, Daniel Marno, Monica Martinez, Hartwig Harder, Andrea Pozzer, Birger Bohn, Martin Zöger, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5929–5943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5929-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5929-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen peroxide is a key contributor to the oxidative chemistry of the atmosphere through its link to the most prominent oxidants controlling its self-cleansing capacity, HOx. During the CAFE-Africa campaign, H2O2 was measured over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa in August/September 2018. The study gives an overview of the distribution of H2O2 in the upper tropical troposphere and investigates the impact of convective processes in the Intertropical Convergence Zone on the budget of H2O2.
Chengzhi Xing, Shiqi Xu, Yuhang Song, Cheng Liu, Yuhan Liu, Keding Lu, Wei Tan, Chengxin Zhang, Qihou Hu, Shanshan Wang, Hongyu Wu, and Hua Lin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5815–5834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
High RH could contribute to the secondary formation of HONO in the sea atmosphere. High temperature could promote the formation of HONO from NO2 heterogeneous reactions in the sea and coastal atmosphere. The aerosol surface plays a more important role during the above process in coastal and sea cases. The generation rate of HONO from the NO2 heterogeneous reaction in the sea cases is larger than that in inland cases in higher atmospheric layers above 600 m.
Daniel John Katz, Aroob Abdelhamid, Harald Stark, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Eleanor C. Browne
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5567–5585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5567-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5567-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ambient ion chemical composition measurements provide insight into trace gases that are precursors for the formation and growth of new aerosol particles. We use a new data analysis approach to increase the chemical information from these measurements. We analyze results from an agricultural region, a little studied land use type that is ~41 % of global land use, and find that the composition of gases important for aerosol formation and growth differs significantly from that in other ecosystems.
Amelia M. H. Bond, Markus M. Frey, Jan Kaiser, Jörg Kleffmann, Anna E. Jones, and Freya A. Squires
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5533–5550, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5533-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5533-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) amount fractions measured at Halley Research Station, Antarctica, were found to be low. Vertical fluxes of HONO from the snow were also measured and agree with the estimated HONO production rate from photolysis of snow nitrate. In a simple box model of HONO sources and sinks, there was good agreement between the measured flux and amount fraction. HONO was found to be an important OH radical source at Halley.
Rujing Yin, Xiaoxiao Li, Chao Yan, Runlong Cai, Ying Zhou, Juha Kangasluoma, Nina Sarnela, Janne Lampilahti, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Federico Bianchi, Markku Kulmala, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5279–5296, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5279-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5279-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric cluster ions are important constituents in the atmosphere. However, the quantitative research on their compositions is still limited, especially in urban environments. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of an in situ quantification method of cluster ions measured by a high-resolution mass spectrometer and reveal their governing factors, sources, and sinks in urban Beijing through quantitative analysis of cluster ions, reagent ions, neutral molecules, and condensation sink.
Philipp Eger, Theresa Mathes, Alex Zavarsky, and Lars Duester
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-535, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-535, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the contribution of inland shipping to air pollution at the river Rhine in Germany. Land-based measurements of gaseous and particulate pollutants were carried out for more than one year to provide a realistic estimate for the exposure of people to air pollution close to the riverside. Emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter relative to the amount of fuel used, and their dependence on ship size, engine type and operating conditions were examined.
Hejun Hu, Haichao Wang, Keding Lu, Jie Wang, Zelong Zheng, Xuezhen Xu, Tianyu Zhai, Xiaorui Chen, Xiao Lu, Momei Qin, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-622, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-622, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate radical chemistry is critical to the degradation of volatile organic compounds and secondary organic aerosol formations. This work investigated the level, seasonal variation and trend of the nitrate radical reactivity towards volatile organic compounds (kNO3) in Beijing, we show the key role of isoprene and styrene in regulating the seasonal variation of kNO3, and rebuild a long term record of kNO3 based on the reported VOC measuremnt.
Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Huang, Diego Aliaga, Otso Peräkylä, Liine Heikkinen, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Cheng Wu, Joonas Enroth, Yvette Gramlich, Jing Cai, Samara Carbone, Armin Hansel, Tuukka Petäjä, Markku Kulmala, Douglas Worsnop, Victoria Sinclair, Radovan Krejci, Marcos Andrade, Claudia Mohr, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4559–4576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4559-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4559-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the chemical composition of atmospheric cluster ions from January to May 2018 at the high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes. With state-of-the-art mass spectrometers and air mass history analysis, the measured cluster ions exhibited distinct diurnal and seasonal patterns, some of which contributed to new particle formation. Our study will improve the understanding of atmospheric ions and their role in high-altitude new particle formation.
Michael P. Vermeuel, Gordon A. Novak, Delaney B. Kilgour, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, Amy M. Trowbridge, Jonathan Thom, Patricia A. Cleary, Ankur R. Desai, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4123–4148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4123-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4123-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive carbon species emitted from natural sources such as forests play an important role in the chemistry of the atmosphere. Predictions of these emissions are based on plant responses during the growing season and do not consider potential effects from seasonal changes. To address this, we made measurements of reactive carbon over a forest during the summer to autumn transition. We learned that observed concentrations and emissions for some key species are larger than model predictions.
Huiming Lin, Yindong Tong, Long Chen, Chenghao Yu, Zhaohan Chu, Qianru Zhang, Xiufeng Yin, Qianggong Zhang, Shichang Kang, Junfeng Liu, James Schauer, Benjamin de Foy, and Xuejun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3937–3953, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lhasa is the largest city in the Tibetan Plateau, and its atmospheric mercury concentrations represent the highest level of pollution in this region. Unexpectedly high concentrations of atmospheric mercury species were found. Combined with the trajectory analysis, the high atmospheric mercury concentrations may have originated from external long-range transport. Local sources, especially special mercury-related sources, are important factors influencing the variability of atmospheric mercury.
Olivia Elaine Clifton, Donna Schwede, Christian Hogrefe, Jesse O. Bash, Sam Bland, Philip Cheung, Mhairi Coyle, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christopher D. Holmes, László Horváth, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A. Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J. William Munger, Juan L. Pérez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Sam J. Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamás Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, and Leiming Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-465, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-465, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A primary sink of air pollutants is dry deposition. Dry deposition estimates differ across models used to simulate atmospheric chemistry. Here we introduce an effort to examine dry deposition schemes from atmospheric chemistry models. We provide our approach’s rationale, document the schemes, and describe datasets used to drive and evaluate the schemes. We also launch the analysis of results by evaluating against observations and identifying the processes leading to model-model differences.
Vaishali Jain, Nidhi Tripathi, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Mansi Gupta, Lokesh K. Sahu, Vishnu Murari, Sreenivas Gaddamidi, Ashutosh K. Shukla, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3383–3408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This research chemically characterises 173 different NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds) measured in real time for three seasons in the city of the central Indo-Gangetic basin of India, Lucknow. Receptor modelling is used to analyse probable sources of NMVOCs and their crucial role in forming ozone and secondary organic aerosols. It is observed that vehicular emissions and solid fuel combustion are the highest contributors to the emission of primary and secondary NMVOCs.
Chunxiang Ye, Shuzheng Guo, Weili Lin, Fangjie Tian, Jianshu Wang, Chong Zhang, Suzhen Chi, Yi Chen, Yingjie Zhang, Limin Zeng, Xin Li, Duo Bu, Jiacheng Zhou, and Weixiong Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1239, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1239, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Online VOC measurements by GCMS, accompanied by other O3 precursors, were employed to identify key VOC and key sources in Lhasa. TVOCs (18.70 ± 8.35 ppb) and major anthropogenic alkanes and aromatics are half abundant relative to Beijing. OVOCs consist of 52 % of the TVOCs. Alkenes and OVOCs account fo over 80 % of the OFP. Aromatics dominate SOAP. PMF decomposed six residents' life associated sources.
Yizhen Wu, Juntao Huo, Gan Yang, Yuwei Wang, Lihong Wang, Shijian Wu, Lei Yao, Qingyan Fu, and Lin Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2997–3014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a field campaign in a suburban area of Shanghai during summer 2021, we calculated formaldehyde (HCHO) production rates from 24 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, HCHO photolysis, reactions with OH radicals, and dry deposition were considered for the estimation of HCHO loss rates. Our results reveal the key precursors of HCHO and suggest that HCHO wet deposition may be an important loss term on cloudy and rainy days, which needs to be further investigated.
Yu Han, Tao Wang, Rui Li, Hongbo Fu, Yusen Duan, Song Gao, Liwu Zhang, and Jianmin Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2877–2900, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2877-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2877-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Limited knowledge is available on volatile organic compound (VOC) multi-site research of different land-use types at city level. This study performed a concurrent multi-site observation campaign on the three typical land-use types of Shanghai, East China. The results showed that concentrations, sources and ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potentials of VOCs varied with the land-use types.
Zhensen Zheng, Kangwei Li, Bo Xu, Jianping Dou, Liming Li, Guotao Zhang, Shijie Li, Chunmei Geng, Wen Yang, Merched Azzi, and Zhipeng Bai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2649–2665, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2649-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2649-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Previous box model studies applied different timescales of observational datasets to identify the O3–precursor relationship, but there is a lack of comparison among these different timescales regarding the impact of O3 formation chemistry. Through a case study at Zibo in China, we find that the O3 formation regime showed overall consistency but non-negligible variability among various patterns of timescale. This would be complementary in developing more accurate O3 pollution control strategies.
Lejish Vettikkat, Pasi Miettinen, Angela Buchholz, Pekka Rantala, Hao Yu, Simon Schallhart, Tuukka Petäjä, Roger Seco, Elisa Männistö, Markku Kulmala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Alex B. Guenther, and Siegfried Schobesberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2683–2698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands cover a substantial fraction of the land mass in the northern latitudes, from northern Europe to Siberia and Canada. Yet, their isoprene and terpene emissions remain understudied. Here, we used a state-of-the-art measurement technique to quantify ecosystem-scale emissions from a boreal wetland during an unusually warm spring/summer. We found that the emissions from this wetland were (a) higher and (b) even more strongly dependent on temperature than commonly thought.
Foteini Stavropoulou, Katarina Vinković, Bert Kers, Marcel de Vries, Steven van Heuven, Piotr Korbeń, Martina Schmidt, Julia Wietzel, Pawel Jagoda, Jaroslav M. Necki, Jakub Bartyzel, Hossein Maazallahi, Malika Menoud, Carina van der Veen, Sylvia Walter, Béla Tuzson, Jonas Ravelid, Randulph Paulo Morales, Lukas Emmenegger, Dominik Brunner, Michael Steiner, Arjan Hensen, Ilona Velzeboer, Pim van den Bulk, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Antonio Delre, Maklawe Essonanawe Edjabou, Charlotte Scheutz, Marius Corbu, Sebastian Iancu, Denisa Moaca, Alin Scarlat, Alexandru Tudor, Ioana Vizireanu, Andreea Calcan, Magdalena Ardelean, Sorin Ghemulet, Alexandru Pana, Aurel Constantinescu, Lucian Cusa, Alexandru Nica, Calin Baciu, Cristian Pop, Andrei Radovici, Alexandru Mereuta, Horatiu Stefanie, Bas Hermans, Stefan Schwietzke, Daniel Zavala-Araiza, Huilin Chen, and Thomas Röckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-247, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-247, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we quantify CH4 emissions from onshore oil production sites in Romania at source and facility level using a combination of ground-based measurement techniques. We show that the total CH4 emissions in our studied areas are much higher than the reported emissions to UNFCCC. On the component scale, up to three-quarters of the detected emissions are related to operational venting. Our results suggest that O&G production infrastructure in Romania holds a massive mitigation potential.
Qindan Zhu, Bryan Place, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Sha Tong, Huanxin Zhang, Jun Wang, Clara M. Nussbaumer, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Allen H. Goldstein, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2023-3, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a hazardous air pollutant, and it is the precursor of short-lived climate forcers like tropospheric ozone and aerosol particles. While NOx emission from transportation has been strictly regulated, soil NOx emission is overlooked. We use the airborne flux measurements to observe NOx emissions from highways, urban and cultivated soil land cover types. We show a non-negligible soil NOx emission, which is significantly underestimated in current model simulations.
Eliane Gomes Alves, Raoni Aquino Santana, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Santiago Botía, Tyeen Taylor, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Pedro Ivo Lembo Silveira de Assis, Giordane Martins, Rodrigo de Souza, Sérgio Duvoisin Júnior, Alex Guenther, Dasa Gu, Anywhere Tsokankunku, Matthias Sörgel, Bruce Nelson, Davieliton Pinto, Shujiro Komiya, Diogo Martins Rosa, Bettina Weber, Cybelli Barbosa, Michelle Robin, Kenneth J. Feeley, Alvaro Duque, Viviana Londoño Lemos, Maria Paula Contreras, Alvaro Idarraga, Norberto López A., Chad Husby, and Brett Jestrow
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-168, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-168, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is emitted mainly by plants and can influence atmospheric chemistry and air quality. But, there are uncertainties in model emission estimates and follow-up atmospheric processes. In our study, with long-term observational datasets of isoprene and biological and environmental factors from central Amazonia, we show that isoprene emission estimates could be improved when biological processes were mechanistically incorporated into the model.
Tianyu Zhai, Keding Lu, Haichao Wang, Shengrong Lou, Xiaorui Chen, Renzhi Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2379–2391, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2379-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2379-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate nitrate is a growing issue in air pollution. Based on comprehensive field measurement, we show heavy nitrate pollution in eastern China in summer. OH reacting with NO2 at daytime dominates nitrate formation on clean days, while N2O5 hydrolysis largely enhances and become comparable with that of OH reacting with O2 on polluted days (67.2 % and 30.2 %). Model simulation indicates that VOC : NOx = 2 : 1 is effective in mitigating the O3 and nitrate pollution coordinately.
Samuel J. Cliff, Will Drysdale, James D. Lee, Carole Helfter, Eiko Nemitz, Stefan Metzger, and Janet F. Barlow
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2315–2330, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2315-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2315-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to the atmosphere are an ongoing air quality issue. This study directly measures emissions of NOx and carbon dioxide from a tall tower in central London during the coronavirus pandemic. It was found that transport NOx emissions had reduced by >73 % since 2017 as a result of air quality policy and reduced congestion during coronavirus restrictions. During this period, central London was thought to be dominated by point-source heat and power generation emissions.
Laura Tomsche, Felix Piel, Tomas Mikoviny, Claus J. Nielsen, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Melinda K. Schueneman, Jose L. Jimenez, Hannah Halliday, Glenn Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, John B. Nowak, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Emily Gargulinski, Amber J. Soja, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2331–2343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia (NH3) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere and fires are among the poorly investigated sources. During the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) aircraft campaign, we measured gaseous NH3 and particulate ammonium (NH4+) in smoke plumes emitted from 6 wildfires in the Western US and 66 small agricultural fires in the Southeastern US. We herein present a comprehensive set of emission factors of NH3 and NHx, where NHx = NH3 + NH4+.
Changmin Cho, Hendrik Fuchs, Andreas Hofzumahaus, Frank Holland, William J. Bloss, Birger Bohn, Hans-Peter Dorn, Marvin Glowania, Thorsten Hohaus, Lu Liu, Paul S. Monks, Doreen Niether, Franz Rohrer, Roberto Sommariva, Zhaofeng Tan, Ralf Tillmann, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Andreas Wahner, and Anna Novelli
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2003–2033, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we investigated the processes leading to the formation, destruction, and recycling of radicals for four seasons in a rural environment. Complete knowledge of their chemistry is needed if we are to predict the formation of secondary pollutants from primary emissions. The results highlight a still incomplete understanding of the paths leading to the formation of the OH radical, which has been observed in several other environments as well and needs to be further investigated.
Eric Förster, Harald Bönisch, Marco Neumaier, Florian Obersteiner, Andreas Zahn, Andreas Hilboll, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, Nikos Daskalakis, Alexandros Panagiotis Poulidis, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Michael Lichtenstern, and Peter Braesicke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1893–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1893-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1893-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The airborne megacity campaign EMeRGe provided an unprecedented amount of trace gas measurements. We combine measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with trajectory-modelled emission uptakes to identify potential source regions of pollution. We also characterise the chemical fingerprints (e.g. biomass burning and anthropogenic signatures) of the probed air masses to corroborate the contributing source regions. Our approach is the first large-scale study of VOCs originating from megacities.
Jacob T. Shaw, Amy Foulds, Shona Wilde, Patrick Barker, Freya A. Squires, James Lee, Ruth Purvis, Ralph Burton, Ioana Colfescu, Stephen Mobbs, Samuel Cliff, Stéphane J.-B. Bauguitte, Stuart Young, Stefan Schwietzke, and Grant Allen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1491–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Flaring is used by the oil and gas sector to dispose of unwanted natural gas or for safety. However, few studies have assessed the efficiency with which the gas is combusted. We sampled flaring emissions from offshore facilities in the North Sea. Average measured flaring efficiencies were ~ 98 % but with a skewed distribution, including many flares of lower efficiency. NOx and ethane emissions were also measured. Inefficient flaring practices could be a target for mitigating carbon emissions.
Wiebke Scholz, Jiali Shen, Diego Aliaga, Cheng Wu, Samara Carbone, Isabel Moreno, Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Huang, Liine Heikkinen, Jean Luc Jaffrezo, Gaelle Uzu, Eva Partoll, Markus Leiminger, Fernando Velarde, Paolo Laj, Patrick Ginot, Paolo Artaxo, Alfred Wiedensohler, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr, Marcos Andrade, Victoria Sinclair, Federico Bianchi, and Armin Hansel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 895–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-895-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-895-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), emitted from the ocean, is the most abundant biogenic sulfur emission into the atmosphere. OH radicals, among others, can oxidize DMS to sulfuric and methanesulfonic acid, which are relevant for aerosol formation. We quantified DMS and nearly all DMS oxidation products with novel mass spectrometric instruments for gas and particle phase at the high mountain station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes in free tropospheric air after long-range transport.
Money Ossohou, Jonathan E. Hickman, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Martin Van Damme, Marcellin Adon, Véronique Yoboué, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias Alvès, and Corinne Galy-Lacaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-793, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
The updated analyses of ground-based concentrations and satellite total vertical columns of atmospheric ammonia help to better understand 21st century ammonia dynamics in Sub Saharan Africa. We conclude that the main atmospheric ammonia sources are alkaline Sahelian soils and agro-pastoralism emissions along the dry savanna ecosystem. Ammonia variability in the wet savanna and forest ecosystems emphasized the importance of two main sources, i.e., biomass burning and agricultural waste burning.
Hyeri Park, Jooil Kim, Haklim Choi, Sohyeon Geum, Yeaseul Kim, Rona L. Thompson, Jens Mühle, Peter K. Salameh, Christina M. Harth, Keran M. Stanley, Simon O'Doherty, Paul J. Fraser, Peter G. Simmonds, Paul B. Krummel, Ray F. Weiss, Ronald G. Prinn, and Sunyoung Park
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-6, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifying East Asia HFC-23 emissions reveals that there have been significant discrepancies between continuous increase in the observation-derived emissions and emission reductions anticipated under national phase-out plans and implies that unaccounted emissions in eastern China and probably elsewhere associated with HCFC-22 production have driven the observed growth in global HFC-23 emissions.
Dirk Dienhart, Bettina Brendel, John N. Crowley, Philipp G. Eger, Hartwig Harder, Monica Martinez, Andrea Pozzer, Roland Rohloff, Jan Schuladen, Sebastian Tauer, David Walter, Jos Lelieveld, and Horst Fischer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 119–142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde and hydroperoxide measurements were performed in the marine boundary layer around the Arabian Peninsula and highlight the Suez Canal and Arabian (Persian) Gulf as a hotspot of photochemical air pollution. A comparison with the EMAC model shows that the formaldehyde results match within a factor of 2, while hydrogen peroxide was overestimated by more than a factor of 5, which revealed enhanced HOx (OH+HO2) radicals in the simulation and an underestimation of dry deposition velocites.
Hao Guo, Clare M. Flynn, Michael J. Prather, Sarah A. Strode, Stephen D. Steenrod, Louisa Emmons, Forrest Lacey, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Arlene M. Fiore, Gus Correa, Lee T. Murray, Glenn M. Wolfe, Jason M. St. Clair, Michelle Kim, John Crounse, Glenn Diskin, Joshua DiGangi, Bruce C. Daube, Roisin Commane, Kathryn McKain, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea Thompson, Thomas F. Hanisco, Donald Blake, Nicola J. Blake, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, James W. Elkins, Eric J. Hintsa, Fred L. Moore, and Steven C. Wofsy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 99–117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-99-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-99-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have prepared a unique and unusual result from the recent ATom aircraft mission: a measurement-based derivation of the production and loss rates of ozone and methane over the ocean basins. These are the key products of chemistry models used in assessments but have thus far lacked observational metrics. It also shows the scales of variability of atmospheric chemical rates and provides a major challenge to the atmospheric models.
Simone T. Andersen, Beth S. Nelson, Katie A. Read, Shalini Punjabi, Luis Neves, Matthew J. Rowlinson, James Hopkins, Tomás Sherwen, Lisa K. Whalley, James D. Lee, and Lucy J. Carpenter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15747–15765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15747-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15747-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The cycling of NO and NO2 is important to understand to be able to predict O3 concentrations in the atmosphere. We have used long-term measurements from the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory together with model outputs to investigate the cycling of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in very clean marine air. This study shows that we understand the processes occurring in very clean air, but with small amounts of pollution in the air, known chemistry cannot explain what is observed.
Pamela S. Rickly, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Glenn M. Wolfe, Ryan Bennett, Ilann Bourgeois, John D. Crounse, Jack E. Dibb, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Maximilian Dollner, Emily M. Gargulinski, Samuel R. Hall, Hannah S. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem A. Hannun, Jin Liao, Richard Moore, Benjamin A. Nault, John B. Nowak, Jeff Peischl, Claire E. Robinson, Thomas Ryerson, Kevin J. Sanchez, Manuel Schöberl, Amber J. Soja, Jason M. St. Clair, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Kirk Ullmann, Paul O. Wennberg, Bernadett Weinzierl, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Edward L. Winstead, and Andrew W. Rollins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15603–15620, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biomass burning sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission factors range from 0.27–1.1 g kg-1 C. Biomass burning SO2 can quickly form sulfate and organosulfur, but these pathways are dependent on liquid water content and pH. Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) appears to be directly emitted from some fire sources but is not the sole contributor to the organosulfur signal. It is shown that HMS and organosulfur chemistry may be an important S(IV) reservoir with the fate dependent on the surrounding conditions.
Cheng He, Xiao Lu, Haolin Wang, Haichao Wang, Yan Li, Guowen He, Yuanping He, Yurun Wang, Youlang Zhang, Yiming Liu, Qi Fan, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 15243–15261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15243-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15243-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report that nocturnal ozone enhancement (NOE) events are observed at a high annual frequency of 41 % over 800 sites in China in 2014–2019 (about 50 % higher than that over Europe or the US). High daytime ozone provides a rich ozone source in the nighttime residual layer, determining the overall high frequency of NOE events in China, and enhanced atmospheric mixing then triggers NOE events by allowing the ozone-rich air in the residual layer to be mixed into the nighttime boundary layer.
Rebecca A. Wernis, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Robert J. Weber, Greg T. Drozd, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14987–15019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14987-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14987-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured volatile and intermediate-volatility gases and semivolatile gas- and particle-phase compounds in the atmosphere during an 11 d period in a Bay Area suburb. We separated compounds based on variability in time to arrive at 13 distinct sources. Some compounds emitted from plants are found in greater quantities as fragrance compounds in consumer products. The wide volatility range of these measurements enables the construction of more complete source profiles.
Shijie Yu, Shenbo Wang, Ruixin Xu, Dong Zhang, Meng Zhang, Fangcheng Su, Xuan Lu, Xiao Li, Ruiqin Zhang, and Lingling Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14859–14878, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the hourly data of 57 VOC species were collected during 2018–2020 at an urban site in Zhengzhou, China. The research of concentrations, source apportionment, and atmospheric environmental implications clearly elucidated the differences in major reactants observed in different seasons and years. Therefore, the control strategy should focus on key species and sources among interannual and seasonal variations. The results can provide references to develop control strategies.
Haichao Wang, Bin Yuan, E Zheng, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Jie Wang, Keding Lu, Chenshuo Ye, Lei Yang, Shan Huang, Weiwei Hu, Suxia Yang, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Xianjun He, Yubin Chen, Tiange Li, Wenjie Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Xiaobing Li, Mingfu Cai, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14837–14858, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14837-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14837-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present intensive field measurement of ClNO2 in the Pearl River Delta in 2019. Large variation in the level, formation, and atmospheric impacts of ClNO2 was found in different air masses. ClNO2 formation was limited by the particulate chloride (Cl−) and aerosol surface area. Our results reveal that Cl− originated from various anthropogenic emissions rather than sea sources and show minor contribution to the O3 pollution and photochemistry.
Amy Christiansen, Loretta J. Mickley, Junhua Liu, Luke D. Oman, and Lu Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14751–14782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14751-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14751-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding tropospheric ozone trends is crucial for accurate predictions of future air quality and climate, but drivers of trends are not well understood. We analyze global tropospheric ozone trends since 1980 using ozonesonde and surface measurements, and we evaluate two models for their ability to reproduce trends. We find observational evidence of increasing tropospheric ozone, but models underestimate these increases. This hinders our ability to estimate ozone radiative forcing.
Yue Tan and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14455–14466, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a timely analysis of the effects of the recent lockdown in Shanghai on ground-level ozone (O3). Despite a huge reduction in human activity, O3 concentrations frequently exceeded the O3 air quality standard during the 2-month lockdown, implying that future emission reductions similar to those that occurred during the lockdown will not be sufficient to eliminate O3 pollution in many urban areas without the imposition of additional VOC controls or substantial decreases in NOx emissions.
Peeyush Khare, Jordan E. Krechmer, Jo E. Machesky, Tori Hass-Mitchell, Cong Cao, Junqi Wang, Francesca Majluf, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Sonja Malek, Will Wang, Karl Seltzer, Havala O. T. Pye, Roisin Commane, Brian C. McDonald, Ricardo Toledo-Crow, John E. Mak, and Drew R. Gentner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14377–14399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14377-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14377-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium adduct chemical ionization is used to examine the atmospheric abundances of oxygenated volatile organic compounds associated with emissions from volatile chemical products, which are now key contributors of reactive precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosols in urban areas. The application of this valuable measurement approach in densely populated New York City enables the evaluation of emissions inventories and thus the role these oxygenated compounds play in urban air quality.
Vanessa Selimovic, Damien Ketcherside, Sreelekha Chaliyakunnel, Catherine Wielgasz, Wade Permar, Hélène Angot, Dylan B. Millet, Alan Fried, Detlev Helmig, and Lu Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14037–14058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14037-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14037-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming has led to an increase in plants that emit gases in response to stress, but how these gases affect regional chemistry is largely unknown due to lack of observational data. Here we present the most comprehensive gas-phase measurements for this area to date and compare them to predictions from a global transport model. We report 78 gas-phase species and investigate their importance to atmospheric chemistry in the area, with broader implications for similar plant types.
Cited articles
Alam, M. S., Delgado-Saborit, J. M., Stark, C., and Harrison, R. M.: Investigating PAH relative reactivity using congener profiles, quinone measurements and back trajectories, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2467–2477, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2467-2014, 2014.
AMAP: Arctic Pollution 2009, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme,
Oslo, Norway, 1–83, 2009.
AMAP: AMAP Assessment 2016: Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern., Arctic
Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway, xvi + 353 pp., 2017.
AMAP: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme – an Arctic Council Working
Group, available at: https://www.amap.no/ (last access: 7 February 2020), 2019.
Bahm, K. and Khalil, M. A. K.: A new model of tropospheric hydroxyl radical
concentrations, Chemosphere, 54, 143–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.006, 2004.
Barrie, L. A., Gregor, D., Hargrave, B., Lake, R., Muir, D., Shearer, R.,
Tracey, B., and Bidleman, T.: Arctic contaminants: sources, occurrence and
pathways, Sci. Total Environ., 122, 1–74,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90245-N, 1992.
Bendig, P., Hägele, F., and Vetter, W.: Widespread occurrence of
polyhalogenated compounds in fat from kitchen hoods,
Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 7485–7496, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7194-5, 2013.
Beyer, A., Wania, F., Gouin, T., Mackay, D., and Matthies, M.: Temperature
Dependence of the Characteristic Travel Distance, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 766–771, https://doi.org/10.1021/es025717w, 2003.
Bidleman, T. F., Brorström-Lundén, E., Hansson, K., Laudon, H.,
Nygren, O., and Tysklind, M.: Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of
Bromoanisoles Along a Temperate to Arctic Gradient,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 10974–10982, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03218, 2017a.
Bidleman, T. F., Laudon, H., Nygren, O., Svanberg, S., and Tysklind, M.:
Chlorinated pesticides and natural brominated anisoles in air at three
northern Baltic stations, Environ. Pollut., 225, 381–389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.064, 2017b.
Brown, T. N. and Wania, F.: Screening chemicals for the potential to be
persistent organic pollutants: A case study of Arctic contaminants,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 5202–5209, https://doi.org/10.1021/es8004514,
2008.
ChemAxon: JChem for Excel Add-In V 19.25.0.559., available at: https://chemaxon.com/, last access: 19 December 2019.
Coscollà, C., Castillo, M., Pastor, A., and Yusà, V.: Determination
of 40 currently used pesticides in airborne particulate matter (PM 10) by
microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatography coupled to triple
quadrupole mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 693, 72–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.017, 2011.
Czech, H., Miersch, T., Orasche, J., Abbaszade, G., Sippula, O., Tissari,
J., Michalke, B., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Streibel, T., Jokiniemi, J., and
Zimmermann, R.: Chemical composition and speciation of particulate organic
matter from modern residential small-scale wood combustion appliances,
Sci. Total Environ., 612, 636–648, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.263, 2018.
Czub, G., Wania, F., and McLachlan, M. S.: Combining Long-Range Transport
and Bioaccumulation Considerations to Identify Potential Arctic
Contaminants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 3704–3709, https://doi.org/10.1021/es7028679, 2008.
Drotikova, T., Ali, A. M., Halse, A. K., Reinardy, H. C., and Kallenborn, R.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxy- and nitro-PAHs in ambient air of Arctic town Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-142, in review, 2020.
ECHA: Mapping the chemical universe to address substances of concern –
Integrated Regulatory Strategy Annual Report 2019, ECHA, Finland, 1–59,
2019a.
ECHA: ECHA substance information 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, available at:
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.054.188 (last access: 7 February 2020), 2019b.
ECHA: ECHA substance information Caffeine, available at:
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.329
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019c.
ECHA: ECHA substance information Dichlofluanid, available at:
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.012.835
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019d.
ECHA: ECHA substance information Benzenesulfonamide, available at:
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.002.398
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019e.
ECHA: ECHA substance information Nitrapyrin, available at:
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.016.076
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019f.
ECHA: ECHA substance information Dichlorobenil, available at:
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.013.443
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019g.
ECHA: ECHA substance information 2-Methylanthraquinone, available at:
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.001.399
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019h.
ECHA: ECHA substance information Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate, available at:
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.033.766
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019i.
Elix, J. A., Whitton, A. A., and Sagent, M. V.: Recent Progress in the
Chemistry of Lichen Substances, in: Progress in the Chemistry of Organic
Natural Products, edited by: Herz, W., Grisebach, H., and Kirby, G. W.,
Springer-Verlag, Vienna, Austria, 103–234, 1984.
EMEP: The co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the
long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (inofficially “European
Monitoring and Evaluation Programme” = EMEP) is a scientifically based and
policy driven programme under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air
Pollution (CLRTAP) for international co-operation to solve transboundary air
pollution problems, available at:
http://www.emep.int (last access: 7 February 2020), 2019.
European Parliament: Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament
and of the Council, 18 December 2006, concerning the Registration,
Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing
a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing
Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1488/94
as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives
91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. The European Parliament and
the Council of the European Union, 2018.
Fiedler, H., Kallenborn, R., de Boer, J., and Sydnes Leiv, K.: The Stockholm Convention: A Tool for the Global Regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Chemistry International, 41, 4–11, https://doi.org/10.1515/ci-2019-0202, 2019.
Führer, U. and Ballschmiter, K.: Bromochloromethoxybenzenes in the
Marine Troposphere of the Atlantic Ocean:? A Group of Organohalogens with
Mixed Biogenic and Anthropogenic Origin, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2208–2215, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970922a, 1998.
Genualdi, S., Harner, T., Cheng, Y., MacLeod, M., Hansen, K. M., van Egmond,
R., Shoeib, M., and Lee, S. C.: Global Distribution of Linear and Cyclic
Volatile Methyl Siloxanes in Air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45,
3349–3354, https://doi.org/10.1021/es200301j, 2011.
GovCanada: Chemicals of high priority, Batch 8 of the Challenge:
Tetrachloroveratrole, available at:
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/challenge/batch-8/tetrachloroveratrole.html
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019.
Grazulevicius, J. V., Strohriegl, P., Pielichowski, J., and Pielichowski,
K.: Carbazole-containing polymers: synthesis, properties and applications,
Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, 1297–1353, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(03)00036-4, 2003.
Gubala, C. P., Landers, D. H., Monetti, M., Heit, M., Wade, T., Lasorsa, B.,
and Allen-Gil, S.: The rates of accumulation and chronologies of
atmospherically derived pollutants in Arctic Alaska, USA, Sci. Total Environ., 160–161, 347–361, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04368-B, 1995.
Hansen, B. G., Munn, S. J., Pakalin, S., Heidorn, C. J. A., Allanou, R., Scheer S., Pellegrini, G., Vegro, S., De Bruijn, J., Luotamo, M., Vormann, K., Loonen, H., Berthault, F., and Praderio, L.: EUR 19757 EN – European Union Risk Assessment Report 4-Choro-o-cresol, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 2002.
Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of
Occupational Exposure Limits. o-, m-, p-Terphenyl (mixture); Health-based
Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. Health Council
of the Netherlands, The Hague, the Netherlands, 2002.
Herrero, P., Borrull, F., Pocurull, E., and Marcé, R. M.: An overview of
analytical methods and occurrence of benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles and
benzenesulfonamides in the environment, TrAC-Trend. Anal. Chem.,
62, 46–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2014.06.017, 2014.
Hilton, D. C., Jones, R. S., and Sjödin, A.: A method for rapid,
non-targeted screening for environmental contaminants in household dust,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 6851–6856, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.039,
2010.
Hoferkamp, L., Hermanson, M. H., and Muir, D. C. G.: Current use pesticides
in Arctic media; 2000–2007, Sci. Total Environ., 408,
2985–2994, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.038,
2010.
Howard, P. H. and Muir, D. C. G.: Identifying New Persistent and
Bioaccumulative Organics Among Chemicals in Commerce, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2277–2285, https://doi.org/10.1021/es903383a, 2010.
Hung, H., Kallenborn, R., Breivik, K., Su, Y., Brorström-Lundén, E.,
Olafsdottir, K., Thorlacius, J. M., Leppänen, S., Bossi, R., Skov, H.,
Manø, S., Patton, G. W., Stern, G., Sverko, E., and Fellin, P.:
Atmospheric monitoring of organic pollutants in the Arctic under the Arctic
Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP): 1993–2006, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 2854–2873, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.044, 2010.
Ireland/UK: European Union Risk Assessment Report
tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate. Office for Official Publications of
the European Communities, Luxembourg, 2008.
Kallenborn, R., Breivik, K., Eckhardt, S., Lunder, C. R., Manø, S., Schlabach, M., and Stohl, A.: Long-term monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the Norwegian Troll station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6983–6992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6983-2013, 2013.
Kallenborn, R., Brorström-Lundén, E., Reiersen, L.-O., and Wilson,
S.: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Arctic
environments: indicator contaminants for assessing local and remote
anthropogenic sources in a pristine ecosystem in change, Environ.
Sci. Pollut. R., 25, 33001–33013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9726-6,
2018.
Karavalakis, G., Fontaras, G., Ampatzoglou, D., Kousoulidou, M., Stournas,
S., Samaras, Z., and Bakeas, E.: Effects of low concentration biodiesel
blends application on modern passenger cars. Part 3: Impact on PAH,
nitro-PAH, and oxy-PAH emissions, Environ. Pollut., 158, 1584–1594,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.017, 2010.
Kirchner, M., Jakobi, G., Körner, W., Levy, W., Moche,
W., Niedermoser, B., Schaub, M., Ries, L., Weiss, P., Antritter, F.,
Fischer, N., Henkelmann, B., and Schramm, K.-W.: Ambient Air Levels of
Organochlorine Pesticides at Three High Alpine Monitoring Stations: Trends
and Dependencies on Geographical Origin, Aerosol Air Qual. Res.,
16, 738–751, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.04.0213, 2016.
Koziol, A. S. and Pudykiewicz, J. A.: Global-scale environmental transport
of persistent organic pollutants, Chemosphere, 45, 1181–1200, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00004-2, 2001.
Labmonk: Labmonk: Synthesis of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline from aniline, available at:
https://labmonk.com/synthesis-of-2-4-6-tribromoaniline-from-aniline
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019.
Lebedev, A. T., Mazur, D. M., Polyakova, O. V., Kosyakov, D. S.,
Kozhevnikov, A. Y., Latkin, T. B., Andreeva Yu, I., and Artaev, V. B.: Semi
volatile organic compounds in the snow of Russian Arctic islands:
Archipelago Novaya Zemlya, Environ. Pollut., 239, 416–427, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.009, 2018.
Leng, G. and Gries, W.: New specific and sensitive biomonitoring methods
for chemicals of emerging health relevance, Int. J. Hyg.
Envir. Heal., 220, 113–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.014, 2017.
Lui, K. H., Bandowe, B. A., Tian, L., Chan, C. S., Cao, J. J., Ning, Z.,
Lee, S. C., and Ho, K. F.: Cancer risk from polycyclic aromatic compounds in
fine particulate matter generated from household coal combustion in Xuanwei,
China, Chemosphere, 169, 660–668, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.112, 2017.
Macdonald, R. W., Barrie, L. A., Bidleman, T. F., Diamond, M. L., Gregor, D.
J., Semkin, R. G., Strachan, W. M. J., Li, Y. F., Wania, F., Alaee, M.,
Alexeeva, L. B., Backus, S. M., Bailey, R., Bewers, J. M., Gobeil, C.,
Halsall, C. J., Harner, T., Hoff, J. T., Jantunen, L. M. M., Lockhart, W.
L., Mackay, D., Muir, D. C. G., Pudykiewicz, J., Reimer, K. J., Smith, J.
N., Stern, G. A., Schroeder, W. H., Wagemann, R., and Yunker, M. B.:
Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 years of progress in understanding
sources, occurrence and pathways, Sci. Total Environ., 254,
93–234, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00434-4, 2000.
Macdonald, R. W., Harner, T., and Fyfe, J.: Recent climate change in the
Arctic and its impact on contaminant pathways and interpretation of temporal
trend data, Sci. Total Environ., 342, 5–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.059, 2005.
MacLeod, M., Riley, W. J., and McKone, T. E.: Assessing the Influence of
Climate Variability on Atmospheric Concentrations of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls Using a Global-Scale Mass Balance Model (BETR-Global),
Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6749–6756, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048426r,
2005.
Mazur, D. M., Zenkevich, I. G., Artaev, V. B., Polyakova, O. V., and
Lebedev, A. T.: Regression algorithm for calculating second-dimension
retention indices in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1569, 178–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.038, 2018.
Meng, J.: Production of dacthal from xylene. Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved., Patent CN102432470A, Peop. Rep. China, 2012.
Messing, P. G., Farenhorst, A., Waite, D. T., and Sproull, J. F.: Air
concentrations of currently used herbicides and legacy compounds in the
Canadian prairies, subarctic, and arctic, J. Environ. Sci. Heal. B, 49, 338–343, https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2014.882163, 2014.
MetFrag: MetFrag webtool, available at: https://msbi.ipb-halle.de/MetFragBeta/ (last access: 7 February 2020), 2019.
Moltó, J., Font, R., and Conesa, J. A.: Study of the Organic Compounds
Produced in the Pyrolysis and Combustion of Used Polyester Fabrics, Energ. Fuel., 20, 1951–1958, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef060205e, 2006.
Moltó, J., Font, R., Gálvez, A., and Conesa, J. A.: Pyrolysis and
combustion of electronic wastes, J. Anal. Appl.
Pyrol., 84, 68–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2008.10.023, 2009.
Muir, D. C. G. and Howard, P. H.: Are there other persistent organic
pollutants? A challenge for environmental chemists, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7157–7166, https://doi.org/10.1021/es061677a, 2006.
Naccarato, A., Gionfriddo, E., Sindona, G., and Tagarelli, A.: Simultaneous
determination of benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles and benzosulfonamides by
solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass
spectrometry in environmental aqueous matrices and human urine, J. Chromatogr. A, 1338, 164–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.089, 2014.
Nizzetto, P. B. and Aas, W.: Monitoring of environmental contaminants in
air and precipitation. Annual report 2015, NILU, Kjeller, Norway, M-579,
1–98, 2016.
Nizzetto, P. B., Aas, W., and Warner, N.: Monitoring of environmental
contaminants in air and precipitation. Annual report 2017, NILU, Kjeller,
Norway M-1062, 1–142, 2018.
NORMAN network: List of emergin substances, latest update February 2016, available at:
https://www.norman-network.com/sites/default/files/files/Emerging_substances_list_Feb_16/NORMAN list_2016_FINAL.XLSX (last access:
7 February 2020), 2016.
Oulton, S.: Scientific working group for the analysis of seized drugs, available at:
http://swgdrug.org/ms.htm (last access: 7 February 2020), 2019.
PerkinElmerInformatics: ChemOffice19: ChemDraw for Excel V 19.0., available at: https://www.perkinelmer.com (last access: 4 February 2020), 2019.
Reppas-Chrysovitsinos, E., Sobek, A., and MacLeod, M.: Screening-level
exposure-based prioritization to identify potential POPs, vPvBs and
planetary boundary threats among Arctic contaminants, Emerging Contaminants,
3, 85–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2017.06.001, 2017.
Röhler, L., Bohlin-Nizzetto, P., Rostkowski, P., Kallenborn, R., and Schlabach, M.: Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in ambient air, Part I: Combining a novel sample clean-up method with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-263, in review, 2020.
Ruttkies, C., Schymanski, E. L., Wolf, S., Hollender, J., and Neumann, S.: MetFrag relaunched: incorporating strategies beyond in silico fragmentation, J. Cheminformatics, 8, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13321-016-0115-9, 2016.
Salamova, A., Hermanson, M. H., and Hites, R. A.: Organophosphate and
Halogenated Flame Retardants in Atmospheric Particles from a European Arctic
Site, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 6133–6140, https://doi.org/10.1021/es500911d, 2014.
Samokhin, A., Sotnezova, K., Lashin, V., and Revelsky, I.: Evaluation of
mass spectral library search algorithms implemented in commercial software,
J. Mass Spectrom., 50, 820–825, https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.3591, 2015.
Schenker, U., Scheringer, M., and Hungerbühler, K.: Including
degradation products of persistent organic pollutants in a global
multi-media box model, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R. –
International, 14, 145–152, https://doi.org/10.1065/espr2007.03.398, 2007.
Schymanski, E. L., Singer, H. P., Slobodnik, J., Ipolyi, I. M., Oswald, P.,
Krauss, M., Schulze, T., Haglund, P., Letzel, T., Grosse, S., Thomaidis, N.
S., Bletsou, A., Zwiener, C., Ibanez, M., Portoles, T., de Boer, R., Reid,
M. J., Onghena, M., Kunkel, U., Schulz, W., Guillon, A., Noyon, N., Leroy,
G., Bados, P., Bogialli, S., Stipanicev, D., Rostkowski, P., and Hollender,
J.: Non-target screening with high-resolution mass spectrometry: critical
review using a collaborative trial on water analysis, Anal. Bioanal. Chem.,
407, 6237–6255, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8681-7, 2015.
Singh, D. K., Kawamura, K., Yanase, A., and Barrie, L. A.: Distributions of
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and
Trace Metals in Arctic Aerosols: Long-Range Atmospheric Transport,
Photochemical Degradation/Production at Polar Sunrise, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 8992–9004, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01644, 2017.
Stefanye, D.: Bluing of steel surfaces. Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved., Patent US3677829A, 1972.
Stiborova, M.: Nitroaromatic compounds: Environmental pollutants with
carcinogenic potential for humans, Chem. Listy, 96, 784–791, 2002.
Su, Y., Hung, H., Blanchard, P., Patton, G. W., Kallenborn, R., Konoplev,
A., Fellin, P., Li, H., Geen, C., Stern, G., Rosenberg, B., and Barrie, L.
A.: A circumpolar perspective of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides
(OCPs): Results from six Arctic monitoring stations in 2000–2003,
Atmos. Environ., 42, 4682–4698, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.054, 2008.
Sühring, R., Diamond, M. L., Scheringer, M., Wong, F., Pućko, M.,
Stern, G., Burt, A., Hung, H., Fellin, P., Li, H., and Jantunen, L. M.:
Organophosphate Esters in Canadian Arctic Air: Occurrence, Levels and
Trends, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 7409–7415, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00365, 2016.
UNECE: The 1998 Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), available at:
https://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/pops_h1.html
(last access: 7 February 2020), 1998.
UNEP: The global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), available at:
http://chm.pops.int/Implementation/GlobalMonitoringPlan/Overview/tabid/83/Default.aspx
(last access: 4 February 2020), 2009a.
UNEP: Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), available at:
http://www.pops.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/2232/Default.aspx
(last access: 4 February 2020), 2009b.
U.S. EPA: US EPA 738-F-05-007 R.E.D. Chloroneb, available at: https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/reregistration/fs_PC-027301_1-Sep-05.pdf (last access: 7 February 2020), 2005.
U.S. EPA: Estimation Programs Interface Suite™ for
Microsoft® Windows, v 4.11. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA, 2019.
Veenaas, C. and Haglund, P.: A retention index system for comprehensive
two-dimensional gas chromatography using polyethylene glycols, J. Chromatogr.
A, 1536, 67–74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.062, 2018.
Vetter, W., Schlabach, M., and Kallenborn, R.: Evidence for the presence of
natural halogenated hydrocarbons in southern Norwegian and polar air,
Fresen. Environ. Bull., 11, 170–175, 2002.
Vetter, W., Rosenfelder, N., Kraan, S., and Hiebl, J.: Structure and origin
of the natural halogenated monoterpene MHC-1 and its concentrations in
marine mammals and fish, Chemosphere, 73, 7–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.020, 2008.
Vicente, E. D., Vicente, A. M., Musa Bandowe, B. A., and Alves, C. A.:
Particulate phase emission of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
and their derivatives (alkyl-PAHs, oxygenated-PAHs, azaarenes and nitrated
PAHs) from manually and automatically fired combustion appliances, Air
Qual. Atmos. Heal., 9, 653–668, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-015-0364-1,
2016.
Vorkamp, K. and Rigét, F. F.: A review of new and current-use
contaminants in the Arctic environment: Evidence of long-range transport and
indications of bioaccumulation, Chemosphere, 111, 379–395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.019, 2014.
Wang, L.: CAS Marks Multiple Milestones, Chem. Eng. News, 93,
1, 2015.
Wang, Z., Li, K., Lambert, P., and Yang, C.: Identification,
characterization and quantitation of pyrogenic polycylic aromatic
hydrocarbons and other organic compounds in tire fire products, J. Chromatogr. A, 1139, 14–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.085, 2007.
Wania, F., Breivik, K., Persson, N. J., and McLachlan, M. S.: CoZMo-POP 2 –
A fugacity-based dynamic multi-compartmental mass balance model of the fate
of persistent organic pollutants, Environ. Model. Softw., 21,
868–884, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.04.003, 2006.
Watanabe, M., Nakata, C., Wu, W., Kawamoto, K., and Noma, Y.:
Characterization of semi-volatile organic compounds emitted during heating
of nitrogen-containing plastics at low temperature, Chemosphere, 68,
2063–2072, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.022,
2007.
Webster, E., Mackay, D., and Wania, F.: Evaluating environmental
persistence, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 2148–2158, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620171104, 1998.
Weyer, V., Blettner, M., Cholmakow-Bodechtel, C., and Heudorf, U.: Chemical
accident at Hoechst AG Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 1993: a 15 year follow-up
analysis of mortality, Eur. J. Epidemiol., 29, 73–76, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9870-3, 2014.
WOC: 2,2,4-Trichloroacetophenone Properties, available at: https://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicals/chemical-properties/224-trichloroacetophenone.html
(last access: 7 February 2020), 2019.
Woodward, E. E., Kolpin, D. W., Zheng, W., Holm, N. L., Meppelink, S. M.,
Terrio, P. J., and Hladik, M. L.: Fate and transport of nitrapyrin in
agroecosystems: Occurrence in agricultural soils, subsurface drains, and
receiving streams in the Midwestern US, Sci. Total Environ.,
650, 2830–2841, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.387, 2019.
Xiao, H., Shen, L., Su, Y., Barresi, E., DeJong, M., Hung, H., Lei, Y.-D.,
Wania, F., Reiner, E. J., Sverko, E., and Kang, S.-C.: Atmospheric
concentrations of halogenated flame retardants at two remote locations: The
Canadian High Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau, Environ. Pollut., 161,
154–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.041, 2012.
Zawadzka, K., Bernat, P., Felczak, A., and Lisowska, K.: Carbazole
hydroxylation by the filamentous fungi of the Cunninghamella species,
Environ. Sci. Pollut. R. –
International, 22, 19658–19666, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5146-7, 2015.
Zhang, X., Brown, T. N., Wania, F., Heimstad, E. S., and Goss, K.-U.:
Assessment of chemical screening outcomes based on different partitioning
property estimation methods, Environ. Int., 36, 514–520,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.03.010, 2010.
Zhao, X., Chaudhry, S. T., and Mei, J.: Chapter Five – Heterocyclic Building Blocks for Organic Semiconductors, Adv. Heterocycl. Chem., 121, 133-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.04.009, 2017.
Zhong, G., Xie, Z., Cai, M., Möller, A., Sturm, R., Tang, J., Zhang, G.,
He, J., and Ebinghaus, R.: Distribution and Air–Sea Exchange of Current-Use
Pesticides (CUPs) from East Asia to the High Arctic Ocean, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 259–267, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202655k, 2012.
Short summary
A new clean-up method for the SUS and NTS of organic contaminants was applied to high-volume Arctic air samples. A large number of known and new potential organic chemicals of emerging Arctic concern were identified and prioritised with GC×GC-LRMS; 60 % of the identified contaminants (not yet detected in Arctic samples) do not meet currently accepted criteria for LRATP into polar environments. Without our empirical confirmation, they would not be considered potential Arctic contaminants.
A new clean-up method for the SUS and NTS of organic contaminants was applied to high-volume...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint