Articles | Volume 20, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11287-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11287-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report
| 
02 Oct 2020
Measurement report |
| 02 Oct 2020
| 02 Oct 2020
Measurement report: Leaf-scale gas exchange of atmospheric reactive trace species (NO2, NO, O3) at a northern hardwood forest in Michigan
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Laurens Ganzeveld
Wageningen University, Meteorology and Air Quality Section,
Wageningen, the Netherlands
Samuel Rossabi
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Jacques Hueber
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Detlev Helmig
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Related authors
Brandon Bottorff, Michelle M. Lew, Youngjun Woo, Pamela Rickly, Matthew D. Rollings, Benjamin Deming, Daniel C. Anderson, Ezra Wood, Hariprasad D. Alwe, Dylan B. Millet, Andrew Weinheimer, Geoff Tyndall, John Ortega, Sebastien Dusanter, Thierry Leonardis, James Flynn, Matt Erickson, Sergio Alvarez, Jean C. Rivera-Rios, Joshua D. Shutter, Frank Keutsch, Detlev Helmig, Wei Wang, Hannah M. Allen, Johnathan H. Slade, Paul B. Shepson, Steven Bertman, and Philip S. Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10287–10311, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10287-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10287-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxy (HO2), and organic peroxy (RO2) radicals play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and have significant air quality implications. Here, we compare measurements of OH, HO2, and total peroxy radicals (XO2) made in a remote forest in Michigan, USA, to predictions from a series of chemical models. Lower measured radical concentrations suggest that the models may be missing an important radical sink and overestimating the rate of ozone production in this forest.
Detlev Helmig, Alex Guenther, Jacques Hueber, Ryan Daly, Wei Wang, Jeong-Hoo Park, Anssi Liikanen, and Arnaud P. Praplan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5439–5454, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5439-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5439-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research demonstrates a new method for determination of the chemical reactivity of volatile organic compounds that are emitted from the leaves and needles of trees. These measurements allow elucidating if and how much of these emissions and their associated reactivity are captured and quantified by currently applicable chemical analysis methods.
Anam M. Khan, Olivia E. Clifton, Jesse O. Bash, Sam Bland, Nathan Booth, Philip Cheung, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christian Hogrefe, Christopher D. Holmes, László Horváth, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A. Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J. William Munger, Juan L. Pérez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Donna Schwede, Sam J. Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamás Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, Leiming Zhang, and Paul C. Stoy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8613–8635, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8613-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8613-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation removes tropospheric ozone through stomatal uptake, and accurately modeling the stomatal uptake of ozone is important for modeling dry deposition and air quality. We evaluated the stomatal component of ozone dry deposition modeled by atmospheric chemistry models at six sites. We find that models and observation-based estimates agree at times during the growing season at all sites, but some models overestimated the stomatal component during the dry summers at a seasonally dry site.
Yugo Kanaya, Roberto Sommariva, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Andrea Mazzeo, Theodore K. Koenig, Kaori Kawana, James E. Johnson, Aurélie Colomb, Pierre Tulet, Suzie Molloy, Ian E. Galbally, Rainer Volkamer, Anoop Mahajan, John W. Halfacre, Paul B. Shepson, Julia Schmale, Hélène Angot, Byron Blomquist, Matthew D. Shupe, Detlev Helmig, Junsu Gil, Meehye Lee, Sean C. Coburn, Ivan Ortega, Gao Chen, James Lee, Kenneth C. Aikin, David D. Parrish, John S. Holloway, Thomas B. Ryerson, Ilana B. Pollack, Eric J. Williams, Brian M. Lerner, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Teresa Campos, Frank M. Flocke, J. Ryan Spackman, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Chelsea R. Thompson, Ralf M. Staebler, Amir A. Aliabadi, Wanmin Gong, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, Ryan M. Stauffer, Debra E. Kollonige, Juan Carlos Gómez Martin, Masatomo Fujiwara, Katie Read, Matthew Rowlinson, Keiichi Sato, Junichi Kurokawa, Yoko Iwamoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Hisahiro Takashima, Monica Navarro Comas, Marios Panagi, and Martin G. Schultz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-566, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-566, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The first comprehensive dataset of tropospheric ozone over oceans/polar regions is presented, including 77 ship/buoy and 48 aircraft campaign observations (1977–2022, 0–5000 m altitude), supplemented by ozonesonde and surface data. Air masses isolated from land for 72+ hours are systematically selected as essentially oceanic. Among the 11 global regions, they show daytime decreases of 10–16% in the tropics, while near-zero depletions are rare, unlike in the Arctic, implying different mechanisms.
Andrew O. Langford, Raul J. Alvarez II, Kenneth C. Aikin, Sunil Baidar, W. Alan Brewer, Steven S. Brown, Matthew M. Coggan, Patrick D. Cullis, Jessica Gilman, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Detlev Helmig, Bryan J. Johnson, K. Emma Knowland, Rajesh Kumar, Aaron D. Lamplugh, Audra McClure-Begley, Brandi J. McCarty, Ann M. Middlebrook, Gabriele Pfister, Jeff Peischl, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Pamela S. Rickley, Andrew W. Rollins, Scott P. Sandberg, Christoph J. Senff, and Carsten Warneke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1938, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1938, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
High ozone (O3) formed by reactions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can harm human health and welfare. High O3 is usually associated with hot summer days, but under certain conditions, high O3 can also form under winter conditions. In this study, we describe a high O3 event that occurred in Colorado during the COVID-19 quarantine that was caused in part by the decrease in traffic, and in part by a shallow inversion created by descent of stratospheric air.
Matthew J. Rowlinson, Mat J. Evans, Lucy J. Carpenter, Katie A. Read, Shalini Punjabi, Adedayo Adedeji, Luke Fakes, Ally Lewis, Ben Richmond, Neil Passant, Tim Murrells, Barron Henderson, Kelvin H. Bates, and Detlev Helmig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8317–8342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8317-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8317-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ethane and propane are volatile organic compounds emitted from human activities which help to form ozone, a pollutant and greenhouse gas, and also affect the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. Atmospheric models tend to do a poor job of reproducing the abundance of these compounds in the atmosphere. By using regional estimates of their emissions, rather than globally consistent estimates, we can significantly improve the simulation of ethane in the model and make some improvement for propane.
Brandon Bottorff, Michelle M. Lew, Youngjun Woo, Pamela Rickly, Matthew D. Rollings, Benjamin Deming, Daniel C. Anderson, Ezra Wood, Hariprasad D. Alwe, Dylan B. Millet, Andrew Weinheimer, Geoff Tyndall, John Ortega, Sebastien Dusanter, Thierry Leonardis, James Flynn, Matt Erickson, Sergio Alvarez, Jean C. Rivera-Rios, Joshua D. Shutter, Frank Keutsch, Detlev Helmig, Wei Wang, Hannah M. Allen, Johnathan H. Slade, Paul B. Shepson, Steven Bertman, and Philip S. Stevens
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10287–10311, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10287-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10287-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxy (HO2), and organic peroxy (RO2) radicals play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and have significant air quality implications. Here, we compare measurements of OH, HO2, and total peroxy radicals (XO2) made in a remote forest in Michigan, USA, to predictions from a series of chemical models. Lower measured radical concentrations suggest that the models may be missing an important radical sink and overestimating the rate of ozone production in this forest.
Olivia E. Clifton, Donna Schwede, Christian Hogrefe, Jesse O. Bash, Sam Bland, Philip Cheung, Mhairi Coyle, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christopher D. Holmes, László Horváth, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A. Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J. William Munger, Juan L. Pérez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Sam J. Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamás Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, and Leiming Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9911–9961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A primary sink of air pollutants is dry deposition. Dry deposition estimates differ across the models used to simulate atmospheric chemistry. Here, we introduce an effort to examine dry deposition schemes from atmospheric chemistry models. We provide our approach’s rationale, document the schemes, and describe datasets used to drive and evaluate the schemes. We also launch the analysis of results by evaluating against observations and identifying the processes leading to model–model differences.
Vanessa Selimovic, Damien Ketcherside, Sreelekha Chaliyakunnel, Catherine Wielgasz, Wade Permar, Hélène Angot, Dylan B. Millet, Alan Fried, Detlev Helmig, and Lu Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14037–14058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14037-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14037-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming has led to an increase in plants that emit gases in response to stress, but how these gases affect regional chemistry is largely unknown due to lack of observational data. Here we present the most comprehensive gas-phase measurements for this area to date and compare them to predictions from a global transport model. We report 78 gas-phase species and investigate their importance to atmospheric chemistry in the area, with broader implications for similar plant types.
Detlev Helmig, Alex Guenther, Jacques Hueber, Ryan Daly, Wei Wang, Jeong-Hoo Park, Anssi Liikanen, and Arnaud P. Praplan
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5439–5454, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5439-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5439-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research demonstrates a new method for determination of the chemical reactivity of volatile organic compounds that are emitted from the leaves and needles of trees. These measurements allow elucidating if and how much of these emissions and their associated reactivity are captured and quantified by currently applicable chemical analysis methods.
Albane Barbero, Roberto Grilli, Markus M. Frey, Camille Blouzon, Detlev Helmig, Nicolas Caillon, and Joël Savarino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12025–12054, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12025-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12025-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The high reactivity of the summer Antarctic boundary layer results in part from the emissions of nitrogen oxides produced during photo-denitrification of the snowpack, but its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The results of this study suggest that more NO2 is produced from the snowpack early in the photolytic season, possibly due to stronger UV irradiance caused by a smaller solar zenith angle near the solstice.
Auke J. Visser, Laurens N. Ganzeveld, Ignacio Goded, Maarten C. Krol, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, and K. Folkert Boersma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18393–18411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18393-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18393-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Dry deposition is an important sink for tropospheric ozone that affects ecosystem carbon uptake, but process understanding remains incomplete. We apply a common deposition representation in atmospheric chemistry models and a multi-layer canopy model to multi-year ozone deposition observations. The multi-layer canopy model performs better on diurnal timescales compared to the common approach, leading to a substantially improved simulation of ozone deposition and vegetation ozone impact metrics.
Hélène Angot, Connor Davel, Christine Wiedinmyer, Gabrielle Pétron, Jashan Chopra, Jacques Hueber, Brendan Blanchard, Ilann Bourgeois, Isaac Vimont, Stephen A. Montzka, Ben R. Miller, James W. Elkins, and Detlev Helmig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15153–15170, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15153-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15153-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
After a multidecadal global decline in atmospheric abundance of ethane and propane (precursors of tropospheric ozone and aerosols), previous work showed a reversal of this trend in 2009–2015 in the Northern Hemisphere due to the growth in oil and natural gas production in North America. Here we show a temporary pause in the growth of atmospheric ethane and propane in 2015–2018 and highlight the critical need for additional top-down studies to further constrain ethane and propane emissions.
Johannes G. M. Barten, Laurens N. Ganzeveld, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, and Maarten C. Krol
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10229–10248, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10229-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10229-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present an evaluation of ocean and snow/ice O3 deposition in explaining observed hourly surface O3 at 25 pan-Arctic sites using an atmospheric meteorology/chemistry model. The model includes a mechanistic representation of ocean O3 deposition as a function of ocean biogeochemical and mixing conditions. The mechanistic representation agrees better with O3 observations in terms of magnitude and temporal variability especially in the High Arctic (> 70° N).
Hélène Angot, Katelyn McErlean, Lu Hu, Dylan B. Millet, Jacques Hueber, Kaixin Cui, Jacob Moss, Catherine Wielgasz, Tyler Milligan, Damien Ketcherside, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, and Detlev Helmig
Biogeosciences, 17, 6219–6236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6219-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6219-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) ambient levels and emission rates from key vegetation species in the Alaskan arctic tundra, providing a new data set to further constrain isoprene chemistry under low NOx conditions in models. We add to the growing body of evidence that climate-induced changes in the vegetation composition will significantly affect the BVOC emission potential of the tundra, with implications for atmospheric oxidation processes and climate feedbacks.
Cited articles
Altimir, N., Tuovinen, J.-P., Vesala, T., Kulmala, M., and Hari, P.:
Measurements of ozone removal by Scots pine shoots: calibration of a
stomatal uptake model including the non-stomatal component, Atmos. Environ.,
38, 2387–2398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.077, 2004.
Astier, J., Gross, I., and Durner, J.: Nitric oxide production in plants: an
update, J. Exp. Bot., 69, 3401–3411, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx420, 2017.
Bison, J. V., Cardoso-Gustavson, P., Moraes, R. M. de, Silva Pedrosa, G. da,
Cruz, L. S., Freschi, L., and Souza, S. R. de: Volatile organic compounds and
nitric oxide as responses of a Brazilian tropical species to ozone: the
emission profile of young and mature leaves, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.,
25, 3840–3848, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0744-1, 2018.
Breuninger, C., Oswald, R., Kesselmeier, J., and Meixner, F. X.: The dynamic
chamber method: trace gas exchange fluxes (NO, NO2, O3) between
plants and the atmosphere in the laboratory and in the field, Atmos. Meas.
Tech., 5, 955–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-955-2012, 2012.
Breuninger, C., Meixner, F. X., and Kesselmeier, J.: Field investigations of
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exchange between plants and the atmosphere,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 773–790, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-773-2013, 2013.
Burkhardt, J. and Eiden, R.: Thin water films on coniferous needles,
Atmos. Environ., 28, 2001–2011,
https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90469-3, 1994.
Burkhardt, J. and Hunsche, M.: Breath figures on leaf surfaces – formation
and effects of microscopic leaf wetness, Front. Plant Sci., 4, 422,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00422, 2013.
Burkholder, J. B., Sander, S. P., Abbatt, J. P. D., Barker, J. R., Huie, R. E., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Orkin, V. L., Wilmouth, D. M., and Wine, P. H.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies:
evaluation number 18, Pasadena, CA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, available at:
http://hdl.handle.net/2014/45510 (last access: 30 September 2020), 2015.
Chaparro-Suarez, I. G., Meixner, F. X., and Kesselmeier, J.: Nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) uptake by vegetation controlled by atmospheric concentrations and
plant stomatal aperture, Atmos. Environ., 45, 5742–5750,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.021, 2011.
Clifton, O. E., Fiore, A. M., Munger, J. W., and Wehr, R.: Spatiotemporal
Controls on Observed Daytime Ozone Deposition Velocity Over Northeastern
U.S. Forests During Summer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
124, 5612–5628, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029073, 2019.
Clifton, O. E., Fiore, A. M., Massman, W. J., Baublitz, C. B., Coyle, M.,
Emberson, L., Fares, S., Farmer, D. K., Gentine, P., Gerosa, G., Guenther,
A. B., Helmig, D., Lombardozzi, D. L., Munger, J. W., Patton, E. G., Pusede,
S. E., Schwede, D. B., Silva, S. J., Sörgel, M., Steiner, A. L., and Tai,
A. P. K.: Dry Deposition of Ozone Over Land: Processes, Measurement, and
Modeling, Rev. Geophys., 58, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019rg000670, 2020.
Coe, H.: Canopy scale measurements of stomatal and cuticular O3 uptake
by sitka spruce, Atmos. Environ., 29, 1413–1423,
https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00034-v, 1995.
Dawson, T. E., Burgess, S. S. O., Tu, K. P., Oliveira, R. S., Santiago, L.
S., Fisher, J. B., Simonin, K. A., and Ambrose, A. R.: Nighttime
transpiration in woody plants from contrasting ecosystems, Tree Physiol.,
27, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.4.561, 2007.
Delaria, E. R. and Cohen, R. C.: A model-based analysis of foliar NOx
deposition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2123–2141,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2123-2020, 2020.
Delaria, E. R., Vieira, M., Cremieux, J., and Cohen, R. C.: Measurements of
NO and NO2 exchange between the atmosphere and Quercus agrifolia,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14161–14173, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14161-2018,
2018.
del Río, L. A.: ROS and RNS in plant physiology: an overview, J. Exp.
Bot., 66, 2827–2837, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv099, 2015.
Fares, S., McKay, M., Holzinger, R., and Goldstein, A. H.: Ozone fluxes in a
Pinus ponderosa ecosystem are dominated by non-stomatal processes: Evidence
from long-term continuous measurements, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 150,
420–431, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.01.007, 2010.
Farnese, F. S., Oliveira, J. A., Paiva, E. A. S., Menezes-Silva, P. E.,
Silva, A. A. da, Campos, F. V., and Ribeiro, C.: The Involvement of Nitric
Oxide in Integration of Plant Physiological and Ultrastructural Adjustments
in Response to Arsenic, Front. Plant Sci., 8, 516, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00516,
2017.
Fredericksen, T. S., Joyce, B. J., Skelly, J. M., Steiner, K. C., Kolb, T.
E., Kouterick, K. B., Savage, J. E., and Snyder, K. R.: Physiology,
morphology, and ozone uptake of leaves of black cherry seedlings, saplings,
and canopy trees, Environ. Pollut., 89, 273–283,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)00077-q, 1995.
Ganzeveld, L. N., Lelieveld, J., Dentener, F. J., Krol, M. C., Bouwman, A.
J., and Roelofs, G.-J.: Global soil-biogenic NOx emissions and the role
of canopy processes, J. Geophys. Res., 107, ACH 9-1–ACH 9-17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001289,
2002.
Geßler, A., Rienks, M., and Rennenberg, H.: Stomatal uptake and cuticular
adsorption contribute to dry deposition of NH3 and NO2 to needles
of adult spruce (Picea abies) trees, New Phytol., 156, 179–194,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00509.x, 2002.
Guenther, A., Zimmerman, P., and Wildermuth, M.: Natural volatile organic
compound emission rate estimates for U.S. woodland landscapes, Atmos.
Environ., 28, 1197–1210, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90297-6, 1994.
Gut, A.: Exchange fluxes of NO2 and O3 at soil and leaf surfaces
in an Amazonian rain forest, J. Geophys. Res., 107, LBA27-1–LBA27-15,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000654, 2002.
Hanson, P. J., Rott, K., Taylor, G. E., Gunderson, C. A., lindberg, S. E.,
and Ross-Todd, B. M.: NO2 deposition to elements representative of a
forest landscape, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1783–1794,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90061-9, 1989.
Hereid, D. P. and Monson, R. K.: Nitrogen oxide fluxes between corn (Zea
mays L.) leaves and the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 35, 975–983,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00342-3, 2001.
Hu, Y., Fernádez, V., and Ma, L.: Nitrate transporters in leaves and
their potential roles in foliar uptake of nitrogen dioxide, Front. Plant
Sci., 5, 360-1–360-9, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00360, 2014.
Hubbard, R. M., Bond, B. J., and Ryan, M. G.: Evidence that hydraulic
conductance limits photosynthesis in old Pinus ponderosa trees, Tree
Physiol., 19, 165–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/19.3.165, 1999.
Jacob, D. J. and Wofsy, S. C.: Budgets of reactive nitrogen, hydrocarbons,
and ozone over the Amazon forest during the wet season, J. Geophys. Res.,
95, 16737, https://doi.org/10.1029/jd095id10p16737, 1990.
Jarvis, P. G.: The Interpretation of the Variations in Leaf Water Potential
and Stomatal Conductance Found in Canopies in the Field, Philos. Trans.
Royal Soc. B, 273, 593–610, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1976.0035, 1976.
Jud, W., Fischer, L., Canaval, E., Wohlfahrt, G., Tissier, A., and Hansel,
A.: Plant surface reactions: an opportunistic ozone defence mechanism
impacting atmospheric chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 277–292,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-277-2016, 2016.
Kavassalis, S. C. and Murphy, J. G.: Understanding ozone-meteorology
correlations: A role for dry deposition, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
44, 2922–2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl071791, 2017.
Kim, S., Guenther, A., Karl, T., and Greenberg, J.: Contributions of primary
and secondary biogenic VOC tototal OH reactivity during the CABINEX
(Community Atmosphere-Biosphere INteractions Experiments)-09 field campaign,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8613–8623,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8613-2011, 2011.
Kirkham, M. B.: Stomatal Anatomy and Stomatal Resistance, in Principles of
Soil and Plant Water Relations, Elsevier, 431–451, 2014.
Klepper, L.: Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions
from herbicide-treated soybean plants, Atmos. Environ., 13, 537–542,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(79)90148-3, 1979.
Lerdau, M. T., Munger, J. W., and Jacob, D. J.: The NO2 Flux Conundrum,
Science, 289, 2291–2293, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5488.2291, 2000.
Min, K.-E., Pusede, S. E., Browne, E. C., LaFranchi, B. W., and Cohen, R. C.:
Eddy covariance fluxes and vertical concentration gradient measurements of
NO and NO2 over a ponderosa pine ecosystem: observational evidence for
within-canopy chemical removal of NOx, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14,
5495–5512, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5495-2014, 2014.
Nave, L. E., Gough, C. M., Maurer, K. D., Bohrer, G., Hardiman, B. S.,
Moine, J. L., Munoz, A. B., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Sparks, J. P., Strahm, B.
D., Vogel, C. S., and Curtis, P. S.: Disturbance and the resilience of
coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling in a north temperate forest, J. Geophys.
Res., 116, G04016 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001758, 2011.
Niinemets, U.: Stomatal conductance alone does not explain the decline in
foliar photosynthetic rates with increasing tree age and size in Picea abies
and Pinus sylvestris, Tree Physiol., 22, 515–535,
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.8.515, 2002.
Nussbaum, S., von Ballmoos, P., Gfeller, H., Schlunegger, U. P., Fuhrer, J.,
Rhodes, D., and Brunold, C.: Incorporation of atmospheric
15NO2-nitrogen into free amino acids by Norway spruce Picea abies
(L.) Karst., Oecologia, 94, 408–414, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00317117, 1993.
Raivonen, M., Bonn, B., Josesanz, M., Vesala, T., Kulmala, M., and Hari, P.:
UV-induced NOy emissions from Scots pine: Could they originate from
photolysis of deposited HNO3?, Atmos. Environ., 40, 6201–6213,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.063, 2006.
Raivonen, M., Vesala, T., Pirjola, L., Altimir, N., Keronen, P., Kulmala, M.,
and Hari, P.: Compensation point of NOx exchange: Net result of
NOx consumption and production, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 149,
1073–1081, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.01.003, 2009.
Rondón, A. and Granat, L.: Studies on the dry deposition of NO2 to
coniferous species at low NO2 concentrations, Tellus B, 46,
339–352, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1994.t01-4-00001.x, 1994.
Rondón, A., Johansson, C., and Granat, L.: Dry deposition of nitrogen
dioxide and ozone to coniferous forests, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98,
5159–5172, https://doi.org/10.1029/92jd02335, 1993.
Ryerson, T. B., Williams, E. J., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: An efficient
photolysis system for fast-response NO2 measurements, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 105, 26447–26461, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900389, 2000.
Schäfer, K. V. R., Oren, R., and Tenhunen, J. D.: The effect of tree
height on crown level stomatal conductance, Plant Cell Environ., 23,
365–375, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00553.x, 2000.
Seok, B., Helmig, D., Ganzeveld, L., Williams, M. W., and Vogel, C. S.:
Dynamics of nitrogen oxides and ozone above and within a mixed hardwood
forest in northern Michigan, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7301–7320,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7301-2013, 2013.
Silva, S. J. and Heald, C. L.: Investigating Dry Deposition of Ozone to
Vegetation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 559–573,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027278, 2018.
Slovik, S., Siegmund, A., Fuhrer, H.-W., and Heber, U.: Stomatal uptake of
SO2, NOx and O3 by spruce crowns (Picea abies) and canopy
damage in Central Europe, New Phytol., 132, 661–676,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01884.x, 1996.
Sparks, J. P., Monson, R. K., Sparks, K. L., and Lerdau, M.: Leaf uptake of
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in a tropical wet forest: implications for
tropospheric chemistry, Oecologia, 127, 214–221,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000594, 2001.
Sun, S., Moravek, A., Trebs, I., Kesselmeier, J., and Sörgel, M.:
Investigation of the influence of liquid surface films on O3 and PAN
deposition to plant leaves coated with organic/inorganic solution, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 14239–14256,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd025519, 2016.
Thoene, B., Rennenberg, H., and Weber, P.: Absorption of atmospheric NO2
by spruce ( Picea abies) trees, II. Parameterization of NO2 fluxes by
controlled dynamic chamber experiments, New Phytol., 134, 257–266,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04630.x, 1996.
University of Michigan: Box at U-M!, available at: https://umich.box.com/v/PROPHETAMOS2016, last access: 30 September 2020.
Urban, J., Ingwers, M. W., McGuire, M. A., and Teskey, R. O.: Increase in
leaf temperature opens stomata and decouples net photosynthesis from
stomatal conductance in Pinus taeda and Populus deltoides x nigra, J. Exp.
Bot., 68, 1757–1767, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erx052, 2017a.
Urban, J., Ingwers, M., McGuire, M. A., and Teskey, R. O.: Stomatal
conductance increases with rising temperature, Plant Signal. Behav., 12,
e1356534, https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2017.1356534, 2017b.
Vallano, D. M. and Sparks, J. P.: Quantifying foliar uptake of gaseous
nitrogen dioxide using enriched foliar δ15N values, New Phytol.,
177, 946–955, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02311.x, 2008.
Velikova, V., Fares, S., and Loreto, F.: Isoprene and nitric oxide reduce
damages in leaves exposed to oxidative stress, Plant Cell Environ., 31,
1882–1894, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01893.x, 2008.
Vogel, C.: Data from AmeriFlux Tower measurement, available at: https://umich.box.com/v/PROPHETAMOS2016 (last access: 30 September 2020) 2016.
Wang, Y., Jacob, D. J., and Logan, J. A.: Global simulation of tropospheric
O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry: 1. Model formulation, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 103, 10713–10725, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00158, 1998.
Weber, P. and Rennenberg, H.: Exchange of NO and NO2 between wheat
canopy monoliths and the atmosphere, Plant Soil, 180, 197–208,
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00015303, 1996.
Weber, P., Thoene, B., and Rennenberg, H.: Absorption of Atmospheric NO2
by Spruce ( Picea abies) Trees. III. Interaction with Nitrate Reductase
Activity in the Needles and Phloem Transport, Bot. Acta, 111,
377–382, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00722.x, 1998.
Wildt, J., Kley, D., Rockel, A., Rockel, P., and Segschneider, H. J.:
Emission of NO from several higher plant species, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
102, 5919–5927, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jd02968, 1997.
Xiao, Y. and Zhu, X.-G.: Components of mesophyll resistance and their
environmental responses: A theoretical modelling analysis, Plant Cell
Environ., 40, 2729–2742, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13040, 2017.
Yienger, J. J. and Levy, H.: Empirical model of global soil-biogenic
NOx emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11447, https://doi.org/10.1029/95jd00370,
1995.
Yu, M., Lamattina, L., Spoel, S. H., and Loake, G. J.: Nitric oxide function
in plant biology: a redox cue in deconvolution, New Phytol., 202,
1142–1156, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12739, 2014.
Zhou, P., Ganzeveld, L., Rannik, Ü., Zhou, L., Gierens,
R., Taipale, D., Mammarella, I., and Boy, M.: Simulating ozone dry deposition
at a boreal forest with a multi-layer canopy deposition model, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 17, 1361–1379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1361-2017, 2017.
Short summary
Trees exchange with the atmosphere nitrogen oxides and ozone, affecting the tropospheric composition and consequently air quality and ecosystem health. We examined the leaf-level gas exchanges for four typical tree species (pine, maple, oak, aspen) found in northern Michigan, US. The leaves largely absorb the gases, showing little evidence of emission. We measured the uptake rates that can be used to improve model studies of the source and sink processes controlling these gases in forests.
Trees exchange with the atmosphere nitrogen oxides and ozone, affecting the tropospheric...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint