Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3223-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3223-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
12 Mar 2019
Review article |
| 12 Mar 2019
| 12 Mar 2019
Characteristics of the main primary source profiles of particulate matter across China from 1987 to 2017
Xiaohui Bi
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Jianhui Wu
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Qing Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Wenhui Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Ruixue Luo
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Yuan Cheng
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Jiaying Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Lu Wang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Zhuojun Yu
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Yufen Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Yingze Tian
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
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Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7001–7012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, 2024
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The determination of ions in the mass spectra of individual particles remains uncertain. We have developed a standard-free mass calibration algorithm applicable to more than 98 % of ambient particles. With our algorithm, ions with ~ 0.05 Th mass difference could be determined. Therefore, many more atmospheric species could be determined and involved in the source apportionment of aerosols, the study of chemical reaction mechanisms, and the analysis of single-particle mixing states.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
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The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Fuzhen Shen, Michaela I. Hegglin, and Yue Yuan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6539–6553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6539-2024, 2024
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We attempt to use a novel structural self-organising map and machine learning models to identify a weather system and quantify the importance of each meteorological factor in driving the unexpected PM2.5 and O3 changes under the specific weather system during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. The result highlights that temperature under the double-centre high-pressure system plays the most crucial role in abnormal events.
Wenshuai Li, Yuxuan Qi, Yingchen Liu, Guanru Wu, Yanjing Zhang, Jinhui Shi, Wenjun Qu, Lifang Sheng, Wencai Wang, Daizhou Zhang, and Yang Zhou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6495–6508, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6495-2024, 2024
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Aerosol particles from mainland can transport to oceans and deposit, providing soluble Fe and affecting phytoplankton growth. Thus, we studied the dissolution process of aerosol Fe and found that photochemistry played a key role in promoting Fe dissolution in clean conditions. RH-dependent reactions were more influential in slightly polluted conditions. These results highlight the distinct roles of two weather-related parameters (radiation and RH) in influencing geochemical cycles related to Fe.
Yanqin Ren, Zhenhai Wu, Yuanyuan Ji, Fang Bi, Junling Li, Haijie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Hong Li, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6525–6538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6525-2024, 2024
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Nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in PM2.5 were examined from an urban area in Beijing during the autumn and winter. The OPAH and NAC concentrations were much higher during heating than before heating. They majorly originated from the combustion of biomass and automobile emissions, and the secondary generation was the major contributor throughout the whole sampling period.
Marco Paglione, David C. S. Beddows, Anna Jones, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, Francesco Manarini, Mara Russo, Karam Mansour, Roy M. Harrison, Andrea Mazzanti, Emilio Tagliavini, and Manuel Dall'Osto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6305–6322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6305-2024, 2024
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Applying factor analysis techniques to H-NMR spectra, we present the organic aerosol (OA) source apportionment of PM1 samples collected in parallel at two Antarctic stations, namely Signy and Halley, allowing investigation of aerosol–climate interactions in an unperturbed atmosphere. Our results show remarkable differences between pelagic (open-ocean) and sympagic (sea-ice-influenced) air masses and indicate that various sources and processes are controlling Antarctic aerosols.
Zhichao Dong, Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, Peisen Li, Zhanjie Xu, Junjun Deng, Xueyan Zhao, Xiaomai Zhao, Pingqing Fu, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5887-2024, 2024
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Comprehensive study of optical properties of brown carbon (BrC) in fine aerosols from Tianjin, China, implied that biological emissions are major sources of BrC in summer, whereas fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning emissions are in cold periods. The direct radiation absorption caused by BrC in short wavelengths contributed about 40 % to that caused by BrC in 300–700 nm. Water-insoluble but methanol-soluble BrC contains more protein-like chromophores (PLOM) than that of water-soluble BrC.
Shan Wang, Kezheng Liao, Zijing Zhang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Qiongqiong Wang, Hanzhe Chen, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5803–5821, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5803-2024, 2024
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In this work, hourly primary and secondary organic carbon were estimated by a novel Bayesian inference approach in suburban Hong Kong. Their multi-temporal-scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes were examined. The methodology could serve as a guide for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities. The observation-based results are helpful for understanding the evolving nature of secondary organic aerosols and refining the accuracy of model simulations.
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Hong-Wei Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4331–4346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, 2024
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This study provides field-based evidence about the differential impacts of combustion of fresh and aged biomass materials on aerosol nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in different seasons in Ürümqi, bridging the linkages between the observations and previous laboratory studies showing the formation mechanisms of NOCs.
Maud Leriche, Pierre Tulet, Laurent Deguillaume, Frédéric Burnet, Aurélie Colomb, Agnès Borbon, Corinne Jambert, Valentin Duflot, Stéphan Houdier, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Pamela Dominutti, Manon Rocco, Camille Mouchel-Vallon, Samira El Gdachi, Maxence Brissy, Maroua Fathalli, Nicolas Maury, Bert Verreyken, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Valérie Gros, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mickael Ribeiro, Eric Pique, Emmanuel Leclerc, Thierry Bourrianne, Axel Roy, Eric Moulin, Joël Barrie, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Péris, Christian Guadagno, Chatrapatty Bhugwant, Jean-Mathieu Tibere, Arnaud Tournigand, Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Anne-Marie Delort, Pierre Amato, Muriel Joly, Jean-Luc Baray, Pascal Renard, Angelica Bianco, Anne Réchou, and Guillaume Payen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4129–4155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, 2024
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Aerosol particles in the atmosphere play a key role in climate change and air pollution. A large number of aerosol particles are formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs and secondary organic aerosols – SOA). An important field campaign was organized on Réunion in March–April 2019 to understand the formation of SOA in a tropical atmosphere mostly influenced by VOCs emitted by forest and in the presence of clouds. This work synthesizes the results of this campaign.
Ryan N. Farley, James E. Lee, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Alex K. Y. Lee, Rachael Dal Porto, Christopher D. Cappa, Kyle Gorkowski, Abu Sayeed Md Shawon, Katherine B. Benedict, Allison C. Aiken, Manvendra K. Dubey, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, 2024
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The black carbon aerosol composition and mixing state were characterized using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Single-particle measurements revealed the major role of atmospheric processing in modulating the black carbon mixing state. A significant fraction of soot particles were internally mixed with oxidized organic aerosol and sulfate, with implications for activation as cloud nuclei.
Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Konstantinos Granakis, Romanos Foskinis, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Fotios Tsopelas, Evangelia Diapouli, Eleni Dovrou, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Alexandros Papayannis, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-737, 2024
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PM1 chemical characterization and PMF source apportionment on the combined organic and inorganic fraction took place at the high-altitude (HAC)2 station. Cloud presence was found to reduce PM1 concentrations, affecting sulphate more than organics. Interstitial aerosol was richer in low hygroscopic organics and acidic inorganics, compared to activated. Higher relative abundance of eBC compared to the other components was revealed for FT conditions compared to PBL.
Fenghua Wei, Xing Peng, Liming Cao, Mengxue Tang, Ning Feng, Xiaofeng Huang, and Lingyan He
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-736, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-736, 2024
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The water solubility of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is a crucial factor in determining their hygroscopicity and climatic impact. Stable carbon isotope and mass spectrometry techniques were combined to assess the water solubility of SOA with different aging degrees in a coastal megacity in China. This work revealed a much higher water-soluble fraction of aged SOA compared to fresh SOA, indicating that the aging degree of SOA has considerable impacts on its water solubility.
Xinya Liu, Bas Henzing, Arjan Hensen, Jan Mulder, Peng Yao, Danielle van Dinther, Jerry van Bronckhorst, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3405–3420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, 2024
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We evaluated the time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (TOF-ACSM) following the implementation of the PM2.5 aerodynamic lens and a capture vaporizer (CV). The results showed that it significantly improved the accuracy and precision of ACSM in the field observations. The paper elucidates the measurement outcomes of various instruments and provides an analysis of their biases. This comprehensive evaluation is expected to benefit the ACSM community and other aerosol field measurements.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3349–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, 2024
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We investigate Cl− depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021 to June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl− are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none in May. Quantifying Cl− depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects it may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Yanbin Qi, Lanxiadi Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Ye Shan, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Ping Liu, Can Cui, Ji Zhang, Mingxuan Liu, Lingli Zhang, Yufei Wang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3241–3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, 2024
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Field observations were conducted at the summit of Changbai Mountain in northeast Asia. The cumulative number concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) varied from 1.6 × 10−3 to 78.3 L−1 over the temperature range of −5.5 to −29.0 ℃. Biological INPs (bio-INPs) accounted for the majority of INPs, and the proportion exceeded 90% above −13.0 ℃. Planetary boundary layer height, valley breezes, and long-distance transport of air mass influence the abundance of bio-INPs.
Cuizhi Sun, Yongyun Zhang, Baoling Liang, Min Gao, Xi Sun, Fei Li, Xue Ni, Qibin Sun, Hengjia Ou, Dexian Chen, Shengzhen Zhou, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3043–3063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, 2024
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In a May–June 2021 expedition in the South China Sea, we analyzed black and brown carbon in marine aerosols, key to light absorption and climate impact. Using advanced in situ and microscope techniques, we observed particle size, structure, and tar balls mixed with various elements. Results showed biomass burning and fossil fuels majorly influence light absorption, especially during significant burning events. This research aids the understanding of carbonaceous aerosols' role in marine climate.
Feifei Li, Shanshan Tang, Jitao Lv, Shiyang Yu, Xu Sun, Dong Cao, Yawei Wang, and Guibin Jiang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-37, 2024
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Targeted derivatization and non-targeted analysis with FT-ICR MS were used to reveal the molecular composition of carbonyl molecules in PM2.5, and the important role of carbonyls in increasing the oxidative potential of organic aerosol was found in the real samples.
C. Isabel Moreno, Radovan Krejci, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Gaëlle Uzu, Andrés Alastuey, Marcos F. Andrade, Valeria Mardóñez, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Diego Aliaga, Claudia Mohr, Laura Ticona, Fernando Velarde, Luis Blacutt, Ricardo Forno, David N. Whiteman, Alfred Wiedensohler, Patrick Ginot, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2837–2860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, 2024
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Aerosol chemical composition (ions, sugars, carbonaceous matter) from 2011 to 2020 was studied at Mt. Chacaltaya (5380 m a.s.l., Bolivian Andes). Minimum concentrations occur in the rainy season with maxima in the dry and transition seasons. The origins of the aerosol are located in a radius of hundreds of kilometers: nearby urban and rural areas, natural biogenic emissions, vegetation burning from Amazonia and Chaco, Pacific Ocean emissions, soil dust, and Peruvian volcanism.
Junke Zhang, Yunfei Su, Chunying Chen, Wenkai Guo, Qinwen Tan, Miao Feng, Danlin Song, Tao Jiang, Qiang Chen, Yuan Li, Wei Li, Yizhi Wang, Xiaojuan Huang, Lin Han, Wanqing Wu, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, 2024
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Typical haze events in Chengdu at the beginning of 2023 were investigated with bulk-chemical and single-particle analyses along with numerical model simulations. By integrating the obtained chemical composition, source, mixing state and numerical simulation results, we infer that Haze-1 was mainly caused by pollutants related to fossil fuel combustion, especially local mobile sources, while Haze-2 was triggered by the secondary pollutants, which mainly came from regional transmission.
Elena Barbaro, Matteo Feltracco, Fabrizio De Blasi, Clara Turetta, Marta Radaelli, Warren Cairns, Giulio Cozzi, Giovanna Mazzi, Marco Casula, Jacopo Gabrieli, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Gambaro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2821–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, 2024
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The study analyzed a year of atmospheric aerosol composition at Col Margherita in the Italian Alps. Over 100 chemical markers were identified, including major ions, organic compounds, and trace elements. It revealed sources of aerosol, highlighted impacts of Saharan dust events, and showed anthropogenic pollution's influence despite the site's remoteness. Enrichment factors emphasized non-natural sources of trace elements. Source apportionment identified four key factors affecting the area.
Karl Espen Yttri, Are Bäcklund, Franz Conen, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Avram Gold, Hans Gundersen, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Stephen Matthew Platt, David Simpson, Jason D. Surratt, Sönke Szidat, Martin Rauber, Kjetil Tørseth, Martin Album Ytre-Eide, Zhenfa Zhang, and Wenche Aas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2731–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, 2024
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We discuss carbonaceous aerosol (CA) observed at the high Arctic Zeppelin Observatory (2017 to 2020). We find that organic aerosol is a significant fraction of the Arctic aerosol, though less than sea salt aerosol and mineral dust, as well as non-sea-salt sulfate, originating mainly from anthropogenic sources in winter and from natural sources in summer, emphasizing the importance of wildfires for biogenic secondary organic aerosol and primary biological aerosol particles observed in the Arctic.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Ying Wang, Wei Xu, Haobin Zhong, Chunshui Lin, Wei Huang, Yifang Gu, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O’Dowd
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-573, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-573, 2024
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The chemical composition of atmospheric particles showed significant changes in recent years. We investigated the potential effects of inorganics changes on aerosol water uptake and thus secondary organic aerosol formation in wintertime haze, based on the size-resolved measurements of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM2.5) in Xi’an, Northwest China. This study highlights the key role of aerosol water as a medium to link inorganics and organics in their multiphase processes.
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, 2024
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We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and mountain environments. We do a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between the chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Jing Cai, Juha Sulo, Yifang Gu, Sebastian Holm, Runlong Cai, Steven Thomas, Almuth Neuberger, Fredrik Mattsson, Marco Paglione, Stefano Decesari, Matteo Rinaldi, Rujing Yin, Diego Aliaga, Wei Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yvette Gramlich, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Lauriane Quéléver, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Nora Zannoni, Cheng Wu, Wei Nie, Juha Kangasluoma, Claudia Mohr, Markku Kulmala, Qiaozhi Zha, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2423–2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, 2024
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By combining field measurements, simulations and recent chamber experiments, we investigate new particle formation (NPF) and growth in the Po Valley, where both haze and frequent NPF occur. Our results show that sulfuric acid, ammonia and amines are the dominant NPF precursors there. A high NPF rate and a lower condensation sink lead to a greater survival probability for newly formed particles, highlighting the importance of gas-to-particle conversion for aerosol concentrations.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-130, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-130, 2024
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In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %), were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibited the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Cassandra J. Gaston, Joseph M. Prospero, Kristen Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Lillian Custals, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, and James A. Christie
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-11, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-11, 2024
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To understand how changing emissions have impacted aerosols in remote regions, we measured nitrate and sulfate at Barbados and compared to model predictions from EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series (EQUATES). Nitrate was stable except for spikes in 2008 and 2010 due to transported smoke. Sulfate decreased in the 1990s due to reductions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the U.S. and Europe, then increased in the 2000s due to anthropogenic emissions from Africa and more efficient oxidation of SO2.
Mikko Heikkilä, Krista Luoma, Timo Mäkelä, and Tiia Grönholm
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2823, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2823, 2024
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Black carbon (BC) concentration was measured from 211 ship exhaust gas plumes at a remote marine station. Emission factors of BC were calculated in grams/kilograms fuel. Ships using exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS) were found to emit 80 % less BC than ships without EGCS. Emission factors were used to model BC emissions as a function of speed to define the effect of speed reduction. BC emissions increased with a decrease in speed from the ship’s service speed.
Kaori Kawana, Fumikazu Taketani, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yutaka Tobo, Yoko Iwamoto, Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, 2024
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Based on comprehensive shipborne observations, we found strong links between sea-surface biological materials and the formation of atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea during autumn 2019. Taking the wind-speed effect into account, we propose equations to approximate the links for this cruise, which can be used as a guide for modeling as well as for systematic comparisons with other observations.
Chen He, Hanxiong Che, Zier Bao, Yiliang Liu, Qing Li, Miao Hu, Jiawei Zhou, Shumin Zhang, Xiaojiang Yao, Quan Shi, Chunmao Chen, Yan Han, Lingshuo Meng, Xin Long, Fumo Yang, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, 2024
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We examined the daily evolution of high molecular-weight organic compounds with a molecular weight of up to 1000 Da in order to comprehend their behaviors in the atmosphere under actual conditions. These compounds were proven to undergo multi-generation oxidation, carboxylation, and nitrification via both day- and nighttime chemistry.
Karine Desboeufs, Paola Formenti, Raquel Torres-Sánchez, Kerstin Schepanski, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Hendrik Andersen, Jan Cermak, Stefanie Feuerstein, Benoit Laurent, Danitza Klopper, Andreas Namwoonde, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Anaïs Feron, Cécile Mirande-Bret, Sylvain Triquet, and Stuart J. Piketh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1525–1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, 2024
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This study investigates the fractional solubility of iron (Fe) in dust particles along the coast of Namibia, a critical region for the atmospheric Fe supply of the South Atlantic Ocean. Our results suggest a possible two-way interplay whereby marine biogenic emissions from the coastal marine ecosystems into the atmosphere would increase the solubility of Fe-bearing dust by photo-reduction processes. The subsequent deposition of soluble Fe could act to further enhance marine biogenic emissions.
Sunhye Kim, Jo Machesky, Drew R. Gentner, and Albert A. Presto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1281–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, 2024
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Cooking emissions are often an overlooked source of air pollution. We used a mobile lab to measure the characteristics of particles emitted from cooking sites in two cities. Our findings showed that cooking releases a substantial number of fine particles. While most emissions were similar, a bakery site showed distinctive chemical compositions with higher nitrogen compound levels. Thus, understanding the particle emissions from different cooking activities is crucial.
Nansi Fakhri, Robin Stevens, Arnold Downey, Konstantina Oikonomou, Jean Sciare, Charbel Afif, and Patrick L. Hayes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1193–1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, 2024
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We investigated the chemical composition of atmospheric fine particles, their emission sources, and the potential human health risk associated with trace elements in particles for an urban site in Montréal over a 3-month period (August–November). This study represents the first time that such extensive composition measurements were included in an urban source apportionment study in Canada, and it provides greater resolution of fine-particle sources than has been previously achieved in Canada.
Hanjin Yoo, Li Wu, Hong Geng, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 853–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, 2024
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We conducted an investigation of atmospheric aerosols collected in Seoul, South Korea, during the KORUS-AQ campaign on a single-particle basis. We were able to identify their sources, the atmospheric fate, and the impacts of local emissions and long-range transport on aerosol composition. Additionally, we traced potential sources of non-exhaust heavy-metal particles. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of urban aerosols.
Eric Schneider, Hendryk Czech, Olga Popovicheva, Marina Chichaeva, Vasily Kobelev, Nikolay Kasimov, Tatiana Minkina, Christopher Paul Rüger, and Ralf Zimmermann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 553–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, 2024
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This study provides insights into the complex chemical composition of long-range-transported wildfire plumes from Yakutia, which underwent different levels of atmospheric processing. With complementary mass spectrometric techniques, we improve our understanding of the chemical processes and atmospheric fate of wildfire plumes. Unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosols crossed the polar circle with implications for the Arctic ecosystem and consequently climate.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shuhui Zhu, Shan Wang, Cheng Huang, Yusen Duan, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, 2024
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We investigated short-term source apportionment of PM2.5 utilizing rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) and online PM chemical speciation data, which included source-specific organic tracers collected over a period of 37 d during the winter of 2019–2020 in suburban Shanghai, China. The findings highlight that by imposing constraints on the primary source profiles, short-term PMF analysis successfully replicated both the individual primary sources and the total secondary sources.
Jiyuan Yang, Guoyang Lei, Jinfeng Zhu, Yutong Wu, Chang Liu, Kai Hu, Junsong Bao, Zitong Zhang, Weili Lin, and Jun Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 123–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, 2024
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The atmospheric pollution and formation mechanisms of particulate-bound alkyl nitrate in Beijing were studied. C9–C16 long-chain n-alkyl nitrates negatively correlated with O3 but positively correlated with PM2.5 and NO2, so they may not be produced during gas-phase homogeneous reactions in the photochemical process but form through reactions between alkanes and nitrates on PM surfaces. Particulate-bound n-alkyl nitrates strongly affect both haze pollution and atmospheric visibility.
Yuanyuan Qin, Xinghua Zhang, Wei Huang, Juanjuan Qin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Zhang, Jihua Tan, Ziyin Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Zhenzhen Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2703, 2024
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Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an active role in the atmosphere. We quantified the impact of control measures on EPFRs and ROS and found that strict control measures have effectively reduced their emissions, largely linked to a significant decrease in secondary aerosols. Our findings have great implications for further understanding the formation and sources and for developing future air quality management policies targeting EPFRs and ROS.
Lisa Azzarello, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Michael A. Robinson, Alessandro Franchin, Caroline C. Womack, Christopher D. Holmes, Steven S. Brown, Ann Middlebrook, Tim Newberger, Colm Sweeney, and Cora J. Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15643–15654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, 2023
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We present a molecular size-resolved offline analysis of water-soluble brown carbon collected on an aircraft during FIREX-AQ. The smoke plumes were aged 0 to 5 h, where absorption was dominated by small molecular weight molecules, brown carbon absorption downwind did not consistently decrease, and the measurements differed from online absorption measurements of the same samples. We show how differences between online and offline absorption could be related to different measurement conditions.
Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Markus Hartmann, Moritz Zeising, Astrid Bracher, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15561–15587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, 2023
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Marine carbohydrates are produced in the surface of the ocean, enter the atmophere as part of sea spray aerosol particles, and potentially contribute to the formation of fog and clouds. Here, we present the results of a sea–air transfer study of marine carbohydrates conducted in the high Arctic. Besides a chemo-selective transfer, we observed a quick atmospheric aging of carbohydrates, possibly as a result of both biotic and abiotic processes.
Xing Wei, Yanjie Shen, Xiao-Ying Yu, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Ming Chu, Yujiao Zhu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15325–15350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, 2023
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We investigate the contribution of grown new particles to Nccn at a rural mountain site in the North China Plain. The total particle number concentrations (Ncn) observed on 8 new particle formation (NPF) days were higher compared to non-NPF days. The Nccn at 0.2 % supersaturation (SS) and 0.4 % SS on the NPF days was significantly lower than on non-NPF days. Only one of eight NPF events had detectable net contributions to Nccn at 0.4 % SS and 1.0 % SS with increased κ values.
Yuquan Gong, Ru-Jin Huang, Lu Yang, Ting Wang, Wei Yuan, Wei Xu, Wenjuan Cao, Yang Wang, and Yongjie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15197–15207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, 2023
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This study reveals the large day–night differences in brown carbon (BrC) chromophore composition, which was not known previously. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on BrC composition.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyang Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2684, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2684, 2023
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We investigated aerosol composition, sources, and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more-oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less-oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Ryan N. Farley, Sonya Collier, Christopher D. Cappa, Leah R. Williams, Timothy B. Onasch, Lynn M. Russell, Hwajin Kim, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15039–15056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, 2023
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Soot particles, also known as black carbon (BC), have important implications for global climate and regional air quality. After the particles are emitted, BC can be coated with other material, impacting the aerosol properties. We selectively measured the composition of particles containing BC to explore their sources and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. We focus on a persistent, multiday fog event in order to study the effects of chemical reactions occurring within liquid droplets.
Yuan Dai, Junfeng Wang, Houjun Wang, Shijie Cui, Yunjiang Zhang, Haiwei Li, Yun Wu, Ming Wang, Eleonora Aruffo, and Xinlei Ge
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2454, 2023
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Short-term strict emission control can improve air quality but the effectiveness requires assessment. During 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in Yangzhou, we showed that the PM2.5 level did not decrease with decrease of gaseous pollutants as aged black carbon-containing particles increased substantially, due to enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity and high relative humidity. The results highlights the importance of a regionally balanced control strategy for future air quality management.
Xiaoxiao Li, Yijing Chen, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Yiran Li, Chenjuan Deng, Jin Wu, Chao Yan, Hairong Cheng, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Jiming Hao, James N. Smith, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14801–14812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, 2023
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Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban Beijing. Vehicle and cooking emissions and new particle formation are the main sources of UFPs, and aqueous/heterogeneous processes increase UFP mode diameters. UFPs are the highest in winter due to the highest primary particle emission rates and new particle formation rates, and CHO fractions are the highest in summer due to the strongest photooxidation.
Jiaqi Wang, Jian Gao, Fei Che, Xin Yang, Yuanqin Yang, Lei Liu, Yan Xiang, and Haisheng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14715–14733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, 2023
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Regional-scale observations of surface O3, PM2.5 and its major chemical species, mixing layer height (MLH), and other meteorological parameters were made in the North China Plain during summer. Unlike the cold season, synchronized increases in MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 under medium MLH conditions have been witnessed. The increasing trend of PM2.5 was associated with enhanced secondary chemical formation. The correlation between MLH and secondary air pollutants should be treated with care in hot seasons.
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
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This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
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This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
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Short summary
Source profiles are of great importance for the application of receptor models in source apportionment studies, as they characterize specific sources from a chemical point of view, revealing the signatures of source emissions. Here, a total of 3326 chemical profiles of the main primary sources across China from 1987 to 2017 are reviewed. The results highlight the urgent need for increased investigation of more specific markers beyond routinely measured components to better discriminate sources.
Source profiles are of great importance for the application of receptor models in source...
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