Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3223-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3223-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
12 Mar 2019
Review article |
| 12 Mar 2019
| 12 Mar 2019
Characteristics of the main primary source profiles of particulate matter across China from 1987 to 2017
Xiaohui Bi
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Jianhui Wu
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Qing Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Wenhui Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Ruixue Luo
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Yuan Cheng
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Jiaying Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Lu Wang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Zhuojun Yu
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Yufen Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Yingze Tian
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air
Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350,
China
Related authors
Zhongwei Luo, Yan Han, Kun Hua, Yufen Zhang, Jianhui Wu, Xiaohui Bi, Qili Dai, Baoshuang Liu, Yang Chen, Xin Long, and Yinchang Feng
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6757–6771, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how the variation in the source profiles adopted in chemical transport models (CTMs) impacts the simulated results of chemical components in PM2.5 based on sensitivity analysis. The impact on PM2.5 components cannot be ignored, and its influence can be transmitted and linked between components. The representativeness and timeliness of the source profile should be paid adequate attention in air quality simulation.
Qili Dai, Benjamin C. Schulze, Xiaohui Bi, Alexander A. T. Bui, Fangzhou Guo, Henry W. Wallace, Nancy P. Sanchez, James H. Flynn, Barry L. Lefer, Yinchang Feng, and Robert J. Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9641–9661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9641-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9641-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The formation processes of secondary organic aerosol remain to be fully understood. We reported the measurement data from two field campaigns within Houston, TX, to investigate the effects of aqueous-phase chemistry and photochemistry in processing oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) in winter and summer. Both photochemistry and aqueous-phase processing appear to facilitate more-oxidized OOA formation. The processing mechanism of less-oxidized OOA apparently depended on relative humidity.
S. Han, Y. Zhang, J. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Tian, Y. Wang, J. Ding, W. Yan, X. Bi, G. Shi, Z. Cai, Q. Yao, H. Huang, and Y. Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11165–11177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11165-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11165-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
It is crucial for studying regional-scale PM pollution and for the development of efficient joint control policy to improve understanding of the regional background PM concentration. Based on the vertical variation periodic characteristics of particle mass concentration, the atmospheric boundary layer structure, as well as the vertical distribution of chemical composition and pollution source apportionment, a method to estimate regional background PM concentration is proposed.
Baoshuang Liu, Yao Gu, Yutong Wu, Qili Dai, Shaojie Song, Yinchang Feng, and Philip K. Hopke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-916, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-916, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Reactive loss of VOCs is a long-term issue yet to be resolved in VOC source analyses. This review assesses the common methods and existing issues of reducing losses, impacts of losses, and sources in current source analyses. We provided a potential supporting role in solving the issues of VOC conversion. Source analyses of consumed VOCs produced by reactions for O3 and secondary organic aerosols can play an important role in effective prevention and control of atmospheric secondary pollution.
Haoqi Wang, Xiao Tian, Wanting Zhao, Jiacheng Li, Haoyu Yu, Yinchang Feng, and Shaojie Song
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-479, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-479, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
pH is a key property of ambient aerosols affecting many atmospheric processes. As aerosol pH is a non-conservative parameter, diverse averaging metrics and temporal resolutions may influence its calculation results from thermodynamic models. This technical note seeks to quantitatively evaluate the average pH using varied metrics and resolutions. The ultimate goal is to establish standardized reporting practices in future research endeavors.
Zhongwei Luo, Yan Han, Kun Hua, Yufen Zhang, Jianhui Wu, Xiaohui Bi, Qili Dai, Baoshuang Liu, Yang Chen, Xin Long, and Yinchang Feng
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6757–6771, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how the variation in the source profiles adopted in chemical transport models (CTMs) impacts the simulated results of chemical components in PM2.5 based on sensitivity analysis. The impact on PM2.5 components cannot be ignored, and its influence can be transmitted and linked between components. The representativeness and timeliness of the source profile should be paid adequate attention in air quality simulation.
Baoshuang Liu, Yanyang Wang, He Meng, Qili Dai, Liuli Diao, Jianhui Wu, Laiyuan Shi, Jing Wang, Yufen Zhang, and Yinchang Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8597–8615, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8597-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8597-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding effectiveness of air pollution regulatory measures is critical for control policy. Machine learning and dispersion-normalized approaches were applied to decouple meteorologically deduced variations in Qingdao, China. Most pollutant concentrations decreased substantially after the Clean Air Action Plan. The largest emission reduction was from coal combustion and steel-related smelting. Qingdao is at risk of increased emissions from increased vehicular population and ozone pollution.
Xinyao Feng, Yingze Tian, Qianqian Xue, Danlin Song, Fengxia Huang, and Yinchang Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16219–16235, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16219-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16219-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study focused on PM2.5 compositions and sources and explored their spatiotemporal and policy-related variations based on observation at 19 sites during wintertime of 2015–2019 in a fast-developing megacity. We found that PM2.5 compositions for the outermost zone in 2019 were similar to those for the core zone 2 or 3 years ago. Percentage contributions of coal and biomass combustion dramatically declined in the core zone, while the traffic source showed an increasing trend.
Yingze Tian, Yinchang Feng, Yongli Liang, Yixuan Li, Qianqian Xue, Zongbo Shi, Jingsha Xu, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-507, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Size distributions of inorganic and organic components in particulate matter (PM) can provide critical information on sources and pollution processes. Ions, elements, carbon fractions, n-alkanes, PAHs, hopanes and steranes in size-resolved PM were analyzed during one year in a northern Chinese megacity. Results reveal that size distributions of inorganic and organic aerosol components are dependent on seasons and pollution levels as a result of differing sources and physicochemical processes.
Ruihe Lyu, Zongbo Shi, Mohammed Salim Alam, Xuefang Wu, Di Liu, Tuan V. Vu, Christopher Stark, Pingqing Fu, Yinchang Feng, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10865–10881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10865-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10865-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Severe pollution of the Beijing atmosphere is a frequent occurrence. The airborne particles which characterize the episodes of haze contain a wide range of chemical constituents but organic compounds make up a substantial proportion. In this study individual compounds are analysed under both haze and non-haze conditions, and the measurements are compared with samples collected in London, where the air pollution climate and sources are very different.
Qili Dai, Benjamin C. Schulze, Xiaohui Bi, Alexander A. T. Bui, Fangzhou Guo, Henry W. Wallace, Nancy P. Sanchez, James H. Flynn, Barry L. Lefer, Yinchang Feng, and Robert J. Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9641–9661, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9641-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9641-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The formation processes of secondary organic aerosol remain to be fully understood. We reported the measurement data from two field campaigns within Houston, TX, to investigate the effects of aqueous-phase chemistry and photochemistry in processing oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) in winter and summer. Both photochemistry and aqueous-phase processing appear to facilitate more-oxidized OOA formation. The processing mechanism of less-oxidized OOA apparently depended on relative humidity.
Jing Ding, Pusheng Zhao, Jie Su, Qun Dong, Xiang Du, and Yufen Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7939–7954, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7939-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7939-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol acidity plays a key role in secondary aerosol formation. To provide a more comprehensive reference for aerosol pH and a basis for controlling secondary aerosol generation, this study used the latest data covering four seasons and different particle sizes to obtain the characteristics of aerosol pH and explore the main factors affecting aerosol pH and gas–particle partitioning in the Beijing area.
Ruihe Lyu, Mohammed S. Alam, Christopher Stark, Ruixin Xu, Zongbo Shi, Yinchang Feng, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2233–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2233-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Organic matter comprises a substantial proportion of the mass of toxic airborne particles which cause poor health and premature death. In this paper, new measurements of three important groups of organic compounds are reported and are analysed to infer their sources and their contributions to airborne particle concentrations.
Benjamin C. Schulze, Henry W. Wallace, Alexander T. Bui, James H. Flynn, Matt H. Erickson, Sergio Alvarez, Qili Dai, Sascha Usenko, Rebecca J. Sheesley, and Robert J. Griffin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14217–14241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14217-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14217-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric field measurements at a coastal site near Houston, TX, were used to investigate the influence of shipping vessel emissions on aerosol mass and composition over the Gulf of Mexico. Results suggest that, despite recent regulations, these vessels still produce a considerable fraction of inorganic and organic aerosol mass in the region. Secondary effects of shipping emissions on organic aerosol composition, such as influences on aerosol aging, were also identified.
Congbo Song, Yan Liu, Shida Sun, Luna Sun, Yanjie Zhang, Chao Ma, Jianfei Peng, Qian Li, Jinsheng Zhang, Qili Dai, Baoshuang Liu, Peng Wang, Yi Zhang, Ting Wang, Lin Wu, Min Hu, and Hongjun Mao
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-387, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-387, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Vehicular emission is a key contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx in Chinese megacities. Information on real-world emission factors (EFs) for a typical urban fleet is still limited. We found that improvement of fuel quality can significantly reduce feet-average EFs of VOCs (especially for BTEX). Our study provided implications for O3 control in China from the view of primary emission, and highlighted the importance of further control of evaporative emissions.
Baoshuang Liu, Yuan Cheng, Ming Zhou, Danni Liang, Qili Dai, Lu Wang, Wei Jin, Lingzhi Zhang, Yibin Ren, Jingbo Zhou, Chunling Dai, Jiao Xu, Jiao Wang, Yinchang Feng, and Yufen Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7019–7039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7019-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7019-2018, 2018
Xing Peng, Jian Gao, Guoliang Shi, Xurong Shi, Yanqi Huangfu, Jiayuan Liu, Yuechong Zhang, Yinchang Feng, Wei Wang, Ruoyu Ma, Cesunica E. Ivey, and Yi Deng
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-997, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
A finding here is that source emission dominates the level of pollutants and short-term meteorological condition determines the variation of pollutants. Primary source impact levels are mainly influenced by source emissions, and secondary source impact levels are mainly influenced by synoptic scale fluctuations and source emissions. The implications of results are for source apportionment analyses conducted with data from different geographical locations and under various weather conditions.
S. Han, Y. Zhang, J. Wu, X. Zhang, Y. Tian, Y. Wang, J. Ding, W. Yan, X. Bi, G. Shi, Z. Cai, Q. Yao, H. Huang, and Y. Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11165–11177, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11165-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11165-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
It is crucial for studying regional-scale PM pollution and for the development of efficient joint control policy to improve understanding of the regional background PM concentration. Based on the vertical variation periodic characteristics of particle mass concentration, the atmospheric boundary layer structure, as well as the vertical distribution of chemical composition and pollution source apportionment, a method to estimate regional background PM concentration is proposed.
Y. Z. Tian, J. Wang, X. Peng, G. L. Shi, and Y. C. Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9469–9479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9469-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9469-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Measurement report: Characteristics of nitrogen-containing organics in PM2.5 in Ürümqi, northwestern China – differential impacts of combustion of fresh and aged biomass materials
Measurement report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign
Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign
Measurement report: Evaluation of the TOF-ACSM-CV for PM1.0 and PM2.5 measurements during the RITA-2021 field campaign
Sea salt reactivity over the northwest Atlantic: an in-depth look using the airborne ACTIVATE dataset
Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia
Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea
Tropical tropospheric aerosol sources and chemical composition observed at high altitude in the Bolivian Andes
Chemical composition, sources and formation mechanism of urban PM2.5 in Southwest China: a case study at the beginning of 2023
Chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols at a high-altitude mountain site: a study of source apportionment
Composition and sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the European Arctic at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard (2017 to 2020)
Variation in chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol in different rural, urban, and mountain environments
Elucidating the mechanisms of atmospheric new particle formation in the highly polluted Po Valley, Italy
Roles of marine biota in the formation of atmospheric bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and Arctic Ocean
Evolution of nucleophilic high molecular-weight organic compounds in ambient aerosols: a case study
Fractional solubility of iron in mineral dust aerosols over coastal Namibia: a link to marine biogenic emissions?
Real-world observations of reduced nitrogen and ultrafine particles in commercial cooking organic aerosol emissions
Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Montréal, Canada, and health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements
Physicochemical and temporal characteristics of individual atmospheric aerosol particles in urban Seoul during KORUS-AQ campaign: insights from single-particle analysis
Mass spectrometric analysis of unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosol particles long-range transported from wildfires in the Siberian Arctic
Short-term source apportionment of fine particulate matter with time-dependent profiles using SoFi Pro: exploring the reliability of rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to bihourly molecular and elemental tracer data
Particulate-bound alkyl nitrate pollution and formation mechanisms in Beijing, China
Non-negligible secondary contribution to brown carbon in autumn and winter: inspiration from particulate nitrated and oxygenated aromatic compounds in urban Beijing
Characterization of water-soluble brown carbon chromophores from wildfire plumes in the western USA using size-exclusion chromatography
Marine carbohydrates in Arctic aerosol particles and fog – diversity of oceanic sources and atmospheric transformations
Investigating the contribution of grown new particles to cloud condensation nuclei with largely varying preexisting particles – Part 1: Observational data analysis
Measurement report: Brown carbon aerosol in polluted urban air of the North China Plain – day–night differences in the chromophores and optical properties
Source apportionment of soot particles and aqueous-phase processing of black carbon coatings in an urban environment
Daytime and nighttime aerosol soluble iron formation in clean and slightly-polluted moisture air in a coastal city in eastern China
Impact of Weather Patterns and Meteorological Factors on PM2.5 and O3 during the Covid-19 Lockdown in China
Seasonal variations in composition and sources of atmospheric ultrafine particles in urban Beijing based on near-continuous measurements
Summertime response of ozone and fine particulate matter to mixing layer meteorology over the North China Plain
Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment
Measurement Report: Investigation on the sources and formation processes of dicarboxylic acids and related species in urban aerosols before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jinan, East China
pH dependence of brown-carbon optical properties in cloud water
Oxidative potential in rural, suburban and city centre atmospheric environments in central Europe
Secondary aerosol formation during a special dust transport event: impacts from unusually enhanced ozone and dust backflows over the ocean
Intra-event evolution of elemental and ionic concentrations in wet deposition in an urban environment
Spatial and diurnal variations of aerosol organosulfates in summertime Shanghai, China: potential influence of photochemical processes and anthropogenic sulfate pollution
Bayesian Inference-Based Estimation of Hourly Primary and Secondary Organic Carbon at Suburban Hong Kong: Multi-temporal Scale Variations and Evolution Characteristics during PM2.5 episodes
Simultaneous organic aerosol source apportionment at two Antarctic sites reveals large-scale and eco-region specific components
Characterizing water-soluble brown carbon in fine particles in four typical cities in northwestern China during wintertime: integrating optical properties with chemical processes
Chemical composition-dependent hygroscopic behavior of individual ambient aerosol particles collected at a coastal site
Gas–particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds when wildfire smoke comes to town
Enrichment of calcium in sea spray aerosol: insights from bulk measurements and individual particle analysis during the R/V Xuelong cruise in the summertime in Ross Sea, Antarctica
Source apportionment study on particulate air pollution in two high-altitude Bolivian cities: La Paz and El Alto
Morphological features and water solubility of iron in aged fine aerosol particles over the Indian Ocean
What chemical species are responsible for new particle formation and growth in the Netherlands? A hybrid positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis using aerosol composition (ACSM) and size (SMPS)
Measurement report: Stoichiometry of dissolved iron and aluminum as an indicator of the factors controlling the fractional solubility of aerosol iron – results of the annual observations of size-fractionated aerosol particles in Japan
In-depth study of the formation processes of single atmospheric particles in the south-eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Hong-Wei Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4331–4346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides field-based evidence about the differential impacts of combustion of fresh and aged biomass materials on aerosol nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in different seasons in Ürümqi, bridging the linkages between the observations and previous laboratory studies showing the formation mechanisms of NOCs.
Maud Leriche, Pierre Tulet, Laurent Deguillaume, Frédéric Burnet, Aurélie Colomb, Agnès Borbon, Corinne Jambert, Valentin Duflot, Stéphan Houdier, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Mickaël Vaïtilingom, Pamela Dominutti, Manon Rocco, Camille Mouchel-Vallon, Samira El Gdachi, Maxence Brissy, Maroua Fathalli, Nicolas Maury, Bert Verreyken, Crist Amelynck, Niels Schoon, Valérie Gros, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mickael Ribeiro, Eric Pique, Emmanuel Leclerc, Thierry Bourrianne, Axel Roy, Eric Moulin, Joël Barrie, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Péris, Christian Guadagno, Chatrapatty Bhugwant, Jean-Mathieu Tibere, Arnaud Tournigand, Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Anne-Marie Delort, Pierre Amato, Muriel Joly, Jean-Luc Baray, Pascal Renard, Angelica Bianco, Anne Réchou, and Guillaume Payen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4129–4155, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles in the atmosphere play a key role in climate change and air pollution. A large number of aerosol particles are formed from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs and secondary organic aerosols – SOA). An important field campaign was organized on Réunion in March–April 2019 to understand the formation of SOA in a tropical atmosphere mostly influenced by VOCs emitted by forest and in the presence of clouds. This work synthesizes the results of this campaign.
Ryan N. Farley, James E. Lee, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Alex K. Y. Lee, Rachael Dal Porto, Christopher D. Cappa, Kyle Gorkowski, Abu Sayeed Md Shawon, Katherine B. Benedict, Allison C. Aiken, Manvendra K. Dubey, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The black carbon aerosol composition and mixing state were characterized using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Single-particle measurements revealed the major role of atmospheric processing in modulating the black carbon mixing state. A significant fraction of soot particles were internally mixed with oxidized organic aerosol and sulfate, with implications for activation as cloud nuclei.
Xinya Liu, Bas Henzing, Arjan Hensen, Jan Mulder, Peng Yao, Danielle van Dinther, Jerry van Bronckhorst, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3405–3420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (TOF-ACSM) following the implementation of the PM2.5 aerodynamic lens and a capture vaporizer (CV). The results showed that it significantly improved the accuracy and precision of ACSM in the field observations. The paper elucidates the measurement outcomes of various instruments and provides an analysis of their biases. This comprehensive evaluation is expected to benefit the ACSM community and other aerosol field measurements.
Eva-Lou Edwards, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Claire E. Robinson, Michael A. Shook, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3349–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate Cl− depletion in sea salt particles over the northwest Atlantic from December 2021 to June 2022 using an airborne dataset. Losses of Cl− are greatest in May and least in December–February and March. Inorganic acidic species can account for all depletion observed for December–February, March, and June near Bermuda but none in May. Quantifying Cl− depletion as a percentage captures seasonal trends in depletion but fails to convey the effects it may have on atmospheric oxidation.
Yue Sun, Yujiao Zhu, Yanbin Qi, Lanxiadi Chen, Jiangshan Mu, Ye Shan, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Ping Liu, Can Cui, Ji Zhang, Mingxuan Liu, Lingli Zhang, Yufei Wang, Xinfeng Wang, Mingjin Tang, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3241–3256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3241-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field observations were conducted at the summit of Changbai Mountain in northeast Asia. The cumulative number concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) varied from 1.6 × 10−3 to 78.3 L−1 over the temperature range of −5.5 to −29.0 ℃. Biological INPs (bio-INPs) accounted for the majority of INPs, and the proportion exceeded 90% above −13.0 ℃. Planetary boundary layer height, valley breezes, and long-distance transport of air mass influence the abundance of bio-INPs.
Cuizhi Sun, Yongyun Zhang, Baoling Liang, Min Gao, Xi Sun, Fei Li, Xue Ni, Qibin Sun, Hengjia Ou, Dexian Chen, Shengzhen Zhou, and Jun Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3043–3063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3043-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a May–June 2021 expedition in the South China Sea, we analyzed black and brown carbon in marine aerosols, key to light absorption and climate impact. Using advanced in situ and microscope techniques, we observed particle size, structure, and tar balls mixed with various elements. Results showed biomass burning and fossil fuels majorly influence light absorption, especially during significant burning events. This research aids the understanding of carbonaceous aerosols' role in marine climate.
C. Isabel Moreno, Radovan Krejci, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Gaëlle Uzu, Andrés Alastuey, Marcos F. Andrade, Valeria Mardóñez, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Diego Aliaga, Claudia Mohr, Laura Ticona, Fernando Velarde, Luis Blacutt, Ricardo Forno, David N. Whiteman, Alfred Wiedensohler, Patrick Ginot, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2837–2860, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol chemical composition (ions, sugars, carbonaceous matter) from 2011 to 2020 was studied at Mt. Chacaltaya (5380 m a.s.l., Bolivian Andes). Minimum concentrations occur in the rainy season with maxima in the dry and transition seasons. The origins of the aerosol are located in a radius of hundreds of kilometers: nearby urban and rural areas, natural biogenic emissions, vegetation burning from Amazonia and Chaco, Pacific Ocean emissions, soil dust, and Peruvian volcanism.
Junke Zhang, Yunfei Su, Chunying Chen, Wenkai Guo, Qinwen Tan, Miao Feng, Danlin Song, Tao Jiang, Qiang Chen, Yuan Li, Wei Li, Yizhi Wang, Xiaojuan Huang, Lin Han, Wanqing Wu, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2803–2820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Typical haze events in Chengdu at the beginning of 2023 were investigated with bulk-chemical and single-particle analyses along with numerical model simulations. By integrating the obtained chemical composition, source, mixing state and numerical simulation results, we infer that Haze-1 was mainly caused by pollutants related to fossil fuel combustion, especially local mobile sources, while Haze-2 was triggered by the secondary pollutants, which mainly came from regional transmission.
Elena Barbaro, Matteo Feltracco, Fabrizio De Blasi, Clara Turetta, Marta Radaelli, Warren Cairns, Giulio Cozzi, Giovanna Mazzi, Marco Casula, Jacopo Gabrieli, Carlo Barbante, and Andrea Gambaro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2821–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2821-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study analyzed a year of atmospheric aerosol composition at Col Margherita in the Italian Alps. Over 100 chemical markers were identified, including major ions, organic compounds, and trace elements. It revealed sources of aerosol, highlighted impacts of Saharan dust events, and showed anthropogenic pollution's influence despite the site's remoteness. Enrichment factors emphasized non-natural sources of trace elements. Source apportionment identified four key factors affecting the area.
Karl Espen Yttri, Are Bäcklund, Franz Conen, Sabine Eckhardt, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Markus Fiebig, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Avram Gold, Hans Gundersen, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Stephen Matthew Platt, David Simpson, Jason D. Surratt, Sönke Szidat, Martin Rauber, Kjetil Tørseth, Martin Album Ytre-Eide, Zhenfa Zhang, and Wenche Aas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2731–2758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss carbonaceous aerosol (CA) observed at the high Arctic Zeppelin Observatory (2017 to 2020). We find that organic aerosol is a significant fraction of the Arctic aerosol, though less than sea salt aerosol and mineral dust, as well as non-sea-salt sulfate, originating mainly from anthropogenic sources in winter and from natural sources in summer, emphasizing the importance of wildfires for biogenic secondary organic aerosol and primary biological aerosol particles observed in the Arctic.
Wei Huang, Cheng Wu, Linyu Gao, Yvette Gramlich, Sophie L. Haslett, Joel Thornton, Felipe D. Lopez-Hilfiker, Ben H. Lee, Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Dilip Ganguly, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Siegfried Schobesberger, Taina Yli-Juuti, and Claudia Mohr
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2607-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present distinct molecular composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different rural, urban, and mountain environments. We do a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between the chemical composition and volatility of oxygenated organic aerosol particles across different systems and environments. This study provides implications for volatility descriptions of oxygenated organic aerosol particles in different model frameworks.
Jing Cai, Juha Sulo, Yifang Gu, Sebastian Holm, Runlong Cai, Steven Thomas, Almuth Neuberger, Fredrik Mattsson, Marco Paglione, Stefano Decesari, Matteo Rinaldi, Rujing Yin, Diego Aliaga, Wei Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Yvette Gramlich, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Lauriane Quéléver, Nina Sarnela, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Nora Zannoni, Cheng Wu, Wei Nie, Juha Kangasluoma, Claudia Mohr, Markku Kulmala, Qiaozhi Zha, Dominik Stolzenburg, and Federico Bianchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2423–2441, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2423-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By combining field measurements, simulations and recent chamber experiments, we investigate new particle formation (NPF) and growth in the Po Valley, where both haze and frequent NPF occur. Our results show that sulfuric acid, ammonia and amines are the dominant NPF precursors there. A high NPF rate and a lower condensation sink lead to a greater survival probability for newly formed particles, highlighting the importance of gas-to-particle conversion for aerosol concentrations.
Kaori Kawana, Fumikazu Taketani, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yutaka Tobo, Yoko Iwamoto, Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1777–1799, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1777-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on comprehensive shipborne observations, we found strong links between sea-surface biological materials and the formation of atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosols, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice-nucleating particles over the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea during autumn 2019. Taking the wind-speed effect into account, we propose equations to approximate the links for this cruise, which can be used as a guide for modeling as well as for systematic comparisons with other observations.
Chen He, Hanxiong Che, Zier Bao, Yiliang Liu, Qing Li, Miao Hu, Jiawei Zhou, Shumin Zhang, Xiaojiang Yao, Quan Shi, Chunmao Chen, Yan Han, Lingshuo Meng, Xin Long, Fumo Yang, and Yang Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the daily evolution of high molecular-weight organic compounds with a molecular weight of up to 1000 Da in order to comprehend their behaviors in the atmosphere under actual conditions. These compounds were proven to undergo multi-generation oxidation, carboxylation, and nitrification via both day- and nighttime chemistry.
Karine Desboeufs, Paola Formenti, Raquel Torres-Sánchez, Kerstin Schepanski, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Hendrik Andersen, Jan Cermak, Stefanie Feuerstein, Benoit Laurent, Danitza Klopper, Andreas Namwoonde, Mathieu Cazaunau, Servanne Chevaillier, Anaïs Feron, Cécile Mirande-Bret, Sylvain Triquet, and Stuart J. Piketh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1525–1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the fractional solubility of iron (Fe) in dust particles along the coast of Namibia, a critical region for the atmospheric Fe supply of the South Atlantic Ocean. Our results suggest a possible two-way interplay whereby marine biogenic emissions from the coastal marine ecosystems into the atmosphere would increase the solubility of Fe-bearing dust by photo-reduction processes. The subsequent deposition of soluble Fe could act to further enhance marine biogenic emissions.
Sunhye Kim, Jo Machesky, Drew R. Gentner, and Albert A. Presto
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1281–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking emissions are often an overlooked source of air pollution. We used a mobile lab to measure the characteristics of particles emitted from cooking sites in two cities. Our findings showed that cooking releases a substantial number of fine particles. While most emissions were similar, a bakery site showed distinctive chemical compositions with higher nitrogen compound levels. Thus, understanding the particle emissions from different cooking activities is crucial.
Nansi Fakhri, Robin Stevens, Arnold Downey, Konstantina Oikonomou, Jean Sciare, Charbel Afif, and Patrick L. Hayes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1193–1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1193-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the chemical composition of atmospheric fine particles, their emission sources, and the potential human health risk associated with trace elements in particles for an urban site in Montréal over a 3-month period (August–November). This study represents the first time that such extensive composition measurements were included in an urban source apportionment study in Canada, and it provides greater resolution of fine-particle sources than has been previously achieved in Canada.
Hanjin Yoo, Li Wu, Hong Geng, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 853–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-853-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted an investigation of atmospheric aerosols collected in Seoul, South Korea, during the KORUS-AQ campaign on a single-particle basis. We were able to identify their sources, the atmospheric fate, and the impacts of local emissions and long-range transport on aerosol composition. Additionally, we traced potential sources of non-exhaust heavy-metal particles. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of urban aerosols.
Eric Schneider, Hendryk Czech, Olga Popovicheva, Marina Chichaeva, Vasily Kobelev, Nikolay Kasimov, Tatiana Minkina, Christopher Paul Rüger, and Ralf Zimmermann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 553–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-553-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides insights into the complex chemical composition of long-range-transported wildfire plumes from Yakutia, which underwent different levels of atmospheric processing. With complementary mass spectrometric techniques, we improve our understanding of the chemical processes and atmospheric fate of wildfire plumes. Unprecedented high levels of carbonaceous aerosols crossed the polar circle with implications for the Arctic ecosystem and consequently climate.
Qiongqiong Wang, Shuhui Zhu, Shan Wang, Cheng Huang, Yusen Duan, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated short-term source apportionment of PM2.5 utilizing rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF) and online PM chemical speciation data, which included source-specific organic tracers collected over a period of 37 d during the winter of 2019–2020 in suburban Shanghai, China. The findings highlight that by imposing constraints on the primary source profiles, short-term PMF analysis successfully replicated both the individual primary sources and the total secondary sources.
Jiyuan Yang, Guoyang Lei, Jinfeng Zhu, Yutong Wu, Chang Liu, Kai Hu, Junsong Bao, Zitong Zhang, Weili Lin, and Jun Jin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 123–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-123-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric pollution and formation mechanisms of particulate-bound alkyl nitrate in Beijing were studied. C9–C16 long-chain n-alkyl nitrates negatively correlated with O3 but positively correlated with PM2.5 and NO2, so they may not be produced during gas-phase homogeneous reactions in the photochemical process but form through reactions between alkanes and nitrates on PM surfaces. Particulate-bound n-alkyl nitrates strongly affect both haze pollution and atmospheric visibility.
Yanqin Ren, Zhenhai Wu, Yuanyuan Ji, Fang Bi, Junling Li, Haijie Zhang, Hao Zhang, Hong Li, and Gehui Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2593, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2593, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrated aromatic compounds (NACs) and oxygenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) in PM2.5 were examined from an urban area in Beijing during the autumn and winter. The OPAHs and NACs concentrations were much higher during heating than those before heating. They majorly originated from the combustion of biomass and automobile emissions, and the secondary generation was the major contributor throughout the whole sampling period.
Lisa Azzarello, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Michael A. Robinson, Alessandro Franchin, Caroline C. Womack, Christopher D. Holmes, Steven S. Brown, Ann Middlebrook, Tim Newberger, Colm Sweeney, and Cora J. Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15643–15654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a molecular size-resolved offline analysis of water-soluble brown carbon collected on an aircraft during FIREX-AQ. The smoke plumes were aged 0 to 5 h, where absorption was dominated by small molecular weight molecules, brown carbon absorption downwind did not consistently decrease, and the measurements differed from online absorption measurements of the same samples. We show how differences between online and offline absorption could be related to different measurement conditions.
Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Markus Hartmann, Moritz Zeising, Astrid Bracher, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15561–15587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Marine carbohydrates are produced in the surface of the ocean, enter the atmophere as part of sea spray aerosol particles, and potentially contribute to the formation of fog and clouds. Here, we present the results of a sea–air transfer study of marine carbohydrates conducted in the high Arctic. Besides a chemo-selective transfer, we observed a quick atmospheric aging of carbohydrates, possibly as a result of both biotic and abiotic processes.
Xing Wei, Yanjie Shen, Xiao-Ying Yu, Yang Gao, Huiwang Gao, Ming Chu, Yujiao Zhu, and Xiaohong Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15325–15350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the contribution of grown new particles to Nccn at a rural mountain site in the North China Plain. The total particle number concentrations (Ncn) observed on 8 new particle formation (NPF) days were higher compared to non-NPF days. The Nccn at 0.2 % supersaturation (SS) and 0.4 % SS on the NPF days was significantly lower than on non-NPF days. Only one of eight NPF events had detectable net contributions to Nccn at 0.4 % SS and 1.0 % SS with increased κ values.
Yuquan Gong, Ru-Jin Huang, Lu Yang, Ting Wang, Wei Yuan, Wei Xu, Wenjuan Cao, Yang Wang, and Yongjie Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15197–15207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals the large day–night differences in brown carbon (BrC) chromophore composition, which was not known previously. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on BrC composition.
Ryan N. Farley, Sonya Collier, Christopher D. Cappa, Leah R. Williams, Timothy B. Onasch, Lynn M. Russell, Hwajin Kim, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15039–15056, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15039-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles, also known as black carbon (BC), have important implications for global climate and regional air quality. After the particles are emitted, BC can be coated with other material, impacting the aerosol properties. We selectively measured the composition of particles containing BC to explore their sources and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. We focus on a persistent, multiday fog event in order to study the effects of chemical reactions occurring within liquid droplets.
Wenshuai Li, Yuxuan Qi, Yingchen Liu, Guanru Wu, Yanjing Zhang, Jinhui Shi, Wenjun Qu, Lifang Sheng, Wencai Wang, Daizhou Zhang, and Yang Zhou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2698, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2698, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles from mainland can transport to oceans and deposit, providing soluble Fe and affecting phytoplankton growth. Thus, we studied the dissolution process of aerosol Fe and found that photochemistry played a key role in promoting Fe dissolution in clean conditions. RH-dependent reactions were more influential in slightly-polluted conditions. These results highlight the distinct roles of two weather-related parameters (radiation and RH) in influencing geochemical cycles related to Fe.
Fuzhen Shen, Michaela I. Hegglin, and Yue Yuan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2425, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2425, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We attempt to use a novel structural Self-Organising Map and Machine Learning models to identify a weather system and quantify the importance of each meteorological factor in driving the unexpected PM2.5 and O3 changes under the specific weather system during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. The result highlights temperature under the double-centre high-pressure system plays the most crucial role in abnormal events.
Xiaoxiao Li, Yijing Chen, Yuyang Li, Runlong Cai, Yiran Li, Chenjuan Deng, Jin Wu, Chao Yan, Hairong Cheng, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Jiming Hao, James N. Smith, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14801–14812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban Beijing. Vehicle and cooking emissions and new particle formation are the main sources of UFPs, and aqueous/heterogeneous processes increase UFP mode diameters. UFPs are the highest in winter due to the highest primary particle emission rates and new particle formation rates, and CHO fractions are the highest in summer due to the strongest photooxidation.
Jiaqi Wang, Jian Gao, Fei Che, Xin Yang, Yuanqin Yang, Lei Liu, Yan Xiang, and Haisheng Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14715–14733, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14715-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Regional-scale observations of surface O3, PM2.5 and its major chemical species, mixing layer height (MLH), and other meteorological parameters were made in the North China Plain during summer. Unlike the cold season, synchronized increases in MDA8 O3 and PM2.5 under medium MLH conditions have been witnessed. The increasing trend of PM2.5 was associated with enhanced secondary chemical formation. The correlation between MLH and secondary air pollutants should be treated with care in hot seasons.
Takuma Miyakawa, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, Atsushi Shimizu, Erika Matsumoto, Yusuke Mizuno, and Yugo Kanaya
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14609–14626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 aerosols and their elemental composition in western Japan, during spring 2018. It analyzed the emissions, transport, and wet removal of elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, and Mn. It also assessed the accuracy of modeled concentrations and found overestimations of BC and underestimations of Cu and anthropogenic Fe in East Asia. Insights into emissions, removals, and source apportionment of trace metals in the East Asian outflow were provided.
Jingjing Meng, Yachen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Tonglin Huang, Zhifei Wang, Yiqiu Wang, Min Chen, Zhanfang Hou, Houhua Zhou, Keding Lu, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Pingqing Fu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14481–14503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) measures on the formation and evolutionary process of diacids and related compounds from field observations. Results demonstrate that more aged organic aerosols are observed during the LCD due to the enhanced photochemical oxidation. Our study also found that the reactivity of 13C was higher than that of 12C in the gaseous photochemical oxidation, leading to higher δ13C values of C2 during the LCD than before the LCD.
Christopher J. Hennigan, Michael McKee, Vikram Pratap, Bryanna Boegner, Jasper Reno, Lucia Garcia, Madison McLaren, and Sara M. Lance
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14437–14449, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14437-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterized the optical properties of light-absorbing organic compounds, called brown carbon (BrC), in atmospheric cloud water samples. In all samples, light absorption by BrC increased linearly with increasing pH. There was variability in the sensitivity of the absorption–pH relationship, depending on the degree of influence from fire emissions. Overall, these results show that the climate forcing of BrC is quite strongly affected by its pH-dependent absorption.
Máté Vörösmarty, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Pamela Dominutti, Zsófia Kertész, Enikő Papp, and Imre Salma
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14255–14269, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14255-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Poor air quality caused by high concentrations of particulate matter is one of the most severe public health concerns for humans worldwide. One of the most important biological mechanisms inducing adverse health effects is the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. We showed that the oxidative stress changed substantially and in a complex manner with location and season. Biomass burning exhibited the dominant influence, while motor vehicles played an important role in the non-heating period.
Da Lu, Hao Li, Mengke Tian, Guochen Wang, Xiaofei Qin, Na Zhao, Juntao Huo, Fan Yang, Yanfen Lin, Jia Chen, Qingyan Fu, Yusen Duan, Xinyi Dong, Congrui Deng, Sabur F. Abdullaev, and Kan Huang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13853–13868, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental conditions during dust are usually not favorable for secondary aerosol formation. However in this study, an unusual dust event was captured in a Chinese mega-city and showed “anomalous” meteorology and a special dust backflow transport pathway. The underlying formation mechanisms of secondary aerosols are probed in the context of this special dust event. This study shows significant implications for the varying dust aerosol chemistry in the future changing climate.
Thomas Audoux, Benoit Laurent, Karine Desboeufs, Gael Noyalet, Franck Maisonneuve, Olivier Lauret, and Servanne Chevaillier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13485–13503, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Paris region, a campaign was conducted to study wet deposition of aerosol particles during rainfall events. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol and wet deposition allowed us to discuss their transfer from the atmosphere to rain. Chemical evolution within events revealed meteorology, atmospheric conditions and local vs. long range sources as key factors. This study highlights the variability of wet deposition and the need to consider event-specific factors to understand its mechanisms.
Ting Yang, Yu Xu, Qing Ye, Yi-Jia Ma, Yu-Chen Wang, Jian-Zhen Yu, Yu-Sen Duan, Chen-Xi Li, Hong-Wei Xiao, Zi-Yue Li, Yue Zhao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13433–13450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, 130 OS species were quantified in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in urban and suburban Shanghai (East China) in the summer of 2021. The daytime OS formation was concretized based on the interactions among OSs, ultraviolet (UV), ozone (O3), and sulfate. Our finding provides field evidence for the influence of photochemical process and anthropogenic sulfate on OS formation and has important implications for the mitigation of organic particulate pollution.
Shan Wang, Kezheng Liao, Zijing Zhang, Yuk Ying Cheng, Qiongqiong Wang, Hanzhe Chen, and Jian Zhen Yu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2286, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, hourly primary and secondary organic carbon were estimated by a novel Bayesian inference approach in suburban Hong Kong. Their multi-temporal scale variations and evolution characteristics during PM2.5 episodes were examined. The methodology could serve as a guide for other locations with similar monitoring capabilities. The observation-based results are helpful for understanding the evolving nature of secondary organic aerosols and refining the accuracy of model simulations.
Marco Paglione, David C. S. Beddows, Anna Jones, Thomas Lachlan-Cope, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, Francesco Manarini, Mara Russo, Karam Mansour, Roy M. Harrison, Andrea Mazzanti, Emilio Tagliavini, and Manuel Dall'Osto
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2275, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2275, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Applying factor analysis techniques to H-NMR spectra, we present the Organic Aerosol (OA) source apportionment of PM1 samples collected in parallel at two peri-Antarctic stations, namely Signy and Halley, important to investigate aerosol-climate interactions in an unperturbed atmosphere. Our results show remarkable differences between pelagic (open ocean) and sympagic (sea-ice influenced) air masses and indicate that various sources and processes are controlling Antarctic aerosols.
Miao Zhong, Jianzhong Xu, Huiqin Wang, Li Gao, Haixia Zhu, Lixiang Zhai, Xinghua Zhang, and Wenhui Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12609–12630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study focus on coal-combustion-dominated aerosol in urban areas in northwestern China and combines the results of optical measurement and chemical analysis to deduce the evolution of these characteristics in the atmosphere, which has previously been unknown. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on brown carbon properties.
Li Wu, Hyo-Jin Eom, Hanjin Yoo, Dhrubajyoti Gupta, Hye-Rin Cho, Pingqing Fu, and Chul-Un Ro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12571–12588, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Hygroscopicity of ambient marine aerosols is of critical relevance to investigate their atmospheric impacts, which, however, remain uncertain due to their complex compositions and mixing states. Therefore, a study on the hygroscopic behavior of ambient marine aerosols for understanding the phase states when interacting with water vapor at different RH levels and their subsequent impacts on the heterogeneous chemical reactions, atmospheric environment, and human health is of vital importance.
Yutong Liang, Rebecca A. Wernis, Kasper Kristensen, Nathan M. Kreisberg, Philip L. Croteau, Scott C. Herndon, Arthur W. H. Chan, Nga L. Ng, and Allen H. Goldstein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12441–12454, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12441-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the gas–particle partitioning behaviors of biomass burning markers and examined the effect of wildfire organic aerosol on the partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds. Most compounds measured are less volatile than model predictions. Wildfire aerosol enhanced the condensation of polar compounds and caused some nonpolar (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) compounds to partition into the gas phase, thus affecting their lifetimes in the atmosphere and the mode of exposure.
Bojiang Su, Xinhui Bi, Zhou Zhang, Yue Liang, Congbo Song, Tao Wang, Yaohao Hu, Lei Li, Zhen Zhou, Jinpei Yan, Xinming Wang, and Guohua Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10697–10711, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the R/V Xuelong cruise observation over the Ross Sea, Antarctica, the mass concentrations of water-soluble Ca2+ and the mass spectra of individual calcareous particles were measured. Our results indicated that lower temperature, lower wind speed, and the presence of sea ice may facilitate Ca2+ enrichment in sea spray aerosols and highlighted the potential contribution of organically complexed calcium to calcium enrichment, which is inaccurate based solely on water-soluble Ca2+ estimation.
Valeria Mardoñez, Marco Pandolfi, Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Andrés Alastuey, Jean-Luc Besombes, Isabel Moreno R., Noemi Perez, Griša Močnik, Patrick Ginot, Radovan Krejci, Vladislav Chrastny, Alfred Wiedensohler, Paolo Laj, Marcos Andrade, and Gaëlle Uzu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10325–10347, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
La Paz and El Alto are two fast-growing, high-altitude Bolivian cities forming the second-largest metropolitan area in the country. The sources of particulate matter (PM) in this conurbation were not previously investigated. This study identified 11 main sources of PM, of which dust and vehicular emissions stand out as the main ones. The influence of regional biomass combustion and local waste combustion was also observed, with the latter being a major source of hazardous compounds.
Sayako Ueda, Yoko Iwamoto, Fumikazu Taketani, Mingxu Liu, and Hitoshi Matsui
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10117–10135, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine iron in atmospheric fine aerosol particles collected over the Indian Ocean during shipborne observations in November 2018. Transmission electron microscopy analysis with water dialysis shows that various types of iron (fly ash, iron oxide, and mineral dust) co-exist with ammonium sulfate and that their solubility differs depending on the iron type. Using PM2.5 bulk samples and global model simulations, we elucidate their origins, aging, and implications for present iron simulations.
Farhan R. Nursanto, Roy Meinen, Rupert Holzinger, Maarten C. Krol, Xinya Liu, Ulrike Dusek, Bas Henzing, and Juliane L. Fry
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10015–10034, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) is a harmful air pollutant that depends on the complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, in different regions and seasons, the way that PM is formed and grows can differ. In this study, we use a combined statistical analysis of the chemical composition and particle size distribution to determine what drives particle formation and growth across seasons, using varying wind directions to elucidate the role of different sources.
Kohei Sakata, Aya Sakaguchi, Yoshiaki Yamakawa, Chihiro Miyamoto, Minako Kurisu, and Yoshio Takahashi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9815–9836, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9815-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic iron is the dominant source of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles, but its contribution to dissolved Fe in aerosol particles has not been quantitatively evaluated. We established the molar concentration ratio of dissolved Fe to dissolved Al as a new indicator to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic iron. As a result, about 10 % of dissolved Fe in aerosol particles was derived from anthropogenic iron when aerosol particles were transported from East Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Li Li, Qiyuan Wang, Jie Tian, Huikun Liu, Yong Zhang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Weikang Ran, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9597–9612, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau has a unique geographical location, but there is a lack of detailed research on the real-time characteristics of full aerosol composition. This study elaborates the changes in chemical characteristics between transport and local fine particles during the pre-monsoon, reveals the size distribution and the mixing states of different individual particles, and highlights the contributions of photooxidation and aqueous reaction to the formation of the secondary species.
Cited articles
Alfaro, S. C., Gomes, L., Rajot, J. L., Lafon, S., Gaudichet, A., Chatenet,
B., Maille, M., Cautenet, G., Lasserre, F., Cachier, H., and Zhang, X. Y.:
Chemical and optical characterization of aerosols measured in spring 2002 at
the ACE-Asia supersite, Zhenbeitai, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 8641, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd003214, 2003.
Amato, F., Pandolfi, M., Escrig, A., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Pey, J.,
Perez, N., and Hopke, P. K.: Quantifying road dust resuspension in urban
environment by Multilinear Engine: a comparison with PMF2, Atmos. Environ.,
43, 2770–2780, 2009.
Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from
biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955–966, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gb001382, 2001.
Anwar, F., Kazi, T. G., Saleem, R., and Bhanger, M. I.: Rapid determination
of some trace metals in several oils and fats, Grasas Aceites, 55, 160–168,
2004.
Arimoto, R., Zhang, X. Y., Huebert, B. J., Kang, C. H., Savoie, D. L.,
Prospero, J. M., Sage, S. K., Schloesslin, C. A., Khaing, H. M., and Oh, S.
N.: Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols from Zhenbeitai, China, and
Gosan, South Korea, during ACE-Asia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D19S04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd004323, 2004.
Bandowe, B. A. M., Meusel, H., Huang, R., Hoffmann, T., Cao, J., and Ho, K.:
Azaarenes in fine particulate matter from the atmosphere of a Chinese
megacity, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 23, 16025–16036,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6740-z, 2016.
Bi, X., Dai, Q., Wu, J.-h., Zhang, Q., Zhang, W., Luo, R.,
Cheng, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, L., Yu, Z., Zhang, Y., Tian,
Y., and Feng, Y.: Data for: chemical compositions of the main
source profiles of ambient particulate matter across China, Mendeley Data,
v2, https://doi.org/10.17632/x8dfshjt9j.2, 2019.
Bi, X. H., Feng, Y. C., Wu, J. H., Wang, Y. Q., and Zhu, T.: Source
apportionment of PM10 in six cities of northern China, Atmos. Environ., 41,
903–912, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.033, 2007.
Cai, T. Q., Zhang, Y., Fang, D. Q., Shang, J., Zhang, Y. X., and Zhang, Y.
H.: Chinese vehicle emissions characteristic testing with small sample size:
Results and comparison, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 8, 154–163,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.08.007, 2017.
Cao, J. J., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Wu, F., Han, Y. M., Jin, Z. D.,
Shen, Z. X., and An, Z. S.: Size-differentiated source profiles for fugitive
dust in the Chinese Loess Plateau, Atmos. Environ., 42, 2261–2275,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.041, 2008.
Cao, J. J., Shen, Z. X., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Lee, S. C., Tie, X. X.,
Ho, K. F., Wang, G. H., and Han, Y. M.: Winter and Summer PM2.5 Chemical
Compositions in Fourteen Chinese Cities, J. Air Waste Manage., 62,
1214–1226, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2012.701193, 2012.
Chen, L. W. A., Moosmuller, H., Arnott, W. P., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G.,
Susott, R. A., Babbitt, R. E., Wold, C. E., Lincoln, E. N., and Hao, W. M.:
Emissions from laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: Emission factors and
source profiles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 4317–4325, https://doi.org/10.1021/es062364i,
2007.
Chen, J. M., Li, C. L., Ristovski, Z., Milic, A., Gu, Y. T., Islam, M. S.,
Wang, S. X., Hao, J. M., Zhang, H. F., He, C. R., Guo, H., Fu, H. B.,
Miljevic, B., Morawska, L., Thai, P., Fat, L. A. M. Y., Pereira, G., Ding,
A. J., Huang, X., and Dumka, U. C.: A review of biomass burning: Emissions
and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China, Sci. Total. Environ.,
579, 1000–1034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.025, 2017a.
Chen, P. L., Wang, T. J., Dong, M., Kasoar, M., Han, Y., Xie, M., Li, S.,
Zhuang, B. L., Li, M. M., and Huang, T. N.: Characterization of major
natural and anthropogenic source profiles for size-fractionated PM in
Yangtze River Delta, Sci. Total Environ., 598, 135–145,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.106, 2017b.
Chen, Y. J., Bi, X. H., Mai, B. X., Sheng, G. Y., and Fu, J. M.: Emission
characterization of particulate/gaseous phases and size association for
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustion, Fuel,
83, 781–790, 2004.
Chen, Y., Sheng, G., Bi, X., Feng, Y., Bixian Mai, A., and Fu, J.: Emission
Factors for Carbonaceous Particles and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from
Residential Coal Combustion in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1861–1867,
2005.
Cheng, H. F. and Hu, Y. A.: Lead (Pb) isotopic fingerprinting and its
applications in lead pollution studies in China: A review, Environ. Pollut.,
158, 1134–1146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.028, 2010.
Cheng, S. Y., Wang, G., Lang, J. L., Wen, W., Wang, X. Q., and Yao, S.:
Characterization of volatile organic compounds from different cooking
emissions, Atmos. Environ., 145, 299–307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.037,
2016.
Cheng, Y., Engling, G., He, K.-B., Duan, F.-K., Ma, Y.-L., Du, Z.-Y., Liu,
J.-M., Zheng, M., and Weber, R. J.: Biomass burning contribution to Beijing
aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7765–7781,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7765-2013, 2013.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Houck, J. E., Pritchett, L. C., Rogers, C. F.,
Frazier, C. A., Egami, R. T., and Ball, B. M.: A laboratory resuspension
chamber to measure fugitive dust size distributions and chemical
compositions, Atmos. Environ., 28, 3463–3481, 1994.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Ashbaugh, L. L., and Magliano, K. L.:
Similarities and differences in PM10 chemical source profiles for geological
dust from the San Joaquin Valley, California, Atmos. Environ., 37,
1317–1340, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01021-X, 2003.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Kuhns, H., Etyemezian, V., Lowenthal, D. H.,
Crow, D., Kohl, S. D., Engelbrecht, J. P., and Green, M. C.: Source profiles
for industrial, mobile, and area sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol
Visibility and Observational study, Chemosphere, 54, 185–208,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.07.004, 2004.
Cooper, J. A. and Watson, J. G.: Receptor oriented methods of air
particulate source apportionment, JAPCA J. Air Waste Ma., 30,
1116–1125, 1980.
Cui, M., Chen, Y. J., Tian, C. G., Zhang, F., Yan, C. Q., and Zheng, M.:
Chemical composition of PM2.5 from two tunnels with different vehicular
fleet characteristics, Sci. Total Environ., 550, 123–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.077, 2016.
Dai, Q. L., Bi, X. H., Huangfu, Y. Q., Yang, J. M., Li, T. K., Jahan, Z. K.,
Song, C. B., Xu, J., Wu, J. H., Zhang, Y. F., and Feng, Y. C.: A size-resolved
chemical mass balance (SR-CMB) approach for source apportionment of ambient
particulate matter by single element analysis, Atmos. Environ., 197, 45–52,
2019.
Dai, S. G., Zhu, T., Zeng, Y. S., Fu, X. Q., and Miao, Y. M.: Source
apportionment for Tianjin urban aerosol in heating season,
Chinese Environmental Science, 6, 24–30, 1986 (in Chinese).
Dai, S. G., Zhu, T., Zeng, Y. S., Fu, X. Q., and Liao, Y. M.: Composition
characteristics of industrial and residential coal smoke in Tianjin, Environm. Sci., 8, 18–23, 1987a.
Dai, S. G., Zhu, T., Zeng, Y. S., Fu, X. Q., and Miao, Y. M.: Study on the
chemical characteristics of industrial and commercial coal in Tianjin, Environm. Sci., 4, 18–23, https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.1987.04.004,
1987b (in Chinese).
De Zarate, I. O., Ezcurra, A., Lacaux, J. P., and Van Dinh, P.: Emission
factor estimates of cereal waste burning in Spain, Atmos. Environ., 34,
3183–3193, 2000.
Doskey, P. V., Fukui, Y., Sultan, M., Al Maghraby, A., and Taher, A.: Source
profiles for nonmethane organic compounds in the atmosphere of Cairo, Egypt,
J. Air Waste Manage., 49, 814–822, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1999.10463850, 1999.
Duan, X. L., Jiang, Y., Wang, B. B., Zhao, X. G., Shen, G. F., Cao, S. Z., Huang, N., Qian, Y., Chen, Y. T., and Wang, L. M.:
Household fuel use for cooking and heating in China: Results from the first
Chinese Environmental Exposure-Related Human Activity Patterns Survey
(CEERHAPS), Appl. Energ., 136, 692–703, 2014.
Energy Research Institute of China (ERI): Roadmap Study on Achieving
Technical Energy Conservation Potential in China's Industrial Sector by
2020, China Scientific Technology Press, Beijing, 2013.
England, G. C., Zielinska, B., and Loos, K.: Characterizing PM2.5 emission
profiles for stationary sources: comparison of traditional and dilution
sampling techniques, Fuel Process. Technol., 65, 177–188, 2000.
Ferge, T., Maguhn, J., Felber, H., and Zimmermann, R.: Particle collection
efficiency and particle re-entrainment of an electrostatic precipitator in a
sewage sludge incineration plant, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1545–1553,
2004.
Gallon, C. L., Tessier, A., Gobeil, C., and Beaudin, L.: Sources and
chronology of atmospheric lead deposition to a Canadian Shield lake:
Inferences from Pb isotopes and PAH profiles, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 69,
3199–3210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.02.028, 2005.
Ge, S., Bai, Z. P., and Liu, W. L.: Boiler briquette coal versus raw coal:
Part I-stack gas emissions, J. Air Waste Manage., 51, 524–533, 2001.
Ge, S., Xu, X., and Chow, J, C.: Emissions of Air Pollutants from Household
Stoves: Honeycomb Coal versus Coal Cake, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38,
4612–4618, 2004.
Guo, S.: Status analysis and development suggestions of upgrading gasoline
quality in China, Petroleum Products Application Research, Shanghai Institute of Petroleum
Commodity Application, Shanghai, 31,
4–11, 2013 (in Chinese).
Guo, Y. Y., Gao, X., Zhu, T. Y., Luo, L., and Zheng, Y.: Chemical profiles
of PM emitted from the iron and steel industry in northern China, Atmos.
Environ., 150, 187–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.055, 2017.
Han, B., Feng, Y. C., Bi, X. H., Xue, Y. H., Wu, J. H., Zhu, T., Ding, J. Q.,
and Du, Y. X.: Source Apportionment of Ambient PM10 in Urban Area of
Wuxi City, Research of Environmental Sciences, 22, 37–41,
https://doi.org/10.13198/j.res.2009.01.37.hanb.005, 2009 (in Chinese).
Han, X. K., Guo, Q. J., Liu, C. Q., Fu, P. Q., Strauss, H., Yang, J. X., Hu,
J., Wei, L. F., Ren, H., Peters, M., Wei, R. F., and Tian, L.Y.: Using
stable isotopes to trace sources and formation processes of sulfate aerosols
from Beijing, China, Sci. Rep., 6, 29958, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29958, 2016.
Hays, M. D., Fine, P. M., Geron, C. D., Kleeman, M. J., and Gullett, B. K.:
Open burning of agricultural biomass: Physical and chemical properties of
particle-phase emissions, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6747–6764, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.072, 2005.
He, L. Y., Hu, M., Huang, X. F., Yu, B. D., Zhang, Y. H., and Liu, D. Q.:
Measurement of emissions of fine particulate organic matter from Chinese
cooking, Atmos. Environ., 38, 6557–6564, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.08.034,
2004.
Hildemann, L. M., Cass, G. R., and Markowski, G. R.: A Dilution Stack
Sampler for Collection of Organic Aerosol Emissions: Design,
Characterization and Field Tests, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 10, 193–204, 1989.
Ho, K. F., Lee, S. C., Chow, J. C., and Watson, J. G.: Characterization of
PM10 and PM2.5 source profiles for fugitive dust in Hong Kong, Atmos.
Environ., 37, 1023–1032, 2003.
Hopke, P. K.: Review of receptor modeling methods for sourceapportionment, J.
Air Waste Manage., 66, 237–259, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2016.1140693, 2016.
Hou, X. M., Zhuang, G. S., Lin, Y. F., Li, J., Jiang, Y. L., and Fu, J. S.:
Emission of fine organic aerosol from traditional charcoal broiling in
China, J. Atmos. Chem., 61, 119–131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-009-9128-3, 2008b.
Houck, J. E., Cooper, J. A., and Larson, E. R.: Paper No. 82-61M.2 presented
at 75th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, 20–25 June,
New Orleans, 1982.
Junninen, H., Monster, J., Rey, M., Cancelinha, J., Douglas, K., Duane, M.,
Forcina, V., Muller, A., Lagler, F., Marelli, L., Borowiak, A., Niedzialek,
J., Paradiz, B., Mira-Salama, D., Jimenez, J., Hansen, U., Astorga, C.,
Stanczyk, K., Viana, M., Querol, X., Duvall, R. M., Norris, G. A.,
Tsakovski, S., Wahlin, P., Horak, J., and Larsen, B. R.: Quantifying the
Impact of Residential Heating on the Urban Air Quality in a Typical European
Coal Combustion Region, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7964–7970,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es8032082, 2009.
Kauppinen, E. I., Lind, T. M., Eskelinen, J. J., Jokiniemi, J. K., Maenhaut,
W., Royset, O., Vadset, M., Vilokki, H., and Kuivalainen, R.: Aerosols from
circulating fluidized bed coal combustion, J. Aerosol Sci., 22, S467–S470,
1991.
Kong, S. F., Ji, Y. Q., Lu, B., Chen, L., Han, B., Li, Z. Y., and Bai, Z.
P.: Characterization of PM10 source profiles for fugitive dust in Fushun-a
city famous for coal, Atmos. Environ., 45, 5351–5365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.050, 2011.
Kong, S. F. and Bai, Z. P.: Progress on the Composition Profiles for
Particulate Matter from Vehicle Emission in Source Apportionment, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 10, 26–33, 2013 (in
Chinese).
Kong, S. F., Ji, Y. Q., Lu, B., Zhao, X. Y., Han, B., and Bai, Z. P.:
Similarities and Differences in PM2.5, PM10 and TSP Chemical
Profiles of Fugitive Dust Sources in a Coastal Oilfield City in China,
Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 14, 2017-2028,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2013.06.0226, 2014.
Lee, J. J., Engling, G., Lung, S. C. C., and Lee, K. Y.: Particle size
characteristics of levoglucosan in ambient aerosols from rice straw burning,
Atmos. Environ., 42, 8300–8308, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.047, 2008.
Li, G. H.: Contents of Sulfur and Hydrocarbons in Commercial Available
Gasoline and Diesel Oils Sold in China, Journal of University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 25–28, 2016 (in Chinese).
Li, J., Song, Y., Mao, Y., Mao, Z., Wu, Y., Li, M., Huang, X., He, Q., and
Hu, M.: Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 during
the harvest season in eastern China's agricultural regions, Atmos. Environ.,
92, 442–448, 2014a.
Li, J. F., Song, Y., Mao, Y., Mao, Z. C., Wu, Y. S., Li, M. M., Huang, X.,
He, Q. C., and Hu, M.: Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of
PM2.5 during the harvest season in eastern China's agricultural regions,
Atmos. Environ., 92, 442–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.058, 2014b.
Li, Q., Jiang, J. K., Wang, S. X., Krassi, R., Ryan, M. H., Lidia, M., and
Hao, J. M.: Impacts of household coal and biomass combustion on indoor and
ambient air quality in China: Current status and implication, Sci. Total Environ., 576, 347–361,
2017.
Li, X., Wang, S., Duan, L., Hao, J., and Nie, Y.: Carbonaceous aerosol
emissions from household biofuel combustion in China, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 43, 6076–6081, 2009.
Lind, T., Hokkinen, J., Jokiniemi, J. K., Saarikoski, S., and Hillamo, R.:
Electrostatic precipitator collection efficiency and trace element emissions
from co-combustion of biomass and recovered fuel in fluidized-bed
combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2842–2846, 2003.
Liu, B. S., Yang, J. M., Yuan, J., Wang, J., Dai, Q. L., Li, T. K., Bi, X.
H., Feng, Y. C., Xiao, Z. M., Zhang, Y. F., and Xu, H.: Source apportionment of
atmospheric pollutants based on the online data by using PMF and ME2 models
at a megacity, China, Atmos. Res., 185, 22–31, 2017.
Liu, J., Mauzerall, D. L., Chen, Q., Zhang, Q., Song, Y., Peng, W., Klimont,
Z., Qiu, X. H., Zhang, S. Q., Hu, M., Lin, W. L., Smith, K. R., and Zhu, T.:
Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and
underappreciated ambient pollution source, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113,
7756–7761, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604537113, 2016.
Liu, Y. Y., Zhang, W. J., Bai, Z. P., Yang, W., Zhao, X. Y., Han, B., and
Wang, X. H.: China Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS): The Chinese PM2.5
Database for Source Profiles, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 17, 1501–1514,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2016.10.0469, 2017.
Lu, D. W., Liu, Q., Yu, M., Yang, X. Z., Fu, Q., Zhang, X. S., Mu, Y. J.,
and Jiang, G. B.: Natural Silicon Isotopic Signatures Reveal the Sources of
Airborne Fine Particulate Matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 1088–1095,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06317, 2018.
Ma, Z., Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, D., Shi, A., Hu, J., Lin, A., Feng, Y.,
Hu, Y., and Liu, B.: PM2.5 profiles of typical sources in Beijing, Acta
Scientiae Circumstantiae, 35, 4043–4052, https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2015.0584,
2015 (in Chinese).
Maricq, M. M.: Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from
diesel engines: A review, J. Aerosol Sci., 38, 1079–1118,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.08.001, 2007.
Meij, R.: Trace element behavior in coal-fired power plants, Fuel Process.
Technol., 39, 199–217, 1994.
Meij, R. and Winkel, H. T.: The emissions and environmental impact of PM10
and trace elements from a modern coal-fired power plant equipped with ESP
and wet FGD, Fuel Process. Technol., 85, 641–656,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.012, 2004.
Miller, M. S., Friedlander, S. K., and Hidy, G. M.: A chemical element
balance for the Pasadena aerosol, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 39, 165–176,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(72)90152-X, 1972.
Ni, H. Y., Tian, J., Wang, X. L., Wang, Q. Y., Han, Y. M., Cao, J. J., Long,
X., Chen, L. W. A., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Huang, R. J., and Dusek, U.:
PM2.5 emissions and source profiles from open burning of crop residues,
Atmos. Environ., 169, 229–237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.063, 2017.
Pan, Y. P., Tian, S. L., Liu, D. W., Fang, Y. T., Zhu, X. Y., Zhang, Q.,
Zheng, B., Michalski, G., and Wang, Y. S.: Fossil Fuel Combustion-Related
Emissions Dominate Atmospheric Ammonia Sources during Severe Haze Episodes:
Evidence from 15N-Stable Isotope in Size-Resolved Aerosol Ammonium,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 8049–8056, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00634, 2016.
Pant, P. and Harrison, R. M.: Critical review of receptor modelling for
particulate matter: A case study of India, Atmos. Environ., 49, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.060, 2012.
Pei, B., Cui, H. Y., Liu, H., and Yan, N. Q.: Chemical characteristics of
fine particulate matter emitted from commercial cooking, Front. Env. Sci. Eng., 10, 559–568, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-016-0829-y, 2016.
Pernigotti, D., Belis, C. A., and Spano, L.: SPECIEUROPE: The European data
base for PM source profiles, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 7, 307–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.007, 2016.
Phuah, C. H., Peterson, M. R., Richards, M. H., Turner, J. R., and Dillner, A.
M.: A Temperature Calibration Procedure for the Sunset Laboratory Carbon
Aerosol Analysis Lab Instrument, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 1013–1021, 2009.
Qi, K., Dai, C. L., Feng, Y., and Yang L.: Establishment and analysis of
PM2.5 industrial source profiles in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, Journal of
Industrial Science and Technology, 32, 78–84, 2015 (in Chinese).
Qu, Z.: Setup of the component spectrum for source apportionment of PM2.5 in
Urban Atmosphere, Jilin University, Changchun City, China, 2013 (in Chinese).
Reff, A., Bhave, P. V., Simon, H., Pace, T. G., Pouliot, G. A., Mobley, J. D., and Houyoux,
M.: Emissions inventory of PM2.5 trace elements across the United States,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 5790–5796, 2009.
Robinson, A. L., Subramanian, R., Donahue, N. M., Bernardo-Bricker, A., and
Rogge, W. F.: Source apportionment of molecular markers and organic aerosol.
3. Food cooking emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7820–7827, https://doi.org/10.1021/es060781p, 2006.
Sanchis, E., Ferrer, M., Calvet, S., Coscolla, C., Yusa, V., and
Cambra-Lopez, M.: Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during
controlled rice straw burning, Atmos. Environ., 98, 25–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.062, 2014.
Schauer, J. J. and Cass, G. R.: Source apportionment of wintertime
gas-phase and particle-phase air pollutants using organic compounds as
tracers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 1821–1832, https://doi.org/10.1021/es981312t, 2000.
Schauer, J. J., Kleeman, M. J., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.:
Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 1. C1 through C29
organic compounds from meat charbroiling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33,
1566–1577, https://doi.org/10.1021/Es980076j, 1999.
Schauer, J. J., Kleeman, M. J., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.:
Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 4. C1-C27 organic
compounds from cooking with seed oils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 567–575,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es002053m, 2002.
See, S. W. and Balasubramanian, R.: Risk assessment of exposure to indoor
aerosols associated with Chinese cooking, Environ. Res., 102, 197–204,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2005.12.013, 2006.
See, S. W., Karthikeyana, S., and Balasubramanian, R.: Health risk
assessment of occupational exposure to particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons associated with Chinese, Malay and Indian cooking, J. Environ.
Monitor., 8, 369–376, https://doi.org/10.1039/b516173h, 2006.
Shen, G. F.: Quantification of emission reduction potentials of primary air
pollutants from residential solid fuel combustion by adopting cleaner fuels
in China, J. Environ. Sci., 37, 1–7, 2015.
Shen, G. F., Yang, Y. F., Wang, W., Tao, S., Zhu, C., Min, Y. J., Xue, M.
A., Ding, J. N., Wang, B., Wang, R., Shen, H. Z., Li, W., Wang, X. L., and
Russell, A.G.: Emission Factors of Particulate Matter and Elemental Carbon
for Crop Residues and Coals Burned in Typical Household Stoves in China,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 7157–7162, 2010.
Shen, G. F., Chen, Y. C., Xue, C. Y., Lin, N., Huang, Y., Shen, H. Z., Wang,
Y. L., Li, T. C., Zhang, Y. Y., Su, S., Huangfu, Y. B., Zhang, W. H.,
Chen, X. F., Liu, G. Q., Liu, W. X., Wang, X. L., Wong, M. H., and Tao, S.:
Pollutant Emissions from Improved Coal- and Wood-Fuelled Cookstoves in Rural
Households, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 6590–6598, 2015.
Shen, Z. X., Sun, J., Cao, J. J., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, Q., Lei, Y. L., Gao,
J. J., Huang, R. J., Liu, S. X., Huang, Y., Zhu, C. S., Xu, H. M., Zheng, C.
L., Liu, P. P., and Xue, Z. G.: Chemical profiles of urban fugitive dust
PM2.5 samples in Northern Chinese cities, Sci. Total Environ., 569, 619–626,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.156, 2016.
Shi, G. L., Li, X., Feng, Y. C., Wang, Y. Q., Wu, J. H., Li, J., and Zhu, T.:
Combined source apportionment, using positive matrix factorization-chemical
mass balance and principal component analysis/multiple linear
regression-chemical mass balance models, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2929–2937,
2009.
Shimodaira, H.: An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree
selection, Syst. Biol., 51, 492–508, https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150290069913, 2002.
Simon, H., Beck, L., Bhave, P. V., Divita, F., Hsu, Y., Luecken, D., Mobley,
J. D., Pouliot, G. A., Reff, A., Sarwar, G., and Strum, M.: The development
and uses of EPA's SPECIATE database, Atmos. Pollut. Res., 1, 196–206,
https://doi.org/10.5094/Apr.2010.026, 2010.
Simoneit, B. R. T., Schauer, J. J., Nolte, C. G., Oros, D. R., Elias, V. O.,
Fraser, M. P., Rogge, W. F., and Cass, G. R.: Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose
in biomass burning and atmospheric particles, Atmos. Environ., 33, 173–182,
1999.
Smith, W. B., Cushing, K. M., Johnson, J. W., Parsons, C. T., Williamson, A.
D., and Wilson Jr., R. R.: EPA-600/7-80-036 (PB82-249897), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1982.
State Council: Notice by the State Council of the People's Republic of China
on the deadline to stop the use and sales of leaded gasoline for vehicles,
No.2 fuyou street, Xicheng district, Beijing, 129, 1998.
Streets, D. G., Yarber, K. F., Woo, J. H., and Carmichael, G. R.: Biomass
burning in Asia: Annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1099, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002040, 2003.
Suzuki, R. and Shimodaira, H.: Pvclust: an R package for assessing the
uncertainty in hierarchical clustering, Bioinformatics, 22, 1540–1542, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl117, 2006.
Taner, S., Pekey, B., and Pekey, H.: Fine particulate matter in the indoor
air of barbeque restaurants: Elemental compositions, sources and health
risks, Sci. Total Environ., 454, 79–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.018,
2013.
Tang, X. B., Huang, C., Lou, S. R., Qiao, L. P., Wang, H. L., Zhou, M.,
Chen, M. H., Chen, C. H., Wang, Q., Li, G. L., Li, L., Huang, H. Y., and
Zhang, G. F.: Emission Factors and PM Chemical Composition Study of Biomass
Burning in the Yangtze River Delta Region, Environ. Sci., 35,
1623–1632, https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.05.001, 2014 (in Chinese).
Tao, S., Ru, M. Y., Du, W., Zhu, X., Zhong, Q. R., Li, B. G., Shen, G. F.,
Pan, X. L., Meng, W. J., Chen, Y. L., Shen, H. Z., Lin, N., Su, S., Zhuo, S.
J., Huang, T. B., Xu, Y., Yun, X., Liu, J. F., Wang, X. L., Liu, W. X.,
Cheng, H. F., and Zhu, D. Q.: Quantifying the rural residential energy
transition in China from 1992 to 2012 through a representative national
survey, Nature Energy, 3, 567–573, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0158-4, 2018.
Tian, Y. Z., Chen, J. B., Zhang, L. L., Du, X., Wei, J. J., Fan, H., Xu, J.,
Wang, H. T., Guan, L., Shi, G. L., and Feng, Y. C.: Source profiles and
contributions of biofuel combustion for PM2.5, PM10 and their
compositions, in a city influenced by biofuel stoves, Chemosphere, 189,
255–264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.044, 2017.
Tsai, J., Owega, S., Evans, G., Jervis, R., Fila, M., Tan, P., and Malpica,
O.: Chemical composition and source apportionment of Toronto summertime
urban fine aerosol (PM2.5), J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch., 259, 193–197, 2004.
Ulbrich, I. M., Canagaratna, M. R., Cubison, M. J., Zhang, Q., Ng, N. L.,
Aiken, A. C., and Jimenez, J. L.: Three-dimensional factorization of
size-resolved organic aerosol mass spectra from Mexico City, Atmos. Meas.
Tech., 5, 195–224, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-195-2012, 2012.
Vicente, E. D. and Alves, C. A.: An overview of particulate emissions from
residential biomass combustion, Atmos. Res., 199, 159–185,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.08.027, 2018.
Wang, G., Lang, J. L., Cheng, S. Y., Yao, S., and Wang, X. Q.:
Characteristics of PM2.5 and hydrocarbon emitted from heavy-duty diesel
vehicle, China Environmental Science, 35, 3581–3587, 2015.
Wang, X. L., Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., Kohl, S. D., Chen, L. W. A.,
Sodeman, D. A., Legge, A. H., and Percy, K. E.: Measurement of Real-World
Stack Emissions with a Dilution Sampling System, Alberta Oil Sands: Energy,
Industry and the Environment, Dev. Environm. Sci., 11, 171–192, 2012.
Wang, X. P., Zong, Z., Tian, C. G., Chen, Y. J., Luo, C. L., Li, J., Zhang,
G., and Luo, Y. M.: Combining Positive Matrix Factorization and Radiocarbon
Measurements for Source Apportionment of PM2.5 from a National
Background Site in North China, Sci. Rep., 7, 10648, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10762-8,
2017.
Wang, Z., Guo, J, and Chen, Z.: Analysis of the source componential spectrum
of PM2.5 emission in Guiyang, Journal of Safety and Environment, 16,
346–351, 2016.
Watson, J. G.: Overview of receptor model principles, JAPCA J. Air Waste Ma.,
34, 619–623, 1984.
Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., Pritchett, L. C., Houck, J. A., Ragazzi, R. A.,
and Burns, S.: Chemical source profiles for particulate motor vehicle exhaust
under cold and high altitude operating conditions, Sci. Total Environ., 93,
183–190, 1990.
Watson, J. G. and Chow, J. C.: Source characterization of major emission
sources in the Imperial and Mexicali Valleys along the US/Mexico border, Sci.
Total Environ., 276, 33–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00770-7, 2001.
Wiinikka, H. and Gebart, R.: The influence of fuel type on particle emissions
in combustion of biomass pellets, Combust. Sci. Technol., 177, 741–763,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200590917257, 2005.
Winchester, J. W. and Nifong, G. D.: Water pollution in Lake Michigan by
trace elements from pollution aerosol fallout, Water Air Soil Poll., 1,
50–64, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280779, 1971.
Xia, Z. Q., Fan, X. L., Huang, Z. J., Liu, Y. C., Yin, X. H., Ye, X., and
Zheng, J. Y.: Comparison of domestic and foreign PM2.5 source profiles
and influence on air quality simulation, Research of Environmental Sciences,
30, 359–367, https://doi.org/10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.55, 2017 (in Chinese).
Yan, C. Q., Zheng, M., Bosch, C., Andersson, A., Desyaterik, Y., Sullivan, A. P., Collett, J. L., Zhao, B.,
Wang, S. X., He, K. B., and Gustafsson, O.: Important fossil source contribution to
brown carbon in Beijing during winter, Sci. Rep., 7, 43182, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43182, 2017a.
Yan, D. J., Liu, S. J., Huang, X. M., Wang, Y., and Xu, Y.: Effects of
SO2
and H2O on the SCR activity of the Mn-Ce ∕ TiO2 catalyst at low temperatures,
Journal of Safety and Environment, 16, 312–319, https://doi.org/10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2016.05.059, 2016.
Yan, Q., Kong, S. F., Liu, H. B., Wang, W., Wu, J., Zheng, M. M., Zheng, S. R., Yang, G. W., Wu, F. Q.: Emission
inventory of water soluble ions in fine particles from residential coal
burning in China and implication for emission reduction, China Environmental
Science, 37, 3708–3721, 2017b.
Yao, H., Song, Y., Liu, M., Archer-Nicholls, S., Lowe, D., McFiggans, G., Xu,
T., Du, P., Li, J., Wu, Y., Hu, M., Zhao, C., and Zhu, T.: Direct radiative
effect of carbonaceous aerosols from crop residue burning during the summer
harvest season in East China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5205–5219,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5205-2017, 2017.
Zhang, D. Y.: Development of gasoline production & realization of unlead
gasoline in China, Petroleum Products Application Research, Shanghai Institute of Petroleum Commodity Application, Shanghai, 1–2, 2000 (in
Chinese).
Zhang, J. J. and Smith, K. R.: Household air pollution from coal and biomass
fuels in China: Measurements, health impacts, and interventions, Environ.
Health Persp., 115, 848–855, 2007.
Zhang, J., He, K. B., Ge, Y. S., and Shi, X. Y.: Influence of fuel sulfur on
the characterization of PM10 from a diesel engine, Fuel, 88, 504–510,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.09.001, 2009a.
Zhang, N., Han, B., He, F., Xu, J., Zhao, R. J., Zhang, Y. J., and Bai, Z.
P.: Chemical characteristic of PM2.5 emission and inhalational
carcinogenic risk of domestic Chinese cooking, Environ. Pollut., 227, 24–30,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.033, 2017a.
Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Ulbrich, I. M., Ng, N. L.,
Worsnop, D. R., and Sun, Y. L.: Understanding atmospheric organic aerosols
via factor analysis of aerosol mass spectrometry: a review, Anal. Bioanal.
Chem., 401, 3045–3067, 2011.
Zhang, Q., Shen, Z. X., Cao, J. J., Ho, K. F., Zhang, R. J., Bie, Z. J.,
Chang, H. R., and Liu, S. X.: Chemical profiles of urban fugitive dust over
Xi'an in the south margin of the Loess Plateau, China, Atmos. Pollut. Res.,
5, 421–430, https://doi.org/10.5094/Apr.2014.049, 2014.
Zhang, Y., Sheesley, R. J., Schauer, J. J., Lewandowski, M., Jaoui, M.,
Offenberg, J. H., Kleindienst, T. E., and Edney, E. O.: Source apportionment
of primary and secondary organic aerosols using positive matrix factorization
(PMF) of molecular markers, Atmos. Environ., 43, 5567–5574,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.047, 2009b.
Zhang, Y. J., Cai, J., Wang, S. X., He, K. B., and Zheng, M.: Review of
receptor-based source apportionment research of fine particulate matter and
its challenges in China, Sci. Total Environ., 586, 917–929,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.071, 2017b.
Zhang, Y. X., Shao, M., Zhang, Y. H., Zeng, L. M., He, L. Y., Zhu, B., Wei,
Y. J., and Zhu, X. L.: Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted
from cereal straw burnings, J. Environ. Sci.-China, 19, 167–175,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60027-8, 2007.
Zhang, Y. Z., Yao, Z. L., Shen, X. B., Liu, H., and He, K. B.: Chemical
characterization of PM2.5 emitted from on-road heavy-duty diesel trucks
in China, Atmos. Environ., 122, 885–891, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.014,
2015.
Zhao, L., Zhang, D., Zhou, Z. E., Ren, L. H., Yin, B. H., and Yuan, R.: A
study on emission characteristics of particulate matters from typical
industrial combustion sources in Chongqing city, Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,
5, 447–454, 2015a.
Zhao, P. S., Feng, Y. C., Zhu, T., and Wu, J. H.: Characterizations of
resuspended dust in six cities of North China, Atmos. Environ., 40,
5807–5814, 2006.
Zhao, X. Y., Hu, Q. H., Wang, X. M., Ding, X., He, Q. F., Zhang, Z., Shen,
R. Q., Lu, S. J., Liu, T. Y., Fu, X. X., and Chen, L. G.: Composition
profiles of organic aerosols from Chinese residential cooking: case study in
urban Guangzhou, south China, J. Atmos. Chem., 72, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-015-9298-0, 2015b.
Zhao, Y. L., Hu, M., Slanina, S., and Zhang, Y. H.: The molecular
distribution of fine particulate organic matter emitted from Western-style
fast food cooking, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8163–8171,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.029, 2007a.
Zhao, Y. L., Hu, M., Slanina, S., and Zhang, Y. H.: Chemical compositions of
fine particulate organic matter emitted from Chinese cooking, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 41, 99–105, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0614518, 2007b.
Zheng, M., Cass, G. R., Schauer, J. J., and Edgerton, E. S.: Source
apportionment of PM2.5 in the southeastern United States using
solvent-extractable organic compounds as tracers, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
36, 2361–2371, 2002.
Zhou, L. M., Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C. O., and Pandis, S.: Advanced
factor analysis on Pittsburgh particle size-distribution data, Aerosol Sci.
Tech., 38, 118–132, 2004.
Zhou, N., Zeng, L. M., Yu, X. N., Fu, L. L, and Shao, M.: The design and
field test of a dilution tunnel for stationary sources, Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 26, 764–772, 2006.
Zhu, Y. H., Huang, L., Li, J. Y., Ying, Q., Zhang, H. L., Liu, X. G., Liao,
H., Li, N., Liu, Z. X., Mao, Y. H., Fang, H., and Hu, J. L.: Sources of
particulate matter in China: Insights from source apportionment studies
published in 1987–2017, Environ. Int., 115, 343–357,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.037, 2018.
Short summary
Source profiles are of great importance for the application of receptor models in source apportionment studies, as they characterize specific sources from a chemical point of view, revealing the signatures of source emissions. Here, a total of 3326 chemical profiles of the main primary sources across China from 1987 to 2017 are reviewed. The results highlight the urgent need for increased investigation of more specific markers beyond routinely measured components to better discriminate sources.
Source profiles are of great importance for the application of receptor models in source...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint