Articles | Volume 16, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10215-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10215-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Characteristics of total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in an industrial complex in South Korea: impacts from local sources
Yong-Seok Seo
Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health,
Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742,
South Korea
Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1
Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
Seung-Pyo Jeong
Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health,
Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742,
South Korea
Thomas M. Holsen
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson
University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
Young-Ji Han
Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University,
192-1, Hyoja-2-dong, Chuncheon, Kangwondo, 200-701, South Korea
Eunhwa Choi
Asian Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Seoul
National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
Eun Ha Park
Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health,
Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742,
South Korea
Tae Young Kim
Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health,
Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742,
South Korea
Hee-Sang Eum
Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health,
Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742,
South Korea
Dae Gun Park
Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health,
Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742,
South Korea
Eunhye Kim
Department of Environmental, Civil and Transportation Engineering,
Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
Soontae Kim
Department of Environmental, Civil and Transportation Engineering,
Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
Jeong-Hun Kim
Division of Air Pollution Engineering, Department of Climate and Air
Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro
42, Seogu, Incheon, 404-708, South Korea
Jaewon Choi
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Seung-Muk Yi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health,
Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742,
South Korea
Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1
Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
Related authors
Jin-Su Han, Yong-Seok Seo, Moon-Kyung Kim, Thomas M. Holsen, and Seung-Muk Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7653–7662, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7653-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7653-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, mercury (Hg) was sampled weekly in dry and wet deposition and throughfall and monthly in litterfall, and it was volatilized from soil from August 2008 to February 2010 to identify the factors influencing the amount of atmospheric Hg deposited to forested areas in a temperate deciduous forest in South Korea.
Gang-San Lee, Pyung-Rae Kim, Young-Ji Han, Thomas M. Holsen, Yong-Seok Seo, and Seung-Muk Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4119–4133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4119-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4119-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study was initiated to identify the sources affecting speciated mercury concentrations measured on the island located between mainland Korea and China. The results from various approaches consistently show that Korean sources are most important for gaseous oxidized form while for other Hg species regional transport was also important. It is also suggested that the secondary formation of particulate Hg becomes more important as the significance of long-range transport increased.
Laura Hyesung Yang, Daniel J. Jacob, Ruijun Dang, Yujin J. Oak, Haipeng Lin, Jhoon Kim, Shixian Zhai, Nadia K. Colombi, Drew C. Pendergrass, Ellie Beaudry, Viral Shah, Xu Feng, Robert M. Yantosca, Heesung Chong, Junsung Park, Hanlim Lee, Won-Jin Lee, Soontae Kim, Eunhye Kim, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7027–7039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) provides hourly measurements of NO2. We use the chemical transport model to find how emissions, chemistry, and transport drive the changes in NO2 observed by GEMS at different times of the day. In winter, the chemistry plays a minor role, and high daytime emissions dominate the diurnal variation in NO2, balanced by transport. In summer, emissions, chemistry, and transport play an important role in shaping the diurnal variation in NO2.
Hyun Cheol Kim, Soontae Kim, Mark Cohen, Changhan Bae, Dasom Lee, Rick Saylor, Minah Bae, Eunhye Kim, Byeong-Uk Kim, Jin-Ho Yoon, and Ariel Stein
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10065–10080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10065-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Global outbreaks of COVID-19 offer rare opportunities of natural experiments in emission control and corresponding responses of tropospheric chemistry. This study's novel approach investigates (1) isolating the pandemic's impact from natural and anthropogenic variations, (2) emission adjustment to reproduce real-time emissions, and (3) brute-force modeling to investigate Chinese economic activities. Results provide characteristics of the region's chemistry and emissions.
Hyun Cheol Kim, Eunhye Kim, Changhan Bae, Jeong Hoon Cho, Byeong-Uk Kim, and Soontae Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10315–10332, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10315-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10315-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study is intended to provide reference information regarding quantitative estimation of regional contributions and model uncertainty in meteorology simulations and emissions inventories. Simulated PM concentration is sensitive to meteorology, but estimated contributions are mostly robust. Regional contributions are also found to be sensitive to the choice of emissions inventories. The modeled results should be considered with caution when interpreted for emission regulation policy making.
Hyun Cheol Kim, Soontae Kim, Seok-Woo Son, Pius Lee, Chun-Sil Jin, Eunhye Kim, Byeong-Uk Kim, Fong Ngan, Changhan Bae, Chang-Keun Song, and Ariel Stein
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-673, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-673, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, frequent occurrence of severe haze events in East Asia is one of the most serious public concerns in this region. We demonstrate that daily pollutant transport patterns in East Asia are visible from satellite images when inspected with corresponding synoptic weather analyses. Our manuscript focuses on the possible role of meteorology, especially by the routine passages of synoptic systems, on the production and removal of regional pollution in East Asia.
Jin-Su Han, Yong-Seok Seo, Moon-Kyung Kim, Thomas M. Holsen, and Seung-Muk Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7653–7662, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7653-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7653-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, mercury (Hg) was sampled weekly in dry and wet deposition and throughfall and monthly in litterfall, and it was volatilized from soil from August 2008 to February 2010 to identify the factors influencing the amount of atmospheric Hg deposited to forested areas in a temperate deciduous forest in South Korea.
Gang-San Lee, Pyung-Rae Kim, Young-Ji Han, Thomas M. Holsen, Yong-Seok Seo, and Seung-Muk Yi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4119–4133, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4119-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4119-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study was initiated to identify the sources affecting speciated mercury concentrations measured on the island located between mainland Korea and China. The results from various approaches consistently show that Korean sources are most important for gaseous oxidized form while for other Hg species regional transport was also important. It is also suggested that the secondary formation of particulate Hg becomes more important as the significance of long-range transport increased.
S. Song, N. E. Selin, A. L. Soerensen, H. Angot, R. Artz, S. Brooks, E.-G. Brunke, G. Conley, A. Dommergue, R. Ebinghaus, T. M. Holsen, D. A. Jaffe, S. Kang, P. Kelley, W. T. Luke, O. Magand, K. Marumoto, K. A. Pfaffhuber, X. Ren, G.-R. Sheu, F. Slemr, T. Warneke, A. Weigelt, P. Weiss-Penzias, D. C. Wip, and Q. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7103–7125, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7103-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A better knowledge of mercury (Hg) emission fluxes into the global atmosphere is important for assessing its human health impacts and evaluating the effectiveness of corresponding policy actions. We for the first time apply a top-down approach at a global scale to quantitatively estimate present-day mercury emission sources as well as key parameters in a chemical transport model, in order to better constrain the global biogeochemical cycle of mercury.
B. H. Czader, P. Percell, D. Byun, S. Kim, and Y. Choi
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1383–1394, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1383-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1383-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the development and evaluation of a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian modeling tool based on the CMAQ model. In this tool, a small sub-domain consisting of grid cells in horizontal and veridical directions follows a trajectory defined by the mean mixed-layer wind. The advantage of this tool compared to other Lagrangian models is its capability to utilize realistic boundary conditions that change with space and time as well as a detailed treatment of chemical reactions.
S. Wang, T. M. Holsen, J. Huang, and Y.-J. Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-8585-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-8585-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Y.-H. Ryu, J.-J. Baik, K.-H. Kwak, S. Kim, and N. Moon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2177–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2177-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2177-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
The impact of organic nitrates on summer ozone formation in Shanghai, China
Differences in the key volatile organic compound species between their emitted and ambient concentrations in ozone formation
Mechanistic insights into chloroacetic acid production from atmospheric multiphase volatile organic compound–chlorine chemistry
Accurate elucidation of oxidation under heavy ozone pollution: a full suite of radical measurements in the chemically complex atmosphere
Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from different cumulative-mileage diesel vehicles at various ambient temperatures
Characterization of nitrous acid and its potential effects on secondary pollution in the warm season in Beijing urban areas
Vertical changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and impacts on photochemical ozone formation
Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations in δ(18O) of atmospheric O2 and its application to evaluate natural and anthropogenic changes in oxygen, carbon, and water cycles
Cloud processing of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation products limits sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbonyl sulfide (OCS) production in the eastern North Atlantic marine boundary layer
Atmospheric carbonyl compounds are crucial in regional ozone heavy pollution: insights from the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration, China
Understanding summertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation and its relation to aerosol pollution: insights from high-resolution measurements and modeling
Measurement report: Exploring the variations in ambient BTEX in urban Europe and their environmental health implications
Seasonal air concentration variability, gas–particle partitioning, precipitation scavenging, and air–water equilibrium of organophosphate esters in southern Canada
Global Ground-based Tropospheric Ozone Measurements: Reference Data and Individual Site Trends (2000–2022) from the TOAR-II/HEGIFTOM Project
Measurement report: Surface exchange fluxes of HONO during the growth process of paddy fields in the Huaihe River Basin, China
Marine emissions and trade winds control the atmospheric nitrous oxide in the Galapagos Islands
Molecular and seasonal characteristics of organic vapors in urban Beijing: insights from Vocus-PTR measurements
The variations in volatile organic compounds based on the policy change for Omicron in the traffic hub of Zhengzhou
On the dynamics of ozone depletion events at Villum Research Station in the High Arctic
VOC sources and impacts at an urban Mediterranean area (Marseille – France)
Measurement report: Long-term measurements of surface ozone and trends in semi-natural sub-Saharan African ecosystems
Characterization of biogenic volatile organic compounds and their oxidation products in a stressed spruce-dominated forest close to a biogas power plant
Reactive chlorine-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds impact atmospheric chemistry in the megacity of Delhi during both clean and extremely polluted seasons
Analysis of the day-to-day variability of ozone vertical profiles in the lower troposphere during the 2022 Paris ACROSS campaign
Significant influence of oxygenated volatile organic compounds on atmospheric chemistry analysis: A case study in a typical industrial city in China
Short lifetimes of organic nitrates in a sub-urban temperate forest indicate efficient assimilation of reactive nitrogen by the biosphere
Ozone deposition measurements over wheat fields in the North China Plain: variability and related factors of deposition flux and velocity
Consistency evaluation of tropospheric ozone from ozonesonde and IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) observations: vertical distribution, ozonesonde types, and station–airport distance
CO2 and CO temporal variability over Mexico City from ground-based total column and surface measurements
Investigating carbonyl compounds above the Amazon rainforest using a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) with NO+ chemical ionization
Measurement report: In-flight and ground-based measurements of nitrogen oxide emissions from latest-generation jet engines and 100 % sustainable aviation fuel
Measurement report: Sources, sinks, and lifetime of NOx in a suburban temperate forest at night
Measurement report: Urban ammonia and amines in Houston, Texas
Biomass-burning sources control ambient particulate matter, but traffic and industrial sources control volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and secondary-pollutant formation during extreme pollution events in Delhi
Multi-year observations of variable incomplete combustion in the New York megacity
Observations of the vertical distributions of summertime atmospheric pollutants in Nam Co: OH production and source analysis
Spatiotemporal variations in atmospheric CH4 concentrations and enhancements in northern China based on a comprehensive dataset: Ground-based observations, TROPOMI data, inventory data and inversions
Measurement report: Elevated atmospheric ammonia may promote particle pH and HONO formation – insights from the COVID-19 pandemic
Measurement report: Vertical and temporal variability in the near-surface ozone production rate and sensitivity in an urban area in the Pearl River Delta region, China
Elevated oxidized mercury in the free troposphere: analytical advances and application at a remote continental mountaintop site
Using observed urban NOx sinks to constrain VOC reactivity and the ozone and radical budget in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Real-world emission characteristics of VOCs from typical cargo ships and their potential contributions to secondary organic aerosol and O3 under low-sulfur fuel policies
NO3 reactivity during a summer period in a temperate forest below and above the canopy
The role of oceanic ventilation and terrestrial outflow in atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons over the Chinese marginal seas
Concentration and source changes of nitrous acid (HONO) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing
Characteristics and sources of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and O3–NOx–NMVOC relationships in Zhengzhou, China
Measurement report: TURBAN observation campaign combining street-level low-cost air quality sensors and meteorological profile measurements in Prague
Deciphering anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to selected non-methane volatile organic compound emissions in an urban area
Emission characteristics of reactive organic gases (ROGs) from industrial volatile chemical products (VCPs) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China
Measurement report: Enhanced photochemical formation of formic and isocyanic acids in urban regions aloft – insights from tower-based online gradient measurements
Chunmeng Li, Xiaorui Chen, Haichao Wang, Tianyu Zhai, Xuefei Ma, Xinping Yang, Shiyi Chen, Min Zhou, Shengrong Lou, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, and Keding Lu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3905–3918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3905-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3905-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports an observation of organic nitrate (including total peroxy nitrates and total alkyl nitrates) in Shanghai, China, during the summer of 2021, by homemade thermal dissociation cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (TD-CEAS; Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4033–4051, 2021). The distribution of organic nitrates and their effects on local ozone production are analyzed based on field observations in conjunction with model simulations.
Xudong Zheng and Shaodong Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3807–3820, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3807-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3807-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To reduce uncertainties in identifying the key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone (O3) formation from ambient concentrations, this study comprehensively calculates the emitted VOC concentrations during both nighttime and daytime using the nitrate radical, O3, and hydroxyl radical reaction rates and ambient VOC concentrations. Based on the emitted concentrations, isoprene is one of the top three species contributing to O3 formation, which may be overlooked in observed concentrations.
Mingxue Li, Men Xia, Chunshui Lin, Yifan Jiang, Weihang Sun, Yurun Wang, Yingnan Zhang, Maoxia He, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3753–3764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3753-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3753-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our field campaigns observed a strong diel pattern of chloroacetic acid as well as a strong correlation between its level and that of reactive chlorine species at a coastal site. Using quantum chemical calculations and box model simulation with an updated Master Chemical Mechanism, we found that the formation pathway of chloroacetic acid involved multiphase processes. Our study enhances understanding of atmospheric organic chlorine chemistry and emphasizes the importance of multiphase reactions.
Renzhi Hu, Guoxian Zhang, Haotian Cai, Jingyi Guo, Keding Lu, Xin Li, Shengrong Lou, Zhaofeng Tan, Changjin Hu, Pinhua Xie, and Wenqing Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3011–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3011-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3011-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A full suite of radical measurements (OH, HO2, RO2, and kOH) was established to accurately elucidate the limitations of oxidation in a chemically complex atmosphere. Sensitivity tests revealed that the incorporation of complex processes enabled a balance in both radical concentrations and coordinate ratios, effectively addressing the deficiency in the ozone generation mechanism. The full-chain radical detection bridged the gap between the photochemistry and the intensive oxidation level.
Shuwen Guo, Xuan Zheng, Xiao He, Lewei Zeng, Liqiang He, Xian Wu, Yifei Dai, Zihao Huang, Ting Chen, Shupei Xiao, Yan You, Sheng Xiang, Shaojun Zhang, Jingkun Jiang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2695–2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2695-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2695-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We considered two potential influencing factors of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions that are rarely mentioned in the literature: cumulative mileage and ambient temperatures. The results suggest that prolonged use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles and low ambient temperatures leads to reduced engine combustion efficiency, which in turn increases tailpipe emissions significantly.
Junling Li, Chaofan Lian, Mingyuan Liu, Hao Zhang, Yongxin Yan, Yufei Song, Chun Chen, Jiaqi Wang, Haijie Zhang, Yanqin Ren, Yucong Guo, Weigang Wang, Yisheng Xu, Hong Li, Jian Gao, and Maofa Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2551–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2551-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2551-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
As a key source of hydroxyl (OH) radical, nitrous acid (HONO) has attracted much attention for its important role in the atmospheric oxidant capacity (AOC) increase. In this study, we made a comparison of the ambient levels, variation patterns, sources, and formation pathway in the warm season on the basis of continuous intensive observations at an urban site of Beijing. This work highlights the importance of HONO for the AOC in the warm season.
Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Yibo Huangfu, Suxia Yang, Xin Song, Jipeng Qi, Xianjun He, Sihang Wang, Yubin Chen, Qing Yang, Yongxin Song, Yuwen Peng, Guiqian Tang, Jian Gao, Dasa Gu, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2459–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2459-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2459-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Online vertical gradient measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and NOx were conducted based on a 325 m tall tower in urban Beijing. Vertical changes in the concentrations, compositions, key drivers, and environmental impacts of VOCs were analyzed in this study. We find that VOC species display differentiated vertical variation patterns and distinct roles in contributing to photochemical ozone formation with increasing height in the urban planetary boundary layer.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Satoshi Sugawara, and Atsushi Okazaki
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1965–1987, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1965-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The 18O/16O ratio of atmospheric oxygen, δatm(18O), is higher than that of ocean water due to isotopic effects during biospheric activities. This is known as the Dole–Morita effect, and its millennial-scale variations are recorded in ice cores. However, small variations of δatm(18O) in the present day have never been detected so far. This paper presents the first observations of diurnal, seasonal, and secular variations in δatm(18O) and applies them to evaluate oxygen, carbon, and water cycles.
Delaney B. Kilgour, Christopher M. Jernigan, Olga Garmash, Sneha Aggarwal, Shengqian Zhou, Claudia Mohr, Matt E. Salter, Joel A. Thornton, Jian Wang, Paul Zieger, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1931–1947, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1931-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1931-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We report simultaneous measurements of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) in the eastern North Atlantic. We use an observationally constrained box model to show that cloud loss is the dominant sink of HPMTF in this region over 6 weeks, resulting in large reductions in DMS-derived products that contribute to aerosol formation and growth. Our findings indicate that fast cloud processing of HPMTF must be included in global models to accurately capture the sulfur cycle.
Jiemeng Bao, Xin Zhang, Zhenhai Wu, Li Zhou, Jun Qian, Qinwen Tan, Fumo Yang, Junhui Chen, Yunfeng Li, Hefan Liu, Liqun Deng, and Hong Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1899–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1899-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1899-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We studied carbonyl compounds' role in ozone pollution in the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration, China. During heavy pollution in August 2019, we measured carbonyls at nine sites and analyzed their impact. Areas with higher carbonyl levels, like Chengdu, had worse ozone pollution. While their abundance matters, chemical reactions with other pollutants are the main drivers. Our findings show regional cooperation is vital to reducing ozone pollution effectively.
Baoye Hu, Naihua Chen, Rui Li, Mingqiang Huang, Jinsheng Chen, Youwei Hong, Lingling Xu, Xiaolong Fan, Mengren Li, Lei Tong, Qiuping Zheng, and Yuxiang Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 905–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-905-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-905-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Box modeling with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) was used to explore summertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation and its link to aerosol pollution under high-ozone conditions. The MCM model is effective in the study of PAN photochemical formation and performed better during the clean period than the haze period. Machine learning analysis identified ammonia, nitrate, and fine particulate matter as the top three factors contributing to simulation bias.
Xiansheng Liu, Xun Zhang, Marvin Dufresne, Tao Wang, Lijie Wu, Rosa Lara, Roger Seco, Marta Monge, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Marie Gohy, Paul Petit, Audrey Chevalier, Marie-Pierre Vagnot, Yann Fortier, Alexia Baudic, Véronique Ghersi, Grégory Gille, Ludovic Lanzi, Valérie Gros, Leïla Simon, Heidi Héllen, Stefan Reimann, Zoé Le Bras, Michelle Jessy Müller, David Beddows, Siqi Hou, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, William Bloss, James Dernie, Stéphane Sauvage, Philip K. Hopke, Xiaoli Duan, Taicheng An, Alastair C. Lewis, James R. Hopkins, Eleni Liakakou, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Xiaohu Zhang, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Thérèse Salameh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 625–638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-625-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-625-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) pollution in urban areas across seven European countries. Analyzing data from 22 monitoring sites, we found traffic and industrial activities significantly impact BTEX levels, with peaks during rush hours. The risk from BTEX exposure remains moderate, especially in high-traffic and industrial zones, highlighting the need for targeted air quality management to protect public health and improve urban air quality.
Yuening Li, Faqiang Zhan, Chubashini Shunthirasingham, Ying Duan Lei, Jenny Oh, Amina Ben Chaaben, Zhe Lu, Kelsey Lee, Frank A. P. C. Gobas, Hayley Hung, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 459–472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-459-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-459-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Organophosphate esters are important humanmade trace contaminants. Measuring them in the atmospheric gas phase, particles, precipitation, and surface water in Canada, we explore seasonal concentration variability, gas–particle partitioning, precipitation scavenging, and the air–water equilibrium. Whereas higher summer concentrations and efficient precipitation scavenging conform with expectations, the lack of a relationship between compound volatility and gas–particle partitioning is puzzling.
Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, Debra E. Kollonige, Ryan M. Stauffer, Herman G. J. Smit, Eliane Maillard Barras, Corinne Vigouroux, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Thierry Leblanc, Valérie Thouret, Pawel Wolff, Peter Effertz, David W. Tarasick, Deniz Poyraz, Gérard Ancellet, Marie-Renée De Backer, Stéphanie Evan, Victoria Flood, Matthias M. Frey, James W. Hannigan, José L. Hernandez, Marco Iarlori, Bryan J. Johnson, Nicholas Jones, Rigel Kivi, Emmanuel Mahieu, Glen McConville, Katrin Müller, Tomoo Nagahama, Justus Notholt, Ankie Piters, Natalia Prats, Richard Querel, Dan Smale, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Kimberly Strong, and Ralf Sussmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3736, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3736, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ozone is an important greenhouse gas and is an air pollutant. The time variability of tropospheric ozone is mainly driven by anthropogenic emissions. In this paper, we study the distribution and time variability of ozone from harmonized ground-based observations from five different measurement techniques. Our findings will provide clear standard references for atmospheric models and evolving tropospheric ozone satellite data for the 2000–2022 period.
Fanhao Meng, Baobin Han, Min Qin, Wu Fang, Ke Tang, Dou Shao, Zhitang Liao, Jun Duan, Yan Feng, Yong Huang, Ting Ni, and Pinhua Xie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 14191–14208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive observations of HONO and NOx fluxes were conducted over paddy fields in the Huaihe River Basin. Consecutive peaks in HONO and NO fluxes suggest a potentially enhanced release of HONO and NO due to soil tillage, whereas waterlogged soil may inhibit microbial nitrification processes following irrigation. Notably, biological processes and light-driven NO2 reactions at the surface may serve as sources of HONO and influence the local HONO budget during rotary tillage.
Timur Cinay, Dickon Young, Nazaret Narváez Jimenez, Cristina Vintimilla-Palacios, Ariel Pila Alonso, Paul B. Krummel, William Vizuete, and Andrew R. Babbin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3769, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the initial 15 months of nitrous oxide measurements from the Galapagos Emissions Monitoring Station. The observed variability in atmospheric mole fractions during this period can be linked to several factors: seasonal variations in trade wind speed and direction across the eastern Pacific, differences in the transport history of air masses sampled, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity in regional marine nitrous oxide emissions from coastal upwelling systems of Peru and Chile.
Zhaojin An, Rujing Yin, Xinyan Zhao, Xiaoxiao Li, Yuyang Li, Yi Yuan, Junchen Guo, Yiqi Zhao, Xue Li, Dandan Li, Yaowei Li, Dongbin Wang, Chao Yan, Kebin He, Douglas R. Worsnop, Frank N. Keutsch, and Jingkun Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13793–13810, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13793-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13793-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Online Vocus-PTR measurements show the compositions and seasonal variations in organic vapors in urban Beijing. With enhanced sensitivity and mass resolution, various species at a level of sub-parts per trillion (ppt) and organics with multiple oxygens (≥ 3) were observed. The fast photooxidation process in summer leads to an increase in both concentration and proportion of organics with multiple oxygens, while, in other seasons, the variations in them could be influenced by mixed sources.
Bowen Zhang, Dong Zhang, Zhe Dong, Xinshuai Song, Ruiqin Zhang, and Xiao Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13587–13601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13587-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13587-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To gain insight into the impact of changes due to epidemic control policies, we undertook continuous online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an urban site in Zhengzhou over a 2-month period. This study examines the characteristics of VOCs, their sources, and their temporal evolution. It also assesses the impact of the policy change on VOC pollution during the monitoring period, thus providing a basis for further research on VOC pollution and source control.
Jakob Boyd Pernov, Jens Liengaard Hjorth, Lise Lotte Sørensen, and Henrik Skov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13603–13631, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13603-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13603-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic ozone depletion events (ODEs) occur every spring and have vast implications for the oxidizing capacity, radiative balance, and mercury oxidation. In this study, we analyze ozone, ODEs, and their connection to meteorological and air mass history variables through statistical analyses, back trajectories, and machine learning (ML) at Villum Research Station. ODEs are favorable under sunny, calm conditions with air masses arriving from northerly wind directions with sea ice contact.
Marvin Dufresne, Thérèse Salameh, Thierry Léonardis, Grégory Gille, Alexandre Armengaud, and Stéphane Sauvage
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3576, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3576, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is about the eighteen-months measurement of Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) at Marseille, were there was no measurement since early 2000 despite the impact of NMHC on air quality and climate. The traffic related sources are the first contributor to NMHC concentrations in Marseille and shipping strongly contribute to the formation of aerosols. Finally, the lockdown due to the Covid-19 had an impact on NMHC concentrations reaching a fifty percents decreasing for traffic-related sources.
Hagninou Elagnon Venance Donnou, Aristide Barthélémy Akpo, Money Ossohou, Claire Delon, Véronique Yoboué, Dungall Laouali, Marie Ouafo-Leumbe, Pieter Gideon Van Zyl, Ousmane Ndiaye, Eric Gardrat, Maria Dias-Alves, and Corinne Galy-Lacaux
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13151–13182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13151-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13151-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone is a secondary air pollutant that is detrimental to human and plant health. A better understanding of its chemical evolution is a challenge for Africa, where it is still undersampled. Out of 14 sites examined (1995–2020), high levels of O3 are reported in southern Africa. The dominant chemical processes leading to O3 formation are identified. A decrease in O3 is observed at Katibougou (Mali) and Banizoumbou (Niger), and an increase is found at Zoétélé (Cameroon) and Skukuza (South Africa).
Junwei Song, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Ralf Tillmann, Nicolas Brüggemann, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13199–13217, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and organic aerosol (OA) particles were measured online in a stressed spruce-dominated forest. OA was mainly attributed to the monoterpene oxidation products. The mixing ratios of BVOCs were higher than the values previously measured in other temperate forests. The results demonstrate that BVOCs are influenced not only by meteorology and biogenic emissions but also by local anthropogenic emissions and subsequent chemical transformation processes.
Sachin Mishra, Vinayak Sinha, Haseeb Hakkim, Arpit Awasthi, Sachin D. Ghude, Vijay Kumar Soni, Narendra Nigam, Baerbel Sinha, and Madhavan N. Rajeevan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13129–13150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified 111 gases using mass spectrometry to understand how seasonal and emission changes lead from clean air in the monsoon season to extremely polluted air in the post-monsoon season in Delhi. Averaged total mass concentrations (260 µg m-3) were > 4 times in polluted periods, driven by biomass burning emissions and reduced atmospheric ventilation. Reactive gaseous nitrogen, chlorine, and sulfur compounds hitherto unreported from such a polluted environment were discovered.
Gérard Ancellet, Camille Viatte, Anne Boynard, François Ravetta, Jacques Pelon, Cristelle Cailteau-Fischbach, Pascal Genau, Julie Capo, Axel Roy, and Philippe Nédélec
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12963–12983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12963-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12963-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Characterization of ozone pollution in urban areas benefited from a measurement campaign in summer 2022 in the Paris region. The analysis is based on 21 d of lidar and aircraft observations. The main objective is an analysis of the sensitivity of ozone pollution to the micrometeorological processes in the urban atmospheric boundary layer and the transport of regional pollution. The paper also discusses to what extent satellite observations can track observed ozone plumes.
Jingwen Dai, Kun Zhang, Yanli Feng, Xin Yi, Rui Li, Jin Xue, Qing Li, Lishu Shi, Jiaqiang Liao, Yanan Yi, Fangting Wang, Liumei Yang, Hui Chen, Ling Huang, Jiani Tan, Yangjun Wang, and Li Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3201, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) are important ozone (O3) precursors. However, most of O3 formation analysis based on the box model (OBM) don't include OVOCs constraint To access the interference of OVOCs on O3 simulation, this study conducted field campaign and OBM analysis. The results indicates that no OVOCs constraint in the OBM can lead to overestimate of OVOCs, free radicals, and O3.
Simone T. Andersen, Rolf Sander, Patrick Dewald, Laura Wüst, Tobias Seubert, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Max R. McGillen, Chaoyang Xue, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Alexandre Kukui, Vincent Michoud, Manuela Cirtog, Mathieu Cazaunau, Astrid Bauville, Hichem Bouzidi, Paola Formenti, Cyrielle Denjean, Jean-Claude Etienne, Olivier Garrouste, Christopher Cantrell, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3437, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3437, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements and modelling of reactive nitrogen gases observed in a suburban temperate forest in Rambouillet, France circa 50 km southwest of Paris in 2022 indicate that the biosphere rapidly scavenges organic nitrates of mixed biogenic and anthropogenic origin, resulting in short lifetimes for e.g. alkyl nitrates and peroxy nitrates.
Xiaoyi Zhang, Wanyun Xu, Weili Lin, Gen Zhang, Jinjian Geng, Li Zhou, Huarong Zhao, Sanxue Ren, Guangsheng Zhou, Jianmin Chen, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12323–12340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) deposition is a key process that removes surface O3, affecting air quality, ecosystems and climate change. We conducted O3 deposition measurement over a wheat canopy using a newly relaxed eddy accumulation flux system. Large variabilities in O3 deposition were detected, mainly determined by crop growth and modulated by various environmental factors. More O3 deposition observations over different surfaces are needed for exploring deposition mechanisms and model optimization.
Honglei Wang, David W. Tarasick, Jane Liu, Herman G. J. Smit, Roeland Van Malderen, Lijuan Shen, Romain Blot, and Tianliang Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11927–11942, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11927-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11927-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we identify 23 suitable pairs of sites from World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) and In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) datasets (1995 to 2021), compare the average vertical distributions of tropospheric O3 from ozonesonde and aircraft measurements, and analyze the differences based on ozonesonde type and station–airport distance.
Noémie Taquet, Wolfgang Stremme, María Eugenia González del Castillo, Victor Almanza, Alejandro Bezanilla, Olivier Laurent, Carlos Alberti, Frank Hase, Michel Ramonet, Thomas Lauvaux, Ke Che, and Michel Grutter
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11823–11848, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11823-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11823-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We characterize the variability in CO and CO2 emissions over Mexico City from long-term time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy solar absorption and surface measurements from 2013 to 2021. Using the average intraday CO growth rate from total columns, the average CO / CO2 ratio and TROPOMI data, we estimate the interannual variability in the CO and CO2 anthropogenic emissions of Mexico City, highlighting the effect of an unprecedented drop in activity due to the COVID-19 lockdown.
Akima Ringsdorf, Achim Edtbauer, Bruna Holanda, Christopher Poehlker, Marta O. Sá, Alessandro Araújo, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Jos Lelieveld, and Jonathan Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11883–11910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show the average height distribution of separately observed aldehydes and ketones over a day and discuss their rainforest-specific sources and sinks as well as their seasonal changes above the Amazon. Ketones have much longer atmospheric lifetimes than aldehydes and thus different implications for atmospheric chemistry. However, they are commonly observed together, which we overcome by measuring with a NO+ chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the first time in the Amazon rainforest.
Theresa Harlass, Rebecca Dischl, Stefan Kaufmann, Raphael Märkl, Daniel Sauer, Monika Scheibe, Paul Stock, Tiziana Bräuer, Andreas Dörnbrack, Anke Roiger, Hans Schlager, Ulrich Schumann, Magdalena Pühl, Tobias Schripp, Tobias Grein, Linda Bondorf, Charles Renard, Maxime Gauthier, Mark Johnson, Darren Luff, Paul Madden, Peter Swann, Denise Ahrens, Reetu Sallinen, and Christiane Voigt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11807–11822, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11807-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11807-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from aircraft have a direct impact on our climate. Here, we present airborne and ground-based measurement data of nitrogen oxides that were collected in the exhaust of an Airbus aircraft. We study the impact of burning fossil and sustainable aviation fuel on nitrogen oxide emissions at different engine settings related to combustor temperature, pressure and fuel flow. Further, we compare observations with engine emission models.
Simone T. Andersen, Max R. McGillen, Chaoyang Xue, Tobias Seubert, Patrick Dewald, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Cyrielle Denjean, Jean-Claude Etienne, Olivier Garrouste, Marina Jamar, Sergio Harb, Manuela Cirtog, Vincent Michoud, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Christopher Cantrell, Sebastien Dusanter, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Alexandre Kukui, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Lucy J. Carpenter, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11603–11618, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11603-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11603-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using measurements of various trace gases in a suburban forest near Paris in the summer of 2022, we were able to gain insight into the sources and sinks of NOx (NO+NO2) with a special focus on their nighttime chemical and physical loss processes. NO was observed as a result of nighttime soil emissions when O3 levels were strongly depleted by deposition. NO oxidation products were not observed at night, indicating that soil and/or foliar surfaces are an efficient sink of reactive N.
Lee Tiszenkel, James H. Flynn, and Shan-Hu Lee
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11351–11363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11351-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11351-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia and amines are important ingredients for aerosol formation in urban environments, but the measurements of these compounds are extremely challenging. Our observations show that urban ammonia and amines in Houston are emitted from urban sources, and diurnal variations in their concentrations are likely governed by gas-to-particle conversion and emissions.
Arpit Awasthi, Baerbel Sinha, Haseeb Hakkim, Sachin Mishra, Varkrishna Mummidivarapu, Gurmanjot Singh, Sachin D. Ghude, Vijay Kumar Soni, Narendra Nigam, Vinayak Sinha, and Madhavan N. Rajeevan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10279–10304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10279-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10279-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use 111 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM10, and PM2.5 in a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to resolve 11 pollution sources validated with chemical fingerprints. Crop residue burning and heating account for ~ 50 % of the PM, while traffic and industrial emissions dominate the gas-phase VOC burden and formation potential of secondary organic aerosols (> 60 %). Non-tailpipe emissions from compressed-natural-gas-fuelled commercial vehicles dominate the transport sector's PM burden.
Luke D. Schiferl, Cong Cao, Bronte Dalton, Andrew Hallward-Driemeier, Ricardo Toledo-Crow, and Róisín Commane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10129–10142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an air pollutant and an important indicator of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in cities. Using 4 years of winter and spring observations in New York City, we found that both the magnitude and variability of CO from the metropolitan area are greater than expected. Transportation emissions cannot explain the missing and variable CO, which points to energy from buildings as a likely underappreciated source of urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Chengzhi Xing, Cheng Liu, Chunxiang Ye, Jingkai Xue, Hongyu Wu, Xiangguang Ji, Jinping Ou, and Qihou Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10093–10112, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We identified the contributions of ozone (O3) and nitrous acid (HONO) to the production rates of hydroxide (OH) in vertical space on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A new insight was offered: the contributions of HONO and O3 to the production rates of OH on the TP are even greater than in lower-altitudes areas. This study enriches the understanding of vertical distribution of atmospheric components and explains the strong atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) on the TP.
Pengfei Han, Ning Zeng, Bo Yao, Wen Zhang, Weijun Quan, Pucai Wang, Ting Wang, Minqiang Zhou, Qixiang Cai, Yuzhong Zhang, Ruosi Liang, Wanqi Sun, and Shengxiang Liu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2162, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2162, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas. Northern China contributes a large proportion of CH4 emissions yet large observation gaps are existed. Here we compiled a comprehensive dataset which is publicly available including ground-based, satellite-based, inventory and modeling results, to show the CH4 concentrations, enhancements and spatial-temporal variations. The data can benefit the research community, and policy makers for future observations, atmospheric inversions and policy-making.
Xinyuan Zhang, Lingling Wang, Nan Wang, Shuangliang Ma, Shenbo Wang, Ruiqin Zhang, Dong Zhang, Mingkai Wang, and Hongyu Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9885–9898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9885-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9885-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights the importance of the redox reaction of NO2 with SO2 based on actual atmospheric observations. The particle pH in future China is expected to rise steadily. Consequently, this reaction could become a significant source of HONO in China. Therefore, it is crucial to coordinate the control of SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions to avoid a rapid increase in the particle pH.
Jun Zhou, Chunsheng Zhang, Aiming Liu, Bin Yuan, Yan Wang, Wenjie Wang, Jie-Ping Zhou, Yixin Hao, Xiao-Bing Li, Xianjun He, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Suxia Yang, Shuchun Yang, Yanfeng Wu, Bin Jiang, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Yuwen Peng, Jipeng Qi, Minhui Deng, Bowen Zhong, Yibo Huangfu, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9805–9826, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9805-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9805-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In-depth understanding of the near-ground vertical variability in photochemical ozone (O3) formation is crucial for mitigating O3 pollution. Utilizing a self-built vertical observation system, a direct net photochemical O3 production rate detection system, and an observation-based model, we diagnosed the vertical distributions and formation mechanism of net photochemical O3 production rates and sensitivity in the Pearl River Delta region, one of the most O3-polluted areas in China.
Eleanor J. Derry, Tyler R. Elgiar, Taylor Y. Wilmot, Nicholas W. Hoch, Noah S. Hirshorn, Peter Weiss-Penzias, Christopher F. Lee, John C. Lin, A. Gannet Hallar, Rainer Volkamer, Seth N. Lyman, and Lynne E. Gratz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9615–9643, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9615-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9615-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury (Hg) is a globally distributed neurotoxic pollutant. Atmospheric deposition is the main source of Hg in ecosystems. However, measurement biases hinder understanding of the origins and abundance of the more bioavailable oxidized form. We used an improved, calibrated measurement system to study air mass composition and transport of atmospheric Hg at a remote mountaintop site in the central US. Oxidized Hg originated upwind in the low to middle free troposphere under clean, dry conditions.
Benjamin A. Nault, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Donald R. Blake, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Ronald C. Cohen, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Samuel R. Hall, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Kyung-Eun Min, Young Ro Lee, Isobel J. Simpson, Kirk Ullmann, and Armin Wisthaler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9573–9595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9573-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) is a pollutant formed from the reactions of gases emitted from various sources. In urban areas, the density of human activities can increase the O3 formation rate (P(O3)), thus impacting air quality and health. Observations collected over Seoul, South Korea, are used to constrain P(O3). A high local P(O3) was found; however, local P(O3) was partly reduced due to compounds typically ignored. These observations also provide constraints for unmeasured compounds that will impact P(O3).
Fan Zhang, Binyu Xiao, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Rui Li, Can Wu, Yali Lei, Si Zhang, Xinyi Wan, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8999–9017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8999-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mandatory use of low-sulfur fuel due to global sulfur limit regulations means large uncertainties in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. On-board tests of VOCs from nine cargo ships in China were carried out. Results showed that switching from heavy-fuel oil to diesel increased emission factor VOCs by 48 % on average, enhancing O3 and the secondary organic aerosol formation potential. Thus, implementing a global ultra-low-sulfur oil policy needs to be optimized in the near future.
Patrick Dewald, Tobias Seubert, Simone T. Andersen, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Max R. McGillen, Cyrielle Denjean, Jean-Claude Etienne, Olivier Garrouste, Marina Jamar, Sergio Harb, Manuela Cirtog, Vincent Michoud, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Christopher Cantrell, Sebastien Dusanter, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Alexandre Kukui, Chaoyang Xue, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8983–8997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8983-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8983-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the scope of a field campaign in a suburban forest near Paris in the summer of 2022, we measured the reactivity of the nitrate radical NO3 towards biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs; e.g. monoterpenes) mainly below but also above the canopy. NO3 reactivity was the highest during nights with strong temperature inversions and decreased strongly with height. Reactions with BVOCs were the main removal process of NO3 throughout the diel cycle below the canopy.
Jian Wang, Lei Xue, Qianyao Ma, Feng Xu, Gaobin Xu, Shibo Yan, Jiawei Zhang, Jianlong Li, Honghai Zhang, Guiling Zhang, and Zhaohui Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8721–8736, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8721-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the distribution and sources of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the lower atmosphere over the marginal seas of China. NMHCs, a subset of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry. Derived from systematic atmospheric sampling in coastal cities and marginal sea regions, this study offers valuable insights into the interaction between land and sea in shaping offshore atmospheric NMHCs.
Yusheng Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Zemin Feng, Chaofan Lian, Weigang Wang, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Ma, Zhuohui Lin, Chang Li, Gen Zhang, Chao Yan, Ying Zhang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Federico Bianch, Tuukka Petäjä, Juha Kangasluoma, Markku Kulmala, and Yongchun Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8569–8587, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8569-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The nitrous acid (HONO) budget was validated during a COVID-19 lockdown event. The main conclusions are (1) HONO concentrations showed a significant decrease from 0.97 to 0.53 ppb during lockdown; (2) vehicle emissions accounted for 53 % of nighttime sources, with the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on ground surfaces more important than aerosol; and (3) the dominant daytime source shifted from the homogenous reaction between NO and OH (51 %) to nitrate photolysis (53 %) during lockdown.
Dong Zhang, Xiao Li, Minghao Yuan, Yifei Xu, Qixiang Xu, Fangcheng Su, Shenbo Wang, and Ruiqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8549–8567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8549-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8549-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The increasing concentration of O3 precursors and unfavorable meteorological conditions are key factors in the formation of O3 pollution in Zhengzhou. Vehicular exhausts (28 %), solvent usage (27 %), and industrial production (22 %) are identified as the main sources of NMVOCs. Moreover, O3 formation in Zhengzhou is found to be in an anthropogenic volatile organic compound (AVOC)-limited regime. Thus, to reduce O3 formation, a minimum AVOCs / NOx reduction ratio ≥ 3 : 1 is recommended.
Petra Bauerová, Josef Keder, Adriana Šindelářová, Ondřej Vlček, William Patiño, Jaroslav Resler, Pavel Krč, Jan Geletič, Hynek Řezníček, Martin Bureš, Kryštof Eben, Michal Belda, Jelena Radović, Vladimír Fuka, Radek Jareš, and Igor Ezau
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1222, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We implemented an observation campaign focused on street-level air quality and vertical meteorological profile measurement in Prague using low-cost sensors and remote sensing devices. Low-cost sensors have undergone long-term field testing, own data correction and drift evaluation procedures. A high level of NO2 pollution was confirmed due to the traffic load in streets, peaks of aerosol pollution appeared more under inversion conditions. The data will be further used for PALM model validation.
Arianna Peron, Martin Graus, Marcus Striednig, Christian Lamprecht, Georg Wohlfahrt, and Thomas Karl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7063–7083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic fraction of non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions associated with biogenic sources (e.g., terpenes) is investigated based on eddy covariance observations. The anthropogenic fraction of terpene emissions is strongly dependent on season. When analyzing volatile chemical product (VCP) emissions in urban environments, we caution that observations from short-term campaigns might over-/underestimate their significance depending on local and seasonal circumstances.
Sihang Wang, Bin Yuan, Xianjun He, Ru Cui, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Xiao-Bing Li, Boguang Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7101–7121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7101-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7101-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of reactive organic gases from industrial volatile chemical product sources are measured. There are large differences among these industrial sources. We show that oxygenated species account for significant contributions to reactive organic gas emissions, especially for industrial sources utilizing water-borne chemicals.
Qing Yang, Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Yibo Huangfu, Lei Yang, Xianjun He, Jipeng Qi, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6865–6882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Online vertical gradient measurements of formic and isocyanic acids were made based on a 320 m tower in a megacity. Vertical variations and sources of the two acids were analyzed in this study. We find that formic and isocyanic acids exhibited positive vertical gradients and were mainly contributed by photochemical formations. The formation of formic and isocyanic acids was also significantly enhanced in urban regions aloft.
Cited articles
Adame, J., Notario, A., Villanueva, F., and Albaladejo, J.: Application of cluster analysis to surface ozone, NO2 and SO2 daily patterns in an industrial area in Central-Southern Spain measured with a DOAS system, Sci. Total Environ., 429, 281–291, 2012.
AMAP/UNEP: Technical Background Report for the Global Mercury Assessment 2013. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo, Norway/UNEP Chemicals Branch, Geneva, Switzerland, 263 pp., 2013.
Amyot, M., Mcqueen, D. J., Mierle, G., and Lean, D. R.: Sunlight-induced formation of dissolved gaseous mercury in lake waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 2366–2371, 1994.
Ashbaugh, L. L., Malm, W. C., and Sadeh, W. Z.: A residence time probability analysis of sulfur concentrations at Grand Canyon National Park, Atmos. Environ., 19, 1263–1270, 1985.
Begum, B. A., Kim, E., Biswas, S. K., and Hopke, P. K.: Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and semi-urban areas in Bangladesh, Atmos. Environ., 38, 3025–3038, 2004.
Brown, R. J., Goddard, S. L., Butterfield, D. M., Brown, A. S., Robins, C., Mustoe, C. L., and Mcghee, E. A.: Ten years of mercury measurement at urban and industrial air quality monitoring stations in the UK, Atmos. Environ., 109, 1–8, 2015.
Bullock, O. R., Brehme, K. A., and Mapp, G. R.: Lagrangian modeling of mercury air emission, transport and deposition: an analysis of model sensitivity to emissions uncertainty, Sci. Total Environ., 213, 1–12, 1998.
Chen, L., Liu, M., Xu, Z., Fan, R., Tao, J., Chen, D., Zhang, D., Xie, D., and Sun, J.: Variation trends and influencing factors of total gaseous mercury in the Pearl River Delta – A highly industrialised region in South China influenced by seasonal monsoons, Atmos. Environ., 77, 757–766, 2013.
Cheng, I., Zhang, L., Mao, H., Blanchard, P., Tordon, R., and Dalziel, J.: Seasonal and diurnal patterns of speciated atmospheric mercury at a coastal-rural and a coastal-urban site, Atmos. Environ., 82, 193–205, 2014.
Cheng, M. D., Hopke, P. K., and Zeng, Y.: A receptor-oriented methodology for determining source regions of particulate sulfate observed at Dorset, Ontario, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98, 16839–16849, 1993.
Choi, E.-M., Kim, S.-H., Holsen, T. M., and Yi, S.-M.: Total gaseous concentrations in mercury in Seoul, Korea: local sources compared to long-range transport from China and Japan, Environ. Pollut., 157, 816–822, 2009.
Choi, E.-M., Heo, J.-B., Hopke, P. K., Jin, B.-B., and Yi, S.-M.: Identification, apportionment, and photochemical reactivity of non-methane hydrocarbon sources in Busan, Korea, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 215, 67–82, 2011.
Choi, H.-D., Huang, J., Mondal, S., and Holsen, T. M.: Variation in concentrations of three mercury (Hg) forms at a rural and a suburban site in New York State, Sci. Total Environ., 448, 96–106, 2013.
Dommergue, A., Ferrari, C. P., Planchon, F. A., and Boutron, C. F.: Influence of anthropogenic sources on total gaseous mercury variability in Grenoble suburban air (France), Sci. Total Environ., 297, 203–213, 2002.
Durnford, D., Dastoor, A., Figueras-Nieto, D., and Ryjkov, A.: Long range transport of mercury to the Arctic and across Canada, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6063–6086, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6063-2010, 2010.
Dvonch, J., Graney, J., Marsik, F., Keeler, G., and Stevens, R.: An investigation of source–receptor relationships for mercury in south Florida using event precipitation data, Sci. Total Environ., 213, 95–108, 1998.
Ebinghaus, R., Jennings, S., Kock, H., Derwent, R., Manning, A., and Spain, T.: Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2009, Atmos. Environ., 45, 3475–3480, 2011.
Fang, F., Wang, Q., and Li, J.: Urban environmental mercury in Changchun, a metropolitan city in Northeastern China: source, cycle, and fate, Sci. Total Environ., 330, 159–170, 2004.
Feng, X., Shang, L., Wang, S., Tang, S., and Zheng, W.: Temporal variation of total gaseous mercury in the air of Guiyang, China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D03303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004159, 2004.
Flanders, J., Turner, R., Morrison, T., Jensen, R., Pizzuto, J., Skalak, K., and Stahl, R.: Distribution, behavior, and transport of inorganic and methylmercury in a high gradient stream, Appl. Geochem., 25, 1756–1769, 2010.
Friedli, H. R., Arellano Jr., A. F., Geng, F., Cai, C., and Pan, L.: Measurements of atmospheric mercury in Shanghai during September 2009, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3781–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3781-2011, 2011.
Friedli, H. R., Radke, L. F., Prescott, R., Li, P., Woo, J. H., and Carmichael, G. R.: Mercury in the atmosphere around Japan, Korea, and China as observed during the 2001 ACE-Asia field campaign: Measurements, distributions, sources, and implications, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D19S25, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004244, 2004.
Fu, X., Feng, X., Zhu, W., Wang, S., and Lu, J.: Total gaseous mercury concentrations in ambient air in the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga, South-Eastern fringe of the Tibetan plateau, China, Atmos. Environ., 42, 970–979, 2008.
Fu, X. W., Feng, X., Dong, Z. Q., Yin, R. S., Wang, J. X., Yang, Z. R., and Zhang, H.: Atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and mercury depositions at a high-altitude mountain peak in south China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2425–2437, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2425-2010, 2010.
Fu, X., Zhang, H., Lin, C.-J., Feng, X., Zhou, L., and Fang, S.: Correlation slopes of GEM/CO, GEM/CO2, and GEM/CH4 and estimated mercury emissions in China, South Asia, the Indochinese Peninsula, and Central Asia derived from observations in northwestern and southwestern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1013–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1013-2015, 2015.
Gabriel, M. C., Williamson, D. G., Brooks, S., and Lindberg, S.: Atmospheric speciation of mercury in two contrasting Southeastern US airsheds, Atmos. Environ., 39, 4947–4958, 2005.
Gauchard, P.-A., Ferrari, C. P., Dommergue, A., Poissant, L., Pilote, M., Guehenneux, G., Boutron, C. F., and Baussand, P.: Atmospheric particle evolution during a nighttime atmospheric mercury depletion event in sub-Arctic at Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui, Quebec, Canada, Sci. Total Environ., 336, 215–224, 2005.
Gupta, A., Patil, R., and Gupta, S.: Emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants in a port and harbour region in India, Environ. Monit. Assess., 80, 187–205, 2002.
Hall, C. B., Mao, H., Ye, Z., Talbot, R., Ding, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, J., Wang, T., Lin, C.-J., and Fu, C.: Sources and Dynamic Processes Controlling Background and Peak Concentrations of TGM in Nanjing, China, Atmosphere, 5, 124–155, 2014.
Han, Y.-J., Holsen, T. M., Hopke, P. K., Cheong, J.-P., Kim, H., and Yi, S.-M.: Identification of source locations for atmospheric dry deposition of heavy metals during yellow-sand events in Seoul, Korea in 1998 using hybrid receptor models, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5353–5361, 2004.
Han, Y.-J., Holsen, T. M., Hopke, P. K., and Yi, S.-M.: Comparison between back-trajectory based modeling and Lagrangian backward dispersion modeling for locating sources of reactive gaseous mercury, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1715–1723, 2005.
Han, Y.-J., Kim, J.-E., Kim, P.-R., Kim, W.-J., Yi, S.-M., Seo, Y.-S., and Kim, S.-H.: General trends of atmospheric mercury concentrations in urban and rural areas in Korea and characteristics of high-concentration events, Atmos. Environ., 94, 754–764, 2014.
Heo, J.-B., Hopke, P., and Yi, S.-M.: Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4957–4971, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4957-2009, 2009.
Holmes, C. D., Jacob, D. J., Mason, R. P., and Jaffe, D. A.: Sources and deposition of reactive gaseous mercury in the marine atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2278–2285, 2009.
Hopke, P., Barrie, L., Li, S. M., Cheng, M. D., Li, C., and Xie, Y.: Possible sources and preferred pathways for biogenic and non-sea-salt sulfur for the high Arctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 16595–16603, 1995.
Hopke, P. K.: Recent developments in receptor modeling, J. Chemometrics, 17, 255–265, 2003.
Hopke, P. K., Zhou, L., and Poirot, R. L.: Reconciling trajectory ensemble receptor model results with emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 7980–7983, 2005.
Hoyer, M., Burke, J., and Keeler, G.: Atmospheric sources, transport and deposition of mercury in Michigan: Two years of event precipitation, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 80, 199–208, 1995.
Hsu, Y.-K., Holsen, T. M., and Hopke, P. K.: Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago, Atmos. Environ., 37, 545–562, 2003.
Huang, J., Choi, H.-D., Hopke, P. K., and Holsen, T. M.: Ambient mercury sources in Rochester, NY: results from principle components analysis (PCA) of mercury monitoring network data, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 8441–8445, 2010.
Jaffe, D., Prestbo, E., Swartzendruber, P., Weiss-Penzias, P., Kato, S., Takami, A., Hatakeyama, S., and Kajii, Y.: Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia, Atmos. Environ., 39, 3029–3038, 2005.
Jen, Y.-H., Yuan, C.-S., Hung, C.-H., Ie, I.-R., and Tsai, C.-M.: Tempospatial variation and partition of atmospheric mercury during wet and dry seasons at sensitivity sites within a heavily polluted industrial city, Aerosol Air Qual. Res, 13, 13–23, 2013.
Keeler, G. and Barres, J.: Sampling and Analysis for Atmospheric Mercury, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinati, 1999.
Kellerhals, M., Beauchamp, S., Belzer, W., Blanchard, P., Froude, F., Harvey, B., Mcdonald, K., Pilote, M., Poissant, L., and Puckett, K.: Temporal and spatial variability of total gaseous mercury in Canada: results from the Canadian Atmospheric Mercury Measurement Network (CAMNet), Atmos. Environ., 37, 1003–1011, 2003.
Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., and Edgerton, E. S.: Source identification of Atlanta aerosol by positive matrix factorization, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 53, 731–739, 2003a.
Kim, E., Larson, T. V., Hopke, P. K., Slaughter, C., Sheppard, L. E., and Claiborn, C.: Source identification of PM2.5 in an arid Northwest US City by positive matrix factorization, Atmos. Res., 66, 291–305, 2003b.
Kim, J.-H., Park, J.-M., Lee, S.-B., Pudasainee, D., and Seo, Y.-C.: Anthropogenic mercury emission inventory with emission factors and total emission in Korea, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2714–2721, 2010.
Kim, K.-H., Brown, R. J., Kwon, E., Kim, I.-S., and Sohn, J.-R.: Atmospheric mercury at an urban station in Korea across three decades, Atmos. Environ., 131, 124–132, 2016.
Kim, K.-H. and Kim, M.-Y.: The effects of anthropogenic sources on temporal distribution characteristics of total gaseous mercury in Korea, Atmos. Environ., 34, 3337–3347, 2000.
Kim, K.-H. and Kim, M.-Y.: Some insights into short-term variability of total gaseous mercury in urban air, Atmos. Environ., 35, 49–59, 2001.
Kim, S.-H., Han, Y.-J., Holsen, T. M., and Yi, S.-M.: Characteristics of atmospheric speciated mercury concentrations (TGM, Hg (II) and Hg (p)) in Seoul, Korea, Atmos. Environ., 43, 3267–3274, 2009.
Kuo, T.-H., Chang, C.-F., Urba, A., and Kvietkus, K.: Atmospheric gaseous mercury in Northern Taiwan, Sci. Total Environ., 368, 10–18, 2006.
Lai, S.-O., Holsen, T. M., Hopke, P. K., and Liu, P.: Wet deposition of mercury at a New York state rural site: concentrations, fluxes, and source areas, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4337–4348, 2007.
Laurier, F. J., Mason, R. P., Whalin, L., and Kato, S.: Reactive gaseous mercury formation in the North Pacific Ocean's marine boundary layer: A potential role of halogen chemistry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, D174529, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003625, 2003.
Lee, D. S., Dollard, G. J., and Pepler, S.: Gas-phase mercury in the atmosphere of the United Kingdom, Atmos. Environ., 32, 855–864, 1998.
Lee, S. J., Seo, Y.-C., Jurng, J., Hong, J.-H., Park, J.-W., Hyun, J. E., and Lee, T. G.: Mercury emissions from selected stationary combustion sources in Korea, Sci. Total Environ., 325, 155–161, 2004.
Li, Z., Xia, C., Wang, X., Xiang, Y., and Xie, Z.: Total gaseous mercury in Pearl River Delta region, China during 2008 winter period, Atmos. Environ., 45, 834–838, 2011.
Lim, C.-J., Cheng, M.-D., and Schroeder, W. H.: Transport patterns and potential sources of total gaseous mercury measured in Canadian high Arctic in 1995, Atmos. Environ., 35, 1141–1154, 2001.
Lin, C.-J. and Pehkonen, S. O.: The chemistry of atmospheric mercury: a review, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2067–2079, 1999.
Lin, C.-J., Pongprueksa, P., Lindberg, S. E., Pehkonen, S. O., Byun, D., and Jang, C.: Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models I: Model science evaluation, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2911–2928, 2006.
Lindberg, S., Bullock, R., Ebinghaus, R., Engstrom, D., Feng, X., Fitzgerald, W., Pirrone, N., Prestbo, E., and Seigneur, C.: A synthesis of progress and uncertainties in attributing the sources of mercury in deposition, AMBIO, 36, 19–33, 2007.
Liu, N., Qiu, G., Landis, M. S., Feng, X., Fu, X., and Shang, L.: Atmospheric mercury species measured in Guiyang, Guizhou province, southwest China, Atmos. Res., 100, 93–102, 2011.
Lu, J. Y. and Schroeder, W. H.: Annual time-series of total filterable atmospheric mercury concentrations in the Arctic, Tellus B, 56, 213–222, 2004.
Lynam, M. M. and Keeler, G. J.: Source–receptor relationships for atmospheric mercury in urban Detroit, Michigan, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3144–3155, 2006.
Mao, H., Talbot, R., Sigler, J., Sive, B., and Hegarty, J.: Seasonal and diurnal variations of Hg over New England, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1403–1421, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1403-2008, 2008.
Marumoto, K., Hayashi, M., and Takami, A.: Atmospheric mercury concentrations at two sites in the Kyushu Islands, Japan, and evidence of long-range transport from East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 117, 147–155, 2015.
Mason, R. P. and Sheu, G. R.: Role of the ocean in the global mercury cycle, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 40-1–40-14, 2002.
Miller, C. L., Watson, D. B., Lester, B. P., Lowe, K. A., Pierce, E. M., and Liang, L.: Characterization of soils from an industrial complex contaminated with elemental mercury, Environ. Res., 125, 20–29, 2013.
Muntean, M., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Song, S., Selin, N. E., Olivier, J. G., Guizzardi, D., Maas, R., and Dentener, F.: Trend analysis from 1970 to 2008 and model evaluation of EDGARv4 global gridded anthropogenic mercury emissions, Sci. Total Environ., 494, 337–350, 2014.
Nakagawa, R.: Studies on the levels in atmospheric concentrations of mercury in Japan, Chemosphere, 31, 2669–2676, 1995.
Nier: National Air Pollutants Emission 2011 (in Korean), 2011.
Obrist, D., Tas, E., Peleg, M., Matveev, V., Faïn, X., Asaf, D., and Luria, M.: Bromine-induced oxidation of mercury in the mid-latitude atmosphere, Nat. Geosci., 4, 22–26, 2011.
Osawa, T., Ueno, T., and Fu, F.: Sequential variation of atmospheric mercury in Tokai-mura, seaside area of eastern central Japan, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D19107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008538, 2007.
Pacyna, E. G., Pacyna, J., Sundseth, K., Munthe, J., Kindbom, K., Wilson, S., Steenhuisen, F., and Maxson, P.: Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2487–2499, 2010.
Pacyna, E. G., Pacyna, J. M., Steenhuisen, F., and Wilson, S.: Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000, Atmos. Environ., 40, 4048–4063, 2006.
Pacyna, J. M., Pacyna, E. G., Steenhuisen, F., and Wilson, S.: Mapping 1995 global anthropogenic emissions of mercury, Atmos. Environ., 37, 109–117, 2003.
Pirrone, N., Cinnirella, S., Feng, X., Finkelman, R., Friedli, H., Leaner, J., Mason, R., Mukherjee, A., Stracher, G., and Streets, D.: Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10, 5951–5964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5951-2010, 2010.
Pirrone, N., Aas, W., Cinnirella, S., Ebinghaus, R., Hedgecock, I. M., Pacyna, J., Sprovieri, F., and Sunderland, E. M.: Toward the next generation of air quality monitoring: Mercury, Atmos. Environ., 80, 599–611, 2013.
Poissant, L.: Potential sources of atmospheric total gaseous mercury in the St. Lawrence River valley, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2537–2547, 1999.
Polissar, A. V., Hopke, P. K., and Harris, J. M.: Source regions for atmospheric aerosol measured at Barrow, Alaska, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4214–4226, 2001.
Sakata, M. and Marumoto, K.: Formation of atmospheric particulate mercury in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Atmos. Environ., 36, 239–246, 2002.
Sakata, M. and Marumoto, K.: Wet and dry deposition fluxes of mercury in Japan, Atmos. Environ., 39, 3139–3146, 2005.
Schmolke, S. R., Schroeder, W., Kock, H., Schneeberger, D., Munthe, J., and Ebinghaus, R.: Simultaneous measurements of total gaseous mercury at four sites on a 800 km transect: spatial distribution and short-time variability of total gaseous mercury over central Europe, Atmos. Environ., 33, 1725–1733, 1999.
Schroeder, W. H. and Munthe, J.: Atmospheric mercury – an overview, Atmos. Environ., 32, 809–822, 1998.
Seo, Y.-S., Han, Y.-J., Choi, H.-D., Holsen, T. M., and Yi, S.-M.: Characteristics of total mercury (TM) wet deposition: scavenging of atmospheric mercury species, Atmos. Environ., 49, 69–76, 2012.
Seo, Y.-S., Han, Y.-J., Holsen, T. M., Choi, E., Zoh, K.-D., and Yi, S.-M.: Source identification of total mercury (TM) wet deposition using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM), Atmos. Environ., 104, 102–111, 2015.
Shon, Z.-H., Kim, K.-H., Kim, M.-Y., and Lee, M.: Modeling study of reactive gaseous mercury in the urban air, Atmos. Environ., 39, 749–761, 2005.
Slemr, F., Brunke, E. G., Ebinghaus, R., Temme, C., Munthe, J., Wängberg, I., Schroeder, W., Steffen, A., and Berg, T.: Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1977, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 101516, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL016954, 2003.
Song, X., Cheng, I., and Lu, J.: Annual atmospheric mercury species in downtown Toronto, Canada, J. Environ. Monit., 11, 660–669, 2009.
Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Ebinghaus, R., Kock, H., and Dommergue, A.: A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245–8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010.
Stamenkovic, J., Lyman, S., and Gustin, M. S.: Seasonal and diel variation of atmospheric mercury concentrations in the Reno (Nevada, USA) airshed, Atmos. Environ., 41, 6662–6672, 2007.
Stohl, A., Eckhardt, S., Forster, C., James, P., Spichtinger, N., and Seibert, P.: A replacement for simple back trajectory calculations in the interpretation of atmospheric trace substance measurements, Atmos. Environ., 36, 4635–4648, 2002.
Streets, D. G., Devane, M. K., Lu, Z., Bond, T. C., Sunderland, E. M., and Jacob, D. J.: All-time releases of mercury to the atmosphere from human activities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 10485–10491, 2011.
Strode, S. A., Jaeglé, L., Selin, N. E., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., Yantosca, R. M., Mason, R. P., and Slemr, F.: Air-sea exchange in the global mercury cycle, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB1017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002766, 2007.
Temme, C., Blanchard, P., Steffen, A., Banic, C., Beauchamp, S., Poissant, L., Tordon, R., and Wiens, B.: Trend, seasonal and multivariate analysis study of total gaseous mercury data from the Canadian atmospheric mercury measurement network (CAMNet), Atmos. Environ., 41, 5423–5441, 2007.
UNEP: Global mercury assessment, UNEP Chemicals, available at: http://www.unep.org/chemicalsandwaste/Portals/9/Mercury/Documents/final-assessment-report-25nov02.pdf (last access: 9 December 2015), 2002.
UNEP: The global atmospheric mercury assessment: Sources, emissions and transport, available at: http://www.unep.org/chemicalsandwaste/Portals/9/Mercury/Documents/Publications/UNEP_GlobalAtmosphericMercuryAssessment_May2009.pdf (last access: 9 December 2015), 2008.
Uria-Tellaetxe, I. and Carslaw, D. C.: Conditional bivariate probability function for source identification, Environ. Model. Software, 59, 1–9, 2014.
Wan, Q., Feng, X., Lu, J., Zheng, W., Song, X., Han, S., and Xu, H.: Atmospheric mercury in Changbai Mountain area, northeastern China I. The seasonal distribution pattern of total gaseous mercury and its potential sources, Environ. Res., 109, 201–206, 2009.
Weigelt, A., Ebinghaus, R., Manning, A., Derwent, R., Simmonds, P., Spain, T., Jennings, S., and Slemr, F.: Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland, Atmos. Environ., 100, 85–93, 2015.
Weiss-Penzias, P., Jaffe, D. A., Mcclintick, A., Prestbo, E. M., and Landis, M. S.: Gaseous elemental mercury in the marine boundary layer: Evidence for rapid removal in anthropogenic pollution, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3755–3763, 2003.
Weiss-Penzias, P., Jaffe, D. A., Swartzendruber, P., Dennison, J. B., Chand, D., Hafner, W., and Prestbo, E.: Observations of Asian air pollution in the free troposphere at Mount Bachelor Observatory during the spring of 2004, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D10304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006522, 2006.
Weiss-Penzias, P., Jaffe, D., Swartzendruber, P., Hafner, W., Chand, D., and Prestbo, E.: Quantifying Asian and biomass burning sources of mercury using the Hg ∕ CO ratio in pollution plumes observed at the Mount Bachelor Observatory, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4366–4379, 2007.
Wilson, S., Munthe, J., Sundseth, K., Maxson, P., Kindbom, K., Pacyna, J., and Steenhuisen, F.: Updating Historical Global Inventories of Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions to Air, AMAP Technical Report No. 3, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 2010.
Xie, Y. and Berkowitz, C. M.: The use of positive matrix factorization with conditional probability functions in air quality studies: an application to hydrocarbon emissions in Houston, Texas, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3070–3091, 2006.
Zeng, Y. and Hopke, P.: A study of the sources of acid precipitation in Ontario, Canada, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1499–1509, 1989.
Zhang, H. and Lindberg, S. E.: Sunlight and iron (III)-induced photochemical production of dissolved gaseous mercury in freshwater, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 928–935, 2001.
Zhang, L., Wang, S., Wang, L., Wu, Y., Duan, L., Wu, Q., Wang, F., Yang, M., Yang, H., Hao, J., and Liu, X.: Updated emission inventories for speciated atmospheric mercury from anthropogenic sources in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 3185–3194, 2015.
Zhao, W., Hopke, P. K., and Karl, T.: Source identification of volatile organic compounds in Houston, Texas, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1338–1347, 2004.
Zhou, L., Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C. O., and Pandis, S.: Advanced factor analysis on Pittsburgh particle size-distribution data special issue of aerosol science and technology on findings from the Fine Particulate Matter Supersites Program, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38, 118–132, 2004.
Short summary
This study was performed to identify likely source directions and locations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) using CPF, CBPF and TPSCF. Previous studies showed the importance of long-range transport of TGM but not local sources. However, the results from various approaches suggested the importance of local sources near industrial areas including iron and manufacturing facilities, hazardous waste incinerators and the coastal areas relative to distant sources.
This study was performed to identify likely source directions and locations of total gaseous...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint