Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 8
Articles | Volume 26, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5567-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5567-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 8
Research article
 | 
23 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 23 Apr 2026

Mechanisms of air–sea CO2 exchange in the central Baltic Sea

Yuanxu Dong, Christa A. Marandino, Ryo Dobashi, David T. Ho, Gregor Rehder, Henry C. Bittig, Josefine Karnatz, Bita Sabbaghzadeh, Helen Czerski, and Anja Engel

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Short summary
Air-sea gas exchange regulates the Earth’s climate. However, the description of the kinetic exchange process only uses wind speed, neglecting other drivers. In this study, we investigate how fetch and natural surfactants modulate air-sea carbon dioxide exchange. Measurements from the central Baltic Sea show that limited fetch and elevated surfactants significantly suppress this exchange. A new parameterisation is provided, improving regional carbon budgets and evaluations of climate solutions.
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