Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 6
Articles | Volume 26, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-4531-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-4531-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 6
Research article
 | 
02 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 02 Apr 2026

Three-dimensional hollow tubular structure of rocket chemical depletion

Chunyu Deng, Xiangxiang Yan, Tao Yu, Chunliang Xia, and Yifan Qi
Publisher's note: On 13 April 2026 the section heading 3.3 The evaluation of ELE Hole was changed to 3.3 The evaluation of the Electron Density Hole and 3.4 The structure of ELE Hole to 3.4 The structure of Electron Density Hole because ELE is not a standard abbreviation in the space physics community.

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Short summary
A rocket launch released gases high into the atmosphere and caused a large region where the number of free electrons dropped sharply. We combined satellite measurements, ground observations, and simulations to reveal the three-dimensional shape and evolution of this electron loss for the first time. The depletion formed quickly, expanded as the gases spread, and then slowly recovered. These results help us understand how frequent launches briefly disturb the space environment above Earth.
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