European sulphate aerosols were a key driver  of the early twentieth-century intensification  of the Asian summer monsoon

Sun, Weihao; Bollasina, Massimo A.; Colfescu, Ioana; Wu, Guoxiong; Liu, Yimin

doi:10.5194/acp-26-2027-2026

Articles | Volume 26, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2027-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2027-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 26, issue 3

Research article

|

09 Feb 2026

Research article |

| 09 Feb 2026

European sulphate aerosols were a key driver of the early twentieth-century intensification of the Asian summer monsoon

Weihao Sun, Massimo A. Bollasina, Ioana Colfescu, Guoxiong Wu, and Yimin Liu

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Sep 2025	4,220	30	12	4,262
Oct 2025	152	40	18	210
Nov 2025	104	34	12	150
Dec 2025	106	36	14	156
Jan 2026	66	34	4	104
Feb 2026	416	96	20	532
Mar 2026	154	64	19	237
Apr 2026	120	54	6	180
May 2026	118	26	4	148
Jun 2026	16	10	0	26
Jul 2026	37	30	11	78
Aug 2026	24	40	20	84
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Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 15 Sep 2025)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2025	4,220	30	12	4,262
Oct 2025	152	40	18	210
Nov 2025	104	34	12	150
Dec 2025	106	36	14	156
Jan 2026	66	34	4	104
Feb 2026	416	96	20	532
Mar 2026	154	64	19	237
Apr 2026	120	54	6	180
May 2026	118	26	4	148
Jun 2026	16	10	0	26
Jul 2026	37	30	11	78
Aug 2026	24	40	20	84
Sep 2026	117	124	85	326
Oct 2026	166	112	108	386
Nov 2026	49	27	13	89

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Short summary

Observational records show that the Asian monsoon underwent substantial changes during the early 20th century, including a wetting trend over South Asia and a southward shift in rainfall over East Asia. We show that increasing European sulphate aerosol emissions played a crucial role in shaping the monsoon rainfall trends. This has important implications for reducing uncertainties in monsoon projections, particularly in light of the diverse future aerosol emission scenarios for the region.