Articles | Volume 26, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-13139-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-13139-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ozone downward flux revealed by high-resolution differential absorption lidar over Tibet during stratosphere-troposphere exchange
Ruichun Dong
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Xin Fang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Chengyun Yang
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yuxia Jia, Chao Ban, Tao Li, Xin Fang, Zhaopeng Wu, Jianfei Wu, Weilin Pan, and Chengyun Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 11409–11420, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11409-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11409-2026, 2026
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In this study, a sodium lidar at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) observed multiple sporadic sodium layers (SSLs) and enhanced sodium patterns (ESPs) during a single night. By combining observations from a meteor radar and an ionosonde in Wuhan, the results show that horizontal winds can not only directly transport sodium atoms through advection but also indirectly influence sodium density by modulating ion convergence and Es layers via atmospheric waves.
Yiran Pan, Jialin Zhang, Chengyun Yang, Tao Li, Xin Fang, Xinyue Wang, Xianghui Xue, and Xiankang Dou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3774, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3774, 2026
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In 2024, the upper atmosphere above Antarctica experienced two sudden warming events and then repeated warming and recovery instead of returning steadily to normal. Large-scale atmospheric waves disturbed the circling polar winds, and the altered winds then shaped how later waves moved upward, allowing the disturbance to persist. This helps explain how rare Antarctic events can last longer and affect links between the upper and lower atmosphere.
Jiahui Hu, Alan Liu, Adriana Feener, Wenjun Dong, Jing Li, and Tao Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.03669, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.03669, 2026
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All-sky OH airglow imaging captures mesospheric gravity waves near ~87 km, but ripple-scale instabilities (5–15 km) are difficult to identify manually. We develop an automated SE-CNN framework trained on image patches to detect ripples in 512×512 images. Using MAD normalization and sliding-window detection with clustering, the model achieves 92% F1-score and recovers ~90% of manual events, enabling objective, scalable analysis of ripple occurrence and variability.
Wen Yi, Jianyuan Wang, Xianghui Xue, Chengyun Yang, Iain M. Reid, Robert A. Vincent, Andrew Mackinnon, Damian J. Murphy, Njål Gulbrandsen, Masaki Tsutsumi, Baiqi Ning, Guozhu Li, Nicholas J. Mitchell, Tracy Moffat-Griffin, Toshitaka Tsuda, Alan Z. Liu, Zishun Qiao, Haiying Li, Paulo P. Batista, Jianfei Wu, Tingdi Chen, and Xiankang Dou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1883, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1883, 2026
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This study provides observational evidence that the solar zenith angle (SZA) influences the vertical structure of diurnal tides in the MLT region. Diurnal tides are strongest at low and mid-latitudes (10–50° N/S) and weaker near the Equator and at polar latitudes. The results further suggest that background zonal winds influence tidal propagation and structure through filtering and momentum drag.
Chao Ban, Xin Fang, Wen Yi, Jie Zeng, Gunter Stober, Weilin Pan, Tao Li, and Xianghui Xue
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 1697–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1697-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1697-2026, 2026
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This paper presents an intercomparison of zonal winds observed by a sodium fluorescence lidar and three types of meteor radars – a multistatic meteor radar, a conventional monostatic radar, and a forward remote receiver – located near Hefei, China. The multistatic meteor radar shows the best agreement with the lidar measurements, confirming the reliability of its wind retrievals in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and highlighting its potential for future atmospheric dynamics studies.
Xingjin Wang, Xin Fang, Wenhao Gao, Xianhang Chen, Tai Liu, Chengyun Yang, Tingdi Chen, Tao Li, and Xianghui Xue
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 1629–1641, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1629-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1629-2026, 2026
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This paper reports the deployment of the first narrowband sodium lidar in the low-latitude region of China. The lidar observations are compared with satellite measurements and atmospheric models, confirming the scientific credibility of these results. Calculations of vertical gravity wave heat and sodium fluxes are used to investigate the influence of the space environment. This lidar system will provide a new ground-based detection device for studying atmospheric environment above the area.
Chengyun Yang, Xiang Guo, Tao Li, Xinyue Wang, Jun Zhang, Xin Fang, and Xianghui Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1021–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1021-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1021-2026, 2026
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The Indian Ocean strongly influences weather and climate far beyond its region. We found that unusual sea surface warming patterns in the midlatitude Indian Ocean can disrupt winds and temperatures in the middle atmosphere, including the stratosphere and mesosphere, of the Southern Hemisphere. These disturbances alter ozone and air movement and may affect polar climate. Our results highlight the need to include Indian Ocean variability in climate models for better predictions.
Xin Fang, Feng Li, Lei-lei Sun, and Tao Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2263–2272, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2263-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2263-2023, 2023
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We successfully developed the first pseudorandom modulation continuous-wave narrowband sodium lidar (PMCW-NSL) system for simultaneous measurements of the mesopause region's temperature and wind. Based on the innovative decoded technique and algorithm for CW lidar, both the main and residual lights modulated by M-code are used and directed to the atmosphere in the vertical and eastward directions, tilted 20° from the zenith. The PMCW-NSL system can applied to airborne and space-borne purposes.
Yetao Cen, Chengyun Yang, Tao Li, James M. Russell III, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7861–7874, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7861-2022, 2022
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The MLT DW1 amplitude is suppressed during El Niño winters in both satellite observation and SD-WACCM simulations. The suppressed Hough mode (1, 1) in the tropopause region propagates vertically to the MLT region, leading to decreased DW1 amplitude. The latitudinal zonal wind shear anomalies during El Niño winters would narrow the waveguide and prevent the vertical propagation of DW1. The gravity wave drag excited by ENSO-induced anomalous convection could also modulate the MLT DW1 amplitude.
Shican Qiu, Mengxi Shi, Willie Soon, Mingjiao Jia, Xianghui Xue, Tao Li, Peng Ju, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1085, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
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The solitary wave theory is applied for the first time to study the sporadic sodium layers (NaS). We perform soliton fitting processes on the observed data from the Andes Lidar Observatory, and find out that 24/27 NaS events exhibit similar features to a soliton. Time series of the net anomaly reveal the same variation process to the solution of a five-order KdV equation. Our results suggest the NaS phenomenon would be an appropriate tracer for nonlinear wave studies in the atmosphere.
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Short summary
High-resolution USTC (University of Science and Technology of China) Ozone Lidar observations at Yangbajing, Tibet capture short-lived rapid STE (stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange)-related ozone descent for the first time. Lidar temperature profiles link these events to tropopause thermal variability unresolved by conventional models. Wei’s flux diagnostic and PV (potential vorticity)-threshold sensitivity identify 3 PVU (potential vorticity units) as optimal. ERA5 shows gravity-wave modulation during tropopause folding, and lidar ozone profiles are used to quantify instantaneous cross-tropopause ozone flux.
High-resolution USTC (University of Science and Technology of China) Ozone Lidar observations at...
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