Articles | Volume 26, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12183-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12183-2026
Research article
 | 
28 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 28 Aug 2026

In situ real-time determination of SO2 photochemical oxidation in nanoscale sea salt aerosols based on dark-field microscopy

Xijie Xiong, Zhibo Xie, Xiuli Wei, Douguo Zhang, Jianguo Liu, and Huaqiao Gui

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Cited articles

Angle, K. J., Neal, E. E., and Grassian, V. H.: Enhanced Rates of Transition-Metal-Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation of S(IV) in Aqueous Aerosols: Insights into Sulfate Aerosol Formation in the Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 10291–10299, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01932, 2021. 
Barclay, P. L. and Lukes, J. R.: Curvature dependence of the mass accommodation coefficient, Langmuir, 35, 6196–6262, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00537, 2019. 
Bi, J., Huang, J., Hu, Z., Holben, B. N., and Guo, Z.: Investigating the aerosol optical and radiative characteristics of heavy haze episodes in beijing during january of 2013, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 9884–9900, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021757, 2013. 
Cao, X., Chen, Z., Liu, Y., Jing, X., Li, L., Liu, P., and Zhang, Y.: Directly Measuring Fe(III)-catalyzed SO2 Oxidation Rate in Single Optically Levitated Droplets, Environ. Sci. Atmos., 3, 298–304, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ea00125j, 2023. 
Cao, X., Liu, Y., Huang, Q., Chen, Z., Sun, J., Sun, J., Pang, S., Liu, P., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., and Ge, M.: Single Droplet Tweezer Revealing the Reaction Mechanism of Mn(II)-Catalyzed SO2 Oxidation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 58, 5068–5078, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c00309, 2024a. 
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Using dark-field microscopy, we observed in situ reactions between individual sodium chloride nanoparticles and sulfur dioxide under ultraviolet irradiation. We found that reaction rates depended on particle size strongly and nonlinearly, with this behavior likely driven by the competition between surface curvature and specific surface area effects. This interpretation was further confirmed through transition state theory calculations and experimental modification of particle surface area.
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