Spatiotemporal optimization of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and VOC emissions using a hybrid inversion framework and implications for ozone sensitivity-regime diagnosis

Moon, Jeonghyeok; Jeon, Wonbae; Jeong, Sujong; Choi, Yunsoo; Kim, Hyun Cheol; Park, Soon-Young; Bak, Juseon; Yoo, Jung-Woo; Park, Jaehyeong; Kim, Dongjin; Choe, Hyeonsik; Yang, Chae-Yeong; Heo, Min

doi:10.5194/acp-26-10379-2026

Articles | Volume 26, issue 14

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10379-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10379-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 26, issue 14

Research article

|

24 Jul 2026

Research article |

| 24 Jul 2026

Spatiotemporal optimization of NO_x and VOC emissions using a hybrid inversion framework and implications for ozone sensitivity-regime diagnosis

Jeonghyeok Moon, Wonbae Jeon, Sujong Jeong, Yunsoo Choi, Hyun Cheol Kim, Soon-Young Park, Juseon Bak, Jung-Woo Yoo, Jaehyeong Park, Dongjin Kim, Hyeonsik Choe, Chae-Yeong Yang, and Min Heo

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10379-2026-supplement

Data sets

ROCR isoprene retrievals from the CrIS satellite sensor K. C. Wells and D. B. Millet https://doi.org/10.13020/5n0j-wx73

ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6

ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47

Model code and software

CMAQ 5.0 Adjoint S. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780216

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Short summary

This study develops a hybrid inverse modeling framework to better estimate the spatiotemporal distributions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions over South Korea. The optimized emissions improve ozone simulations and clarify whether ozone formation is more sensitive to NO_x or to VOC. By identifying when precursor emissions exert the strongest influence on ozone, this work provides time-resolved guidance for region-specific air quality strategies.

Spatiotemporal optimization of NOx and VOC emissions using a hybrid inversion framework and implications for ozone sensitivity-regime diagnosis

Supplement

Data sets

Model code and software

Spatiotemporal optimization of NO_x and VOC emissions using a hybrid inversion framework and implications for ozone sensitivity-regime diagnosis