Response of the link between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the East Asian winter monsoon to Asian anthropogenic sulfate aerosols

Jia, Zixuan; Bollasina, Massimo A.; Zhang, Wenjun; Xiang, Ying

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8805-2025

Articles | Volume 25, issue 15

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8805-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8805-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 25, issue 15

Research article

|

13 Aug 2025

Research article |

| 13 Aug 2025

Response of the link between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the East Asian winter monsoon to Asian anthropogenic sulfate aerosols

Zixuan Jia, Massimo A. Bollasina, Wenjun Zhang, and Ying Xiang

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8805-2025-supplement

Data sets

Precipitation Driver Response Model Intercomparison Project data sets 2013-2021 Tim Andrews et al. https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/PDRMIP_2012-2021

Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-Series dataset of high-resolution gridded climate data, version 4.07 CRU https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.07

Met Office Hadley Centre observations datasets HadISST https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadisst/

ECMWF Reanalysis v5 dataset ERA5 https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/dataset/ecmwf-reanalysis-v5

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Short summary

Using multi-model mean data from regional aerosol perturbation experiments, we find that increased Asian sulfate aerosols strengthen the link between ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) and the East Asian winter monsoon. In coupled simulations, aerosol-induced broad cooling increases the ENSO amplitude by affecting the tropical Pacific mean state, contributing to the increase in monsoon interannual variability. These results provide important implications to reduce uncertainties in future projections of regional extreme variability.