Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 15
Articles | Volume 25, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8671-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8671-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 15
Measurement report
 | 
11 Aug 2025
Measurement report |  | 11 Aug 2025

Measurement report: Influence of particle density on secondary ice production by graupel and frozen drop collisions

Sudha Yadav, Lilly Metten, Pierre Grzegorczyk, Alexander Theis, Subir K. Mitra, and Miklós Szakáll

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Latest update: 30 Aug 2025
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Short summary
Laboratory studies on the fragmentation of ice particles by collision are presented. Graupel particles were created by riming at –7 and –15 °C, also simulating rotation and tumbling. Frozen ice drops were generated by freezing water in 3D-printed spherical molds. The number of fragments generated by collision was between 1 and 20 and was strongly dependent on the density of the graupel. We also showed that the number of fragments approaches zero when the particle suffers more than three collisions in a row.
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