Articles | Volume 25, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-459-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-459-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Jan 2025
Research article |
| 15 Jan 2025
| 15 Jan 2025
Seasonal air concentration variability, gas–particle partitioning, precipitation scavenging, and air–water equilibrium of organophosphate esters in southern Canada
Yuening Li
Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
Faqiang Zhan
Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
Chubashini Shunthirasingham
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, 4905 Dufferin St, North York, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada
Ying Duan Lei
Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
Jenny Oh
Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
Amina Ben Chaaben
Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, G5L 3A1, Canada
Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, G5L 3A1, Canada
Kelsey Lee
School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
Frank A. P. C. Gobas
School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
Hayley Hung
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, 4905 Dufferin St, North York, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada
Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
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Short summary
Organophosphate esters are important humanmade trace contaminants. Measuring them in the atmospheric gas phase, particles, precipitation, and surface water in Canada, we explore seasonal concentration variability, gas–particle partitioning, precipitation scavenging, and the air–water equilibrium. Whereas higher summer concentrations and efficient precipitation scavenging conform with expectations, the lack of a relationship between compound volatility and gas–particle partitioning is puzzling.
Organophosphate esters are important humanmade trace contaminants. Measuring them in the...
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