Articles | Volume 25, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-459-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-459-2025
Research article
 | 
15 Jan 2025
Research article |  | 15 Jan 2025

Seasonal air concentration variability, gas–particle partitioning, precipitation scavenging, and air–water equilibrium of organophosphate esters in southern Canada

Yuening Li, Faqiang Zhan, Chubashini Shunthirasingham, Ying Duan Lei, Jenny Oh, Amina Ben Chaaben, Zhe Lu, Kelsey Lee, Frank A. P. C. Gobas, Hayley Hung, and Frank Wania

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Cited articles

Awonaike, B., Lei, Y. D., and Wania, F.: Precipitation-induced transport and phase partitioning of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in urban and rural watersheds, Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol., 7, 2106–2115, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EW00329A, 2021. 
Bacaloni, A., Cucci, F., Guarino, C., Nazzari, M., Samperi, R., and Laganà, A.: Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardant and plasticizers in three volcanic lakes of Central Italy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1898–1903, https://doi.org/10.1021/es702549g, 2008. 
Bidleman, T., Andersson, A., Brorström-Lundén, E., Brugel, S., Ericson, L., Hansson, K., and Tysklind, M.: Halomethoxybenzenes in air of the Nordic region, Environ. Sci. Ecotechnology, 13, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2022.100209, 2023. 
Booij, K. and Smedes, F.: An Improved Method for Estimating in Situ Sampling Rates of Nonpolar Passive Samplers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6789–6794, https://doi.org/10.1021/es101321v, 2010. 
Booij, K., Hofmans, H. E., Fischer, C. V, and Van Weerlee, E. M.: Temperature-Dependent Uptake Rates of Nonpolar Organic Compounds by Semipermeable Membrane Devices and Low-Density Polyethylene Membranes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 361–366, https://doi.org/10.1021/es025739i, 2003. 
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Short summary
Organophosphate esters are important humanmade trace contaminants. Measuring them in the atmospheric gas phase, particles, precipitation, and surface water in Canada, we explore seasonal concentration variability, gas–particle partitioning, precipitation scavenging, and the air–water equilibrium. Whereas higher summer concentrations and efficient precipitation scavenging conform with expectations, the lack of a relationship between compound volatility and gas–particle partitioning is puzzling.
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