Regime-based aerosol–cloud interactions from CALIPSO-MODIS and the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) over the Eastern North Atlantic

Zheng, Xiaojian; Feng, Yan; Painemal, David; Zhang, Meng; Xie, Shaocheng; Li, Zhujun; Jacob, Robert; Lusch, Bethany

doi:10.5194/acp-25-17473-2025

Articles | Volume 25, issue 23

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17473-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17473-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 25, issue 23

Research article

|

03 Dec 2025

Research article |

| 03 Dec 2025

Regime-based aerosol–cloud interactions from CALIPSO-MODIS and the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) over the Eastern North Atlantic

Xiaojian Zheng, Yan Feng, David Painemal, Meng Zhang, Shaocheng Xie, Zhujun Li, Robert Jacob, and Bethany Lusch

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17473-2025-supplement

Data sets

E3SMv2 Nudged Model Simulation over ENA region for Zheng et al., 2025 X. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15670340

ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6

Model code and software

Deep Spatiotemporal Clustering Model: A Temporal Clustering Approach for Multi-dimensional Climate Data X. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14720991

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Short summary

This study used satellite observations and climate model simulations to examine how aerosols affect marine clouds over the Eastern North Atlantic. Cloud responses to aerosols differed significantly across meteorological regimes. The model captured overall trends but exaggerated cloud responses, performing better for shallower than deeper clouds. The results highlight the need to untangle aerosol effects from meteorology and improve cloud process representation in climate models.