Articles | Volume 25, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16747-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16747-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Brown carbon emissions from laboratory combustion of Eurasian arctic-boreal and South African savanna biomass
Arya Mukherjee
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Anni Hartikainen
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Markus Somero
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Viljami Luostari
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Mika Ihalainen
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Christopher P. Rüger
Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Analytical and Technical Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
Timo Kekäläinen
Department of Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
Ville H. Nissinen
Department of Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
Luis M. F. Barreira
Atmospheric composition research unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
Hanna Koponen
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Tuukka Kokkola
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Delun Li
Atmospheric composition research unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
Lejish Vettikkat
Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Pasi Yli-Pirilä
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Muhammad Shahzaib
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Meri M. Ruppel
Atmospheric composition research unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
Ville Vakkari
Atmospheric composition research unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Kerneels Jaars
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Stefan J. Siebert
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Angela Buchholz
Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Kajar Köster
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
Pieter G. van Zyl
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Hilkka Timonen
Atmospheric composition research unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
Niko Kinnunen
Department of Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
currently at: School of Engineering Science, Department of Separation Science, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
Janne Jänis
Department of Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
Annele Virtanen
Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Aki Virkkula
Atmospheric composition research unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00101, Finland
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
Olli Sippula
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Department of Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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- Final revised paper (published on 25 Nov 2025)
- Supplement to the final revised paper
- Preprint (discussion started on 26 Jun 2025)
- Supplement to the preprint
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor
| : Report abuse
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2759', Anonymous Referee #1, 21 Jul 2025
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2759/egusphere-2025-2759-RC1-supplement.pdfCitation: https://doi.org/
10.5194/egusphere-2025-2759-RC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2759', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 Aug 2025
This manuscript presents a comprehensive investigation on the emission factors, chemical, and optical properties of organics from Eurasian arctic-boreal and South African savanna biomass combustion in the lab. Brown carbon (BrC) is an important light-absorbing component in aerosol that affects the radiative balance in the atmosphere. The manuscript also investigated the effects of atmospheric dilution and aging on the optical properties of BrC. There are two comments that I wish the authors can address in the revision.
General comments:
- It is stated in the abstract and conclusions that the comparison with African savanna biomass is an objective of this manuscript. However, throughout the manuscript, the comparison at least is not clearly stated. I would suggest giving a summary or some statements of comparisons on the main properties. Also, how do these data compare to North American forest fires? A brief discussion would put these data sets in a better context for modeling studies or for atmospheric implications.
- What are the aerosol loadings in the aging experiments? At high loading, ozone could readily react with the gases and be lost onto particles, so the observed photochemical aging is mainly by ozone resulting in a low equivalent time (less than 2 days, Table 1)? Please comment on this issue.
Minor comments:
- There are too many abbreviations which lead more confusions and less readability. It would be convenient to have a table or list. Some terms are only used for less than a few times, so it is not necessary to use abbreviations. For example, DMF, MeOH, PRD, etc. Define the variables or abbreviations when they are first used, then use the symbols or abbreviations, duplicated definition is not necessary, for example, L35,36,39, 117,140, 235.
- L28, it would be better to use “determined” than “defined”.
- Figure 3, what do the bottom right squares with lines indicate?
- L669, how do you determine the OC1-4, Pyrol C and EC?
- L509, how was the solubility determined?
- L603-605, Figure 5, I don’t see a clear correlation between EC/OC and MAC if excluding the RWC data.
- L684-685, how does the trend look like if excluding the chamber data? or how does it look like if it is plotted on a log scale?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2759-RC2 -
AC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2025-2759', Arya Mukherjee, 02 Oct 2025
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2759/egusphere-2025-2759-AC1-supplement.pdf
Peer review completion
AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Arya Mukherjee on behalf of the Authors (02 Oct 2025)
Author's response
Author's tracked changes
Manuscript
ED: Publish as is (06 Oct 2025) by Sergey A. Nizkorodov
AR by Arya Mukherjee on behalf of the Authors (13 Oct 2025)
Manuscript
Short summary
Warming climate is predicted to increase boreal and peatland fires in Northern Eurasia. Limited studies have characterized light absorbing aerosol emissions from these biomasses, thus necessitating this work. Brown carbon (BrC) emitted from laboratory-scale biomass burning had weak light absorptivities based on their complex refractive index values. A combustion temperature dependent light absorptivity continuum existed for emitted BrC. Photochemical aging decreased BrC light absorptivity.
Warming climate is predicted to increase boreal and peatland fires in Northern Eurasia. Limited...
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