Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14763-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-14763-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
Research article
 | 
05 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 05 Nov 2025

Metal layer depletion during the super substorm on 4 November 2021

Gang Chen, Yimeng Xu, Guotao Yang, Shaodong Zhang, Zhipeng Ren, Pengfei Hu, Tingting Yu, Fuju Wu, Lifang Du, Haoran Zheng, Xuewu Cheng, Faquan Li, and Min Zhang

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Latest update: 26 Jul 2026
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Short summary
It is the first time to record the impact of a storm on metal atom layer in MLT (Mesosphere and Low Thermosphere) region. During the storm on 4 November 2021, the mesospheric metal layer depletion was recorded by three lidars for different metal components at mid-latitudes. The storm induced oxygen density enhancement is considered to consume more metal atoms in the metal layer. It implies that the effects of storm have reached mesosphere, and the influence of storm on metal layer is achieved through chemical processes.
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