Articles | Volume 25, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11895-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-11895-2025
Research article
 | 
02 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 02 Oct 2025

Stratospheric δ13CO2 observed over Japan and its governing processes

Satoshi Sugawara, Shinji Morimoto, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Taku Umezawa, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Sakae Toyoda, Kentaro Ishijima, Daisuke Goto, and Hideyuki Honda

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Cited articles

Aoki, S., Nakazawa, T., Machida, T., Sugawara, S., Morimoto, S., Hashida, G., Yamanouchi, T., Kawamura, K., and Honda, H.: Carbon dioxide variations in the stratosphere over Japan, Scandinavia and Antarctica, Tellus B, 55, 178–186, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00059.x, 2003. 
Assonov, S. S. and Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M.: A redetermination of absolute values for 17RVPDB-CO2 and 17RVSMOW, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom., 17, 1017–1029, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.10111, 2003. 
Assonov, S. S., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., Schuck, T. J., and Taylor, P.: Analysis of 13C and 18O isotope data of CO2 in CARIBIC aircraft samples as tracers of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere mixing and the global carbon cycle, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8575–8599, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8575-2010, 2010. 
Belikov, D., Sugawara, S., Ishidoya, S., Hasebe, F., Maksyutov, S., Aoki, S., Morimoto, S., and Nakazawa, T.: Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric gravitational separation using the NIES global atmospheric tracer transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5349–5361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5349-2019, 2019. 
Banks, P. M. and Kockarts, G.: Aeronomy, Parts A and B, Academic Press, Inc. New York, 1973. 
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Short summary
We have collected stratospheric air samples using balloon-borne cryogenic samplers over Japan since 1985 and analyzed them for δ13CO2. δ13CO2 has decreased through time in the mid-stratosphere with an average rate of change of −0.026 ± 0.001 ‰ yr−1. We found that stratospheric δ13CO2 variations are governed by airborne production of 13C-depleted CO2 by CH4 oxidation, gravitational separation, and propagation of the decreasing tropospheric δ13CO2 trend into the stratosphere.
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