Articles | Volume 24, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-725-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-725-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The high-resolution Global Aviation emissions Inventory based on ADS-B (GAIA) for 2019–2021
Roger Teoh
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
Zebediah Engberg
Breakthrough Energy, 4110 Carillon Point, Kirkland, WA 98033, USA
Marc Shapiro
Breakthrough Energy, 4110 Carillon Point, Kirkland, WA 98033, USA
Lynnette Dray
Air Transportation Systems Laboratory, School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
Marc E. J. Stettler
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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- Sustainable Aviation Fuel Deployment Strategies in Europe: Supply Chain Implications and Climate Benefits E. Woeldgen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c02364
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58 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The carbon footprint associated with air transport in three Mexican tourist destinations D. Jiménez-Islas et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02093-y
- Features and evolution of civil aviation CO$ _2 $ emissions based on ADS-B data for the period between 2019–2024 G. Dannet et al. https://doi.org/10.3934/mina.2024016
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Civil Aviation Emissions: A High-Resolution Inventory Study in Eastern China’s Industrial Province C. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16080994
- Beyond ambition: a review of tourism climate change declaration outcomes and prospects from Baku D. Scott & S. Gössling https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2025.2508878
- Characterizing Aircraft Exhaust Emissions and Impact Factors at Tianjin Binhai International Airport via Open-Path Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer J. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12110782
- A double-box model for aircraft exhaust plumes based on the MADE3 aerosol microphysics (MADE3 v4.0) M. Sharma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8485-2025
- Operational differences lead to longer lifetimes of satellite detectable contrails from more fuel efficient aircraft E. Gryspeerdt et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5b78
- On the Weather Impact of Contrails: New Insights from Coupled ICON–CoCiP Simulations U. Schumann & A. Seifert https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18571-2025
- The ELK global emission inventory for the transport sectors M. Righi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1619-2026
- Quantification of the radiative forcing of contrails embedded in cirrus clouds T. Seelig et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66231-8
- Decarbonization of the aviation sector must address air quality concerns C. Grimes & R. Alvarez https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae0350
- Contributions of lightning to long-term trends and inter-annual variability in global atmospheric chemistry constrained by Schumann resonance observations X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8929-2025
- Near-Surface Hazardous Emissions from Global Civil Aviation LTO Cycles: Estimation and Mitigation Strategies X. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142451
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- Comparison of Identified Ice Supersaturated Regions for Contrail Avoidance Using Three Standard Weather Forecast Databases A. Rose-Tejwani et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020149
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- The effect of uncertainty in humidity and model parameters on the prediction of contrail energy forcing J. Platt et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6ee5
- Reduced contrail radiative effect for fleets with low soot and water vapour emissions M. Rubin-Zuzic et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100353
- The ice supersaturation biases limiting contrail modelling are structured around extratropical depressions O. Driver et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16411-2025
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- Beyond the Rhetoric of “Sustainable Aviation”: A Counterfactual Confrontation S. Gössling et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875251411867
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- A comprehensive framework for estimating aircraft fuel consumption based on flight trajectories L. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2025.104339
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- Global aviation contrail climate effects from 2019 to 2021 R. Teoh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6071-2024
- Description and evaluation of a new contrail cirrus parameterization in the ARPEGE-Climat atmospheric model M. Perini et al. https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.312
- Targeted use of paraffinic kerosene: Potentials and implications G. Quante et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100279
- Insights into transportation CO2 emissions with big data and artificial intelligence Z. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2025.101186
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Interflight Variability in Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Global Aviation Y. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c02371
- Enabling Interaction-Free Continuous Descent Through Eligible Flight Identification and Top-of-Descent Prediction C. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C038399
- Four-dimensional aircraft emission inventory dataset of the landing-and-takeoff cycle in China (2019–2023) J. Lang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2489-2025
- Lidar observations of cirrus cloud properties with CALIPSO from midlatitudes towards high-latitudes Q. Li & S. Groß https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16657-2025
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- Real-world aviation emissions of ultrafine particles and nitric oxide: The trade-off between fuel efficiency and pollutant emissions B. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121897
- Sustainable Aviation Fuel Deployment Strategies in Europe: Supply Chain Implications and Climate Benefits E. Woeldgen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c02364
- Characterizing the Full Climate Impact of Individual Real-World Flights Using a Linear Temperature Response Model M. Awde & C. Stuart https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12020121
- Powering aircraft with 100 % sustainable aviation fuel reduces ice crystals in contrails R. Märkl et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3813-2024
- Private aviation is making a growing contribution to climate change S. Gössling et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01775-z
- Forecasting contrail climate forcing for flight planning and air traffic management applications: the CocipGrid model in pycontrails 0.51.0 Z. Engberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-253-2025
- Overlooked Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds from Aviation Emissions beyond Regulated Pollutants Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.6c00039
- Factors limiting contrail detection in satellite imagery O. Driver et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1115-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Jul 2026
Short summary
Emissions from aircraft contribute to climate change and degrade air quality. We describe an up-to-date 4D emissions inventory of global aviation from 2019 to 2021 based on actual flown trajectories. In 2019, 40.2 million flights collectively travelled 61 billion kilometres using 283 Tg of fuel. Long-haul flights were responsible for 43 % of CO2. The emissions inventory is made available for use in future studies to evaluate the negative externalities arising from global aviation.
Emissions from aircraft contribute to climate change and degrade air quality. We describe an...
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