Articles | Volume 24, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4733-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4733-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Apr 2024
Research article |
| 19 Apr 2024
| 19 Apr 2024
First evaluation of the GEMS formaldehyde product against TROPOMI and ground-based column measurements during the in-orbit test period
Gitaek T. Lee
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, University of Suwon, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Eunjo S. Ha
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Sieun D. Lee
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Seunga Shin
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Myoung-Hwan Ahn
Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Mina Kang
Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Yong-Sang Choi
Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Gyuyeon Kim
Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Dong-Won Lee
Environmental Satellite Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
Deok-Rae Kim
Environmental Satellite Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
Hyunkee Hong
Environmental Satellite Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
Bavo Langerock
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Corinne Vigouroux
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Christophe Lerot
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
now at: Constellr, Brussels, Belgium
Francois Hendrick
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Gaia Pinardi
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Isabelle De Smedt
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Michel Van Roozendael
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Pucai Wang
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
Heesung Chong
Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Yeseul Cho
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Jhoon Kim
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cited
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Characterization of Pandora Sky-Scan Modes from the Japan Pandora Network and Evaluation of Their Use in Validating Satellite NO2 and HCHO Retrievals N. Chi et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00223
- Direct-sun versus sky-scan Pandora formaldehyde retrievals: implications for satellite validation and sampling representativeness in Tropical Southeast Asia S. Arul et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3713-2026
- First evaluation of the GEMS glyoxal products against TROPOMI and ground-based measurements E. Ha et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6369-2024
- Pioneering Air Quality Monitoring over East and Southeast Asia with the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) K. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2024.40.5.2.5
- Improved determination of atmospheric trace gas emissions through observation-based analysis techniques: The AMIGO global initiative G. Oomen et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00092
- Intercomparison of MAX-DOAS, FTIR and direct sun HCHO vertical columns at Xianghe, China G. Pinardi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1259-2026
- Hyperspectral Vertical Remote Sensing Bridges the Satellite-to-Surface Gap: Unraveling Height-Resolved Evolution Mechanisms of Atmospheric Formaldehyde in China B. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c02601
- A bias-corrected GEMS geostationary satellite product for nitrogen dioxide using machine learning to enforce consistency with the TROPOMI satellite instrument Y. Oak et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5147-2024
- Role of factors controlling diurnal variation of cold-season formaldehyde during Satellite Integrated Joint Monitoring of Air Quality 2021 campaign L. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178283
- Air quality trends and regimes in South Korea inferred from 2015–2023 surface and satellite observations Y. Oak et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3233-2025
- Chemical Consistency of GNN-Inferred High-Resolution NO2-O3 Fields: Surface Oxidant Partitioning in the Seoul Metropolitan Area-Gangwon Region P. Jeong et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2026.42.2.342
- Global OMI HCHO Level-3 oversampling dataset: high spatial resolution and lightweight uncertainty H. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06577-w
- Unraveling overestimated exposure risks through hourly ozone retrievals from next-generation geostationary satellites S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58652-2
- Overview: The Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change at 35 years: achievements and future strategy I. Petropavlovskikh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8637-2026
- Vertical profiles and chemical composition of NR-PM1 in Korea from airborne measurements J. Ban et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121628
- Collision induced absorption in HITRAN2024: Enhanced and improved data for atmospheric and planetary studies J. Terragni et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109631
- Introduction of Ground-based Remote Sensing and Applications for Air Quality Monitoring S. Park et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2025.41.2.254
- Free-running ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy enabling absolute electronic fingerprinting L. Fürst et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-026-00250-6
- Validation of GEMS operational v2.0 total column NO2 and HCHO during the GMAP/SIJAQ campaign K. Bae et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179190
- The Influence of Australian Bushfire on the Upper Tropospheric CO and Hydrocarbon Distribution in the South Pacific D. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17122092
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Characterization of Pandora Sky-Scan Modes from the Japan Pandora Network and Evaluation of Their Use in Validating Satellite NO2 and HCHO Retrievals N. Chi et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00223
- Direct-sun versus sky-scan Pandora formaldehyde retrievals: implications for satellite validation and sampling representativeness in Tropical Southeast Asia S. Arul et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3713-2026
- First evaluation of the GEMS glyoxal products against TROPOMI and ground-based measurements E. Ha et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6369-2024
- Pioneering Air Quality Monitoring over East and Southeast Asia with the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) K. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2024.40.5.2.5
- Improved determination of atmospheric trace gas emissions through observation-based analysis techniques: The AMIGO global initiative G. Oomen et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00092
- Intercomparison of MAX-DOAS, FTIR and direct sun HCHO vertical columns at Xianghe, China G. Pinardi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1259-2026
- Hyperspectral Vertical Remote Sensing Bridges the Satellite-to-Surface Gap: Unraveling Height-Resolved Evolution Mechanisms of Atmospheric Formaldehyde in China B. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c02601
- A bias-corrected GEMS geostationary satellite product for nitrogen dioxide using machine learning to enforce consistency with the TROPOMI satellite instrument Y. Oak et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5147-2024
- Role of factors controlling diurnal variation of cold-season formaldehyde during Satellite Integrated Joint Monitoring of Air Quality 2021 campaign L. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178283
- Air quality trends and regimes in South Korea inferred from 2015–2023 surface and satellite observations Y. Oak et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3233-2025
- Chemical Consistency of GNN-Inferred High-Resolution NO2-O3 Fields: Surface Oxidant Partitioning in the Seoul Metropolitan Area-Gangwon Region P. Jeong et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2026.42.2.342
- Global OMI HCHO Level-3 oversampling dataset: high spatial resolution and lightweight uncertainty H. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06577-w
- Unraveling overestimated exposure risks through hourly ozone retrievals from next-generation geostationary satellites S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58652-2
- Overview: The Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change at 35 years: achievements and future strategy I. Petropavlovskikh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8637-2026
- Vertical profiles and chemical composition of NR-PM1 in Korea from airborne measurements J. Ban et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121628
- Collision induced absorption in HITRAN2024: Enhanced and improved data for atmospheric and planetary studies J. Terragni et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109631
- Introduction of Ground-based Remote Sensing and Applications for Air Quality Monitoring S. Park et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2025.41.2.254
- Free-running ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy enabling absolute electronic fingerprinting L. Fürst et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-026-00250-6
- Validation of GEMS operational v2.0 total column NO2 and HCHO during the GMAP/SIJAQ campaign K. Bae et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179190
- The Influence of Australian Bushfire on the Upper Tropospheric CO and Hydrocarbon Distribution in the South Pacific D. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17122092
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jul 2026
Short summary
This study evaluates the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) HCHO product by comparing its vertical column densities (VCDs) with those of TROPOMI and ground-based observations. Based on some sensitivity tests, obtaining radiance references under clear-sky conditions significantly improves HCHO retrieval quality. GEMS HCHO VCDs captured seasonal and diurnal variations well during the first year of observation, showing consistency with TROPOMI and ground-based observations.
This study evaluates the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) HCHO product...
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