Articles | Volume 24, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13681-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13681-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
11 Dec 2024
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 11 Dec 2024
| 11 Dec 2024
Warming effects of reduced sulfur emissions from shipping
Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Daniel P. Grosvenor
Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Ben B. B. Booth
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Colin P. Morice
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Ken S. Carslaw
Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Total article views: 9,688 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total article views: 5,838 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Cited
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Surface temperature effects of recent reductions in shipping SO2 emissions are within internal variability D. Watson-Parris et al.
- Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024 L. Cheng et al.
- The observed September 2023 temperature jump was nearly impossible under standard anthropogenic forcing S. Seeber et al.
- Physical understanding of the extreme global temperature jump in 2023 J. Mex et al.
- First crossings of global warming levels in CMIP6 in light of observed 1.5 °C exceedance K. Nordling et al.
- Recent Advances in the Observation and Modeling of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions, Cloud Feedbacks, and Earth’s Energy Imbalance: A Review T. Michibata et al.
- Assessing the impact of ship emissions on the atmospheric chemical composition in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Piraeus port (Greece) A. Poupkou et al.
- Biomethanol as a Marine Fuel Within Land Use Sustainability Boundaries H. Esfandiari et al.
- Decomposing the global and regional aerosol effective radiative forcing associated with strong versus weak air quality policies by Mid-21st century R. Allen et al.
- Vertical cooperation strategy of ports and shipping companies considering emission reduction L. Meng et al.
- An intercomparison of aircraft sulfur dioxide measurements in clean and polluted marine environments L. Temple et al.
- Highly light-absorbing particle emissions from low-sulfur marine fuels T. Kokkola et al.
- Mixing State, Morphology, and Chemical Composition of Ship-Emitted Soot Revealed by UAV-Based Plume Observations S. Bie et al.
- Reduced aerosol pollution diminished cloud reflectivity over the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific K. von Salzen et al.
- Phased, Seasonal, and regional asymmetries in China’s temperature change during 1948–2022: Insights and uncertainties from a Multi-Dataset analysis Y. Shen
- A double-box model for aircraft exhaust plumes based on the MADE3 aerosol microphysics (MADE3 v4.0) M. Sharma et al.
- SO2 and NOx emissions from ships in North-East Atlantic waters: in situ measurements and comparison with an emission model J. Lee et al.
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Surface temperature effects of recent reductions in shipping SO2 emissions are within internal variability D. Watson-Parris et al.
- Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024 L. Cheng et al.
- The observed September 2023 temperature jump was nearly impossible under standard anthropogenic forcing S. Seeber et al.
- Physical understanding of the extreme global temperature jump in 2023 J. Mex et al.
- First crossings of global warming levels in CMIP6 in light of observed 1.5 °C exceedance K. Nordling et al.
- Recent Advances in the Observation and Modeling of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions, Cloud Feedbacks, and Earth’s Energy Imbalance: A Review T. Michibata et al.
- Assessing the impact of ship emissions on the atmospheric chemical composition in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Piraeus port (Greece) A. Poupkou et al.
- Biomethanol as a Marine Fuel Within Land Use Sustainability Boundaries H. Esfandiari et al.
- Decomposing the global and regional aerosol effective radiative forcing associated with strong versus weak air quality policies by Mid-21st century R. Allen et al.
- Vertical cooperation strategy of ports and shipping companies considering emission reduction L. Meng et al.
- An intercomparison of aircraft sulfur dioxide measurements in clean and polluted marine environments L. Temple et al.
- Highly light-absorbing particle emissions from low-sulfur marine fuels T. Kokkola et al.
- Mixing State, Morphology, and Chemical Composition of Ship-Emitted Soot Revealed by UAV-Based Plume Observations S. Bie et al.
- Reduced aerosol pollution diminished cloud reflectivity over the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific K. von Salzen et al.
- Phased, Seasonal, and regional asymmetries in China’s temperature change during 1948–2022: Insights and uncertainties from a Multi-Dataset analysis Y. Shen
- A double-box model for aircraft exhaust plumes based on the MADE3 aerosol microphysics (MADE3 v4.0) M. Sharma et al.
- SO2 and NOx emissions from ships in North-East Atlantic waters: in situ measurements and comparison with an emission model J. Lee et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 08 May 2026
Editorial statement
Strong reduction of sulfur emission from shipping since 2020 provides a rare opportunity to examine the response of climate system to anthropogenic forcing. Using a global climate model, this study estimates a global aerosol effective radiative forcing of 0.13 W m-2 from ship emission reduction. This emission reduction leads to a global mean warming of 0.04 K in 2020-2049 with larger warming at regional scales. The warming may not be evident at present day because of the climate variability, but can represent a significant fraction (17%) of the remaining warming to 1.5 K target.
Strong reduction of sulfur emission from shipping since 2020 provides a rare opportunity to...
Short summary
A 2020 regulation has reduced sulfur emissions from shipping by about 80 %, leading to a decrease in atmospheric aerosols that have a cooling effect primarily by affecting cloud properties and amounts. Our climate model simulations predict a global temperature increase of 0.04 K over the next 3 decades as a result, which could contribute to surpassing the Paris Agreement's 1.5 °C target. Reduced aerosols may have also contributed to the recent temperature spikes.
A 2020 regulation has reduced sulfur emissions from shipping by about 80 %, leading to a...
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