Articles | Volume 23, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Aug 2023
Research article |
| 02 Aug 2023
| 02 Aug 2023
Estimating nitrogen and sulfur deposition across China during 2005 to 2020 based on multiple statistical models
Kaiyue Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School
of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources
and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green
Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Lin Zhang
Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University,
Beijing 100871, China
Mingrui Ma
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School
of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Xuejun Liu
Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources
and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green
Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Yu Zhao
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School
of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and
Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science
and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
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Cited
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Topographic effects on nitrogen deposition and critical load exceedance in the Sichuan Basin, China M. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107977
- Spatial variation of sulfur in terrestrial ecosystems in China: Content, density, and storage W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167848
- Soil Chemistry and Stoichiometric Responses of Male and Female Torreya grandis to Nitrogen Deposition Under Salt Stress M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12060723
- Spatial–temporal distribution and variation of atmospheric NO2 dry deposition in the Yellow River Basin from 2015 to 2023 Z. Rao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14948-w
- Divergent response of surface and deep soil nitrogen mineralization to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a subtropical forest L. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-026-0420-9
- China Played a Greater Role in Reducing the Deposition of Japan and Korea Than Themselves K. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c08247
- Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition Contributes to Soil Acidity Variation Under Different Land use Patterns Over Decade in a Subtropical Small Watershed H. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-09346-y
- Plant-soil interactions in grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau under global change W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06291-1
- Nationwide Decline of Wet Sulfur Deposition in China from 2013 to 2023 Y. Xi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198815
- Characteristics of the long-term variations in sulfate–nitrate–ammonium aerosols in a coastal city in Northern China—Interpretability analysis from a machine learning perspective J. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121245
- Higher resistance of larch-broadleaf mixed forests than larch forests against soil acidification under experimental nitrogen addition M. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06677-9
- Sulfur fertilization contribute to China’s food security: A meta-analysis Z. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127510
- Explainable Machine Learning for High-Resolution Modeling of Long-Term Atmospheric Nitrogen and Sulfur Wet Deposition across the United States J. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c17006
- Regional-scale patterns and drivers of soil CO2 emissions in steppe ecosystems W. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-025-0353-8
- Root microbiome dynamics favor slow-growth strategies during Pinus seedling development C. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycag018
- Advancing Provincial Cropland Soil Mapping With Temporal Satellite Data Integration X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.70108
- Atmospheric Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition in Five Nature Reserves of Sichuan Basin to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Transect Region, Southwestern China Z. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-024-1473-2
- Spatiotemporal variations of wet and dry Sulfur deposition in Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120961
- Nitrogen deposition reshapes biological nitrogen fixation and soil diazotrophic communities across urban and rural forests R. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109101
- Liming suppresses fine root production and turnover in a northern hardwood forest D. Frey et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2025-0024
- Ammonia exchange flux over a tropical dry deciduous forest in the dry season in Thailand M. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18291-2025
- Wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the Jiuzhaigou World Heritage Site, China: Spatial variations, 2010–2022 trends, and implications for karst ecosystem conservation Z. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.107087
- Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to cropland in Fujian province, China Z. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121424
- Driving mechanisms of forest age and climate on carbon sinks in Xinjiang forests L. Zhai et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1775711
- Nitrogen deposition enhances the competitive advantage of invasive plant species over common native species through improved resource acquisition and absorption C. Xiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00541-5
- Surface-air exchanges of H2S and SO2 in an urban wetland in eastern China Q. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175701
- Increasing nitrogen availability increases water-use efficiency and decreases nitrogen-use efficiency in Acer saccharum E. Perkowski et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf119
- Mosses record historical variations of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in a mountain area of northern China Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaf039
- Impacts of trade-driven outsourced nitrogen emissions on environment and environmental inequities in China C. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146006
- Data driven analysis on changing patterns of reactive nitrogen deposition in East and Southeast Asia J. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121962
- Atmospheric deposition of pollutants at three altitudes on Mount Emei, Sichuan Basin, southwestern China Z. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177806
- Wet and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen to Lake Erhai basin: Composition, spatiotemporal patterns and implications for nitrogen inputs into the lake J. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120995
- Paddy soil acidification: causes, harms, and mitigation measures L. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2025-0188
- Spatial and temporal evolution of future atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition in China under different climate change mitigation strategies M. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2147-2025
- On the contribution of atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition to nitrogen burden in a eutrophic Lake in eastern China W. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122597
- Can sustained climate warming intensify the carbon source potential of saline lakes on the Qingzang Plateau? D. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127533
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Topographic effects on nitrogen deposition and critical load exceedance in the Sichuan Basin, China M. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107977
- Spatial variation of sulfur in terrestrial ecosystems in China: Content, density, and storage W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167848
- Soil Chemistry and Stoichiometric Responses of Male and Female Torreya grandis to Nitrogen Deposition Under Salt Stress M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12060723
- Spatial–temporal distribution and variation of atmospheric NO2 dry deposition in the Yellow River Basin from 2015 to 2023 Z. Rao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14948-w
- Divergent response of surface and deep soil nitrogen mineralization to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a subtropical forest L. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-026-0420-9
- China Played a Greater Role in Reducing the Deposition of Japan and Korea Than Themselves K. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c08247
- Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition Contributes to Soil Acidity Variation Under Different Land use Patterns Over Decade in a Subtropical Small Watershed H. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-09346-y
- Plant-soil interactions in grasslands of the Mongolian Plateau under global change W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06291-1
- Nationwide Decline of Wet Sulfur Deposition in China from 2013 to 2023 Y. Xi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198815
- Characteristics of the long-term variations in sulfate–nitrate–ammonium aerosols in a coastal city in Northern China—Interpretability analysis from a machine learning perspective J. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121245
- Higher resistance of larch-broadleaf mixed forests than larch forests against soil acidification under experimental nitrogen addition M. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06677-9
- Sulfur fertilization contribute to China’s food security: A meta-analysis Z. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127510
- Explainable Machine Learning for High-Resolution Modeling of Long-Term Atmospheric Nitrogen and Sulfur Wet Deposition across the United States J. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c17006
- Regional-scale patterns and drivers of soil CO2 emissions in steppe ecosystems W. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-025-0353-8
- Root microbiome dynamics favor slow-growth strategies during Pinus seedling development C. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/ismeco/ycag018
- Advancing Provincial Cropland Soil Mapping With Temporal Satellite Data Integration X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.70108
- Atmospheric Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition in Five Nature Reserves of Sichuan Basin to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Transect Region, Southwestern China Z. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-024-1473-2
- Spatiotemporal variations of wet and dry Sulfur deposition in Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120961
- Nitrogen deposition reshapes biological nitrogen fixation and soil diazotrophic communities across urban and rural forests R. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109101
- Liming suppresses fine root production and turnover in a northern hardwood forest D. Frey et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2025-0024
- Ammonia exchange flux over a tropical dry deciduous forest in the dry season in Thailand M. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18291-2025
- Wet deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the Jiuzhaigou World Heritage Site, China: Spatial variations, 2010–2022 trends, and implications for karst ecosystem conservation Z. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.107087
- Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to cropland in Fujian province, China Z. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121424
- Driving mechanisms of forest age and climate on carbon sinks in Xinjiang forests L. Zhai et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1775711
- Nitrogen deposition enhances the competitive advantage of invasive plant species over common native species through improved resource acquisition and absorption C. Xiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00541-5
- Surface-air exchanges of H2S and SO2 in an urban wetland in eastern China Q. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175701
- Increasing nitrogen availability increases water-use efficiency and decreases nitrogen-use efficiency in Acer saccharum E. Perkowski et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf119
- Mosses record historical variations of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in a mountain area of northern China Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaf039
- Impacts of trade-driven outsourced nitrogen emissions on environment and environmental inequities in China C. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146006
- Data driven analysis on changing patterns of reactive nitrogen deposition in East and Southeast Asia J. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121962
- Atmospheric deposition of pollutants at three altitudes on Mount Emei, Sichuan Basin, southwestern China Z. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177806
- Wet and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen to Lake Erhai basin: Composition, spatiotemporal patterns and implications for nitrogen inputs into the lake J. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120995
- Paddy soil acidification: causes, harms, and mitigation measures L. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2025-0188
- Spatial and temporal evolution of future atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition in China under different climate change mitigation strategies M. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2147-2025
- On the contribution of atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition to nitrogen burden in a eutrophic Lake in eastern China W. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122597
- Can sustained climate warming intensify the carbon source potential of saline lakes on the Qingzang Plateau? D. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127533
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 25 Jun 2026
Short summary
We developed a dataset of the long-term (2005–2020) variabilities of China’s nitrogen and sulfur deposition, with multiple statistical models that combine available observations and chemistry transport modeling. We demonstrated the strong impact of human activities and national pollution control actions on the spatiotemporal changes in deposition and indicated a relatively small benefit of emission abatement on deposition (and thereby ecological risk) for China compared to Europe and the USA.
We developed a dataset of the long-term (2005–2020) variabilities of China’s nitrogen and...
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