Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-663-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-663-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Jan 2023
Research article |
| 16 Jan 2023
| 16 Jan 2023
Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Ewa M. Bednarz
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Walker R. Lee
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Ben Kravitz
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
Andy Jones
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
Jim M. Haywood
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Douglas G. MacMartin
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Cited
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Quantifying the Efficiency of Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering at Different Altitudes W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2023GL104417
- Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) in Terrestrial Ecosystem: What We Know and What We Do Not J. Li et al. 10.3390/atmos15070778
- Opinion: The scientific and community-building roles of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) – past, present, and future D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023
- Validating a microphysical prognostic stratospheric aerosol implementation in E3SMv2 using observations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption H. Brown et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5087-2024
- The Choice of Baseline Period Influences the Assessments of the Outcomes of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection D. Visioni et al. 10.1029/2023EF003851
- Projected global sulfur deposition with climate intervention H. Rubin et al. 10.1016/j.gecadv.2024.100011
- Potential impact of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on projected temperature and precipitation extremes in South Africa T. Patel et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/acdaec
- Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations A. Wells et al. 10.5194/acp-23-3985-2023
- World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research J. Haywood et al. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479
- Injection strategy – a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13665-2023
- Assessing the Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on US Convective Weather Environments I. Glade et al. 10.1029/2023EF004041
- On Nucleation Pathways and Particle Size Distribution Evolutions in Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plumes with H2SO4 Enhancement F. Yu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c08408
- Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-687-2023
- Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 P. Neale et al. 10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x
- Regional impacts of solar radiation modification on surface temperature and precipitation in Mainland Southeast Asia and the adjacent oceans P. Narenpitak et al. 10.1038/s41598-024-73149-6
- Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols M. Toohey et al. 10.5194/acp-25-3821-2025
- Change in negative emission burden between an overshoot versus peak-shaved stratospheric aerosol injection pathway S. Baur et al. 10.5194/esd-16-667-2025
- Potential Non‐Linearities in the High Latitude Circulation and Ozone Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Injection E. Bednarz et al. 10.1029/2023GL104726
- How does the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injection affect the climate in UKESM1? M. Henry et al. 10.5194/acp-24-13253-2024
- Potential effects of climate change and solar radiation modification on renewable energy resources A. Kumler et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114934
- Projected malaria transmission risk under climate intervention in South Asia A. Hussain et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/adbeb9
- Low‐Altitude High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Is Feasible With Existing Aircraft A. Duffey et al. 10.1029/2024EF005567
- Comparison of UKESM1 and CESM2 simulations using the same multi-target stratospheric aerosol injection strategy M. Henry et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13369-2023
- Stratospheric transport and tropospheric sink of solar geoengineering aerosol: a Lagrangian analysis H. Sun et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00664-8
- Strategic logic of unilateral climate intervention C. Bell & P. Keys 10.1088/1748-9326/acf94b
- Climate intervention using marine cloud brightening (MCB) compared with stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) in the UKESM1 climate model J. Haywood et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15305-2023
- Hemispherically symmetric strategies for stratospheric aerosol injection Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/esd-15-191-2024
- Impact of the Latitude of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on the Southern Annular Mode E. Bednarz et al. 10.1029/2022GL100353
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Quantifying the Efficiency of Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering at Different Altitudes W. Lee et al. 10.1029/2023GL104417
- Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) in Terrestrial Ecosystem: What We Know and What We Do Not J. Li et al. 10.3390/atmos15070778
- Opinion: The scientific and community-building roles of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) – past, present, and future D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023
- Validating a microphysical prognostic stratospheric aerosol implementation in E3SMv2 using observations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption H. Brown et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5087-2024
- The Choice of Baseline Period Influences the Assessments of the Outcomes of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection D. Visioni et al. 10.1029/2023EF003851
- Projected global sulfur deposition with climate intervention H. Rubin et al. 10.1016/j.gecadv.2024.100011
- Potential impact of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on projected temperature and precipitation extremes in South Africa T. Patel et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/acdaec
- Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations A. Wells et al. 10.5194/acp-23-3985-2023
- World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research J. Haywood et al. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479
- Injection strategy – a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13665-2023
- Assessing the Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on US Convective Weather Environments I. Glade et al. 10.1029/2023EF004041
- On Nucleation Pathways and Particle Size Distribution Evolutions in Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plumes with H2SO4 Enhancement F. Yu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c08408
- Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-687-2023
- Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 P. Neale et al. 10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x
- Regional impacts of solar radiation modification on surface temperature and precipitation in Mainland Southeast Asia and the adjacent oceans P. Narenpitak et al. 10.1038/s41598-024-73149-6
- Stratospheric residence time and the lifetime of volcanic stratospheric aerosols M. Toohey et al. 10.5194/acp-25-3821-2025
- Change in negative emission burden between an overshoot versus peak-shaved stratospheric aerosol injection pathway S. Baur et al. 10.5194/esd-16-667-2025
- Potential Non‐Linearities in the High Latitude Circulation and Ozone Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Injection E. Bednarz et al. 10.1029/2023GL104726
- How does the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injection affect the climate in UKESM1? M. Henry et al. 10.5194/acp-24-13253-2024
- Potential effects of climate change and solar radiation modification on renewable energy resources A. Kumler et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114934
- Projected malaria transmission risk under climate intervention in South Asia A. Hussain et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/adbeb9
- Low‐Altitude High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Is Feasible With Existing Aircraft A. Duffey et al. 10.1029/2024EF005567
- Comparison of UKESM1 and CESM2 simulations using the same multi-target stratospheric aerosol injection strategy M. Henry et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13369-2023
- Stratospheric transport and tropospheric sink of solar geoengineering aerosol: a Lagrangian analysis H. Sun et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00664-8
- Strategic logic of unilateral climate intervention C. Bell & P. Keys 10.1088/1748-9326/acf94b
- Climate intervention using marine cloud brightening (MCB) compared with stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) in the UKESM1 climate model J. Haywood et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15305-2023
- Hemispherically symmetric strategies for stratospheric aerosol injection Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/esd-15-191-2024
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 24 May 2025
Short summary
The paper constitutes Part 1 of a study performing a first systematic inter-model comparison of the atmospheric responses to stratospheric sulfate aerosol injections (SAIs) at various latitudes as simulated by three state-of-the-art Earth system models. We identify similarities and differences in the modeled aerosol burden, investigate the differences in the aerosol approaches between the models, and ultimately show the differences produced in surface climate, temperature and precipitation.
The paper constitutes Part 1 of a study performing a first systematic inter-model comparison of...
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