Articles | Volume 23, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5783-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5783-2023
Review article
 | 
24 May 2023
Review article |  | 24 May 2023

Progress in investigating long-term trends in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere

Jan Laštovička

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Latest update: 05 Dec 2024
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Short summary
Increasing concentration of greenhouse gases, particularly of CO2, in the atmosphere causes well-known heating of the troposphere and surface. However, the increasing concentration of CO2 also affects higher levels of the atmosphere, the stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere, where it results in remarkable long-term trends. This article reviews significant progress in investigations of long-term trends in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere during the period 2018–2022.
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