Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 1: Neutral density and temperature

Cai, Yihui; Yue, Xinan; Zhou, Xu; Ren, Zhipeng; Wei, Yong; Pan, Yongxin

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023

Articles | Volume 23, issue 9

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023

© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Special issue:

Long-term changes and trends in the middle and upper...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023

© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 23, issue 9

Research article

|

04 May 2023

Research article |

| 04 May 2023

Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 1: Neutral density and temperature

Yihui Cai, Xinan Yue, Xu Zhou, Zhipeng Ren, Yong Wei, and Yongxin Pan

Data sets

EarthRef.org Digital Archive (ERDA EarthRef https://earthref.org/ERDA/2207

International Geomagnetic Reference Field NOAA https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html

NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - AICC2012 800KYr Antarctic Ice Core Chronology NOAA https://data.noaa.gov/dataset/dataset/noaa-wds-paleoclimatology-aicc2012-800kyr-antarctic-ice-core-chronology

NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Law Dome Ice Core 2000-Year CO2, CH4, and N2O Data NOAA https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=noaa-icecore-9959

Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years S. K. Solanki, I. G. Usoskin, B. Kromer, M. Sch\"{u}ssler, and J. Beer https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02995

Sunspot Numbers NOAA https://ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/solar/ssndata.html

Simulated Long-term Evolution of the Thermosphere during the Holocene: 1. Neutral Density and Temperature Y. Cai https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZQ8HY

Interface to produce plots, listings or output files from OMNI 2 NASA https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html

Short summary

On timescales longer than the solar cycle, secular changes in CO₂ concentration and geomagnetic field play a key role in influencing the thermosphere. We performed four sets of ~12000-year control runs with the coupled thermosphere–ionosphere model to examine the effects of the geomagnetic field, CO₂, and solar activity on thermospheric density and temperature, deepening our understanding of long-term changes in the thermosphere and making projections for future thermospheric changes.