Evaluating F2-region long-term trends using the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model: is this a feasible approximation for experimental trends?

Zossi, Bruno S.; Duran, Trinidad; Medina, Franco D.; de Haro Barbas, Blas F.; Melendi, Yamila; Elias, Ana G.

doi:10.5194/acp-23-13973-2023

Articles | Volume 23, issue 21

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13973-2023

© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Special issue:

Long-term changes and trends in the middle and upper...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13973-2023

© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 23, issue 21

Research article

|

09 Nov 2023

Research article |

| 09 Nov 2023

Evaluating F2-region long-term trends using the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model: is this a feasible approximation for experimental trends?

Bruno S. Zossi, Trinidad Duran, Franco D. Medina, Blas F. de Haro Barbas, Yamila Melendi, and Ana G. Elias

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Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 22 Jun 2023)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jun 2023	32	9	4	45
Jul 2023	67	8	5	80
Aug 2023	42	6	2	50
Sep 2023	33	17	7	57
Oct 2023	14	9	5	28
Nov 2023	114	6	3	123
Dec 2023	22	9	2	33
Jan 2024	10	13	2	25
Feb 2024	41	6	1	48
Mar 2024	23	20	2	45
Apr 2024	24	15	4	43
May 2024	35	17	5	57
Jun 2024	50	15	6	71
Jul 2024	43	17	7	67
Aug 2024	34	16	6	56
Sep 2024	26	8	0	34
Oct 2024	35	7	0	42
Nov 2024	36	9	1	46
Dec 2024	32	5	0	37
Jan 2025	22	23	3	48
Feb 2025	19	9	0	28
Mar 2025	45	10	0	55
Apr 2025	41	19	1	61
May 2025	73	30	2	105
Jun 2025	83	44	5	132
Jul 2025	37	32	2	71
Aug 2025	90	40	0	130
Sep 2025	73	37	3	113
Oct 2025	47	48	1	96
Nov 2025	67	61	2	130
Dec 2025	89	40	4	133
Jan 2026	140	29	13	182
Feb 2026	106	20	5	131
Mar 2026	104	62	10	176
Apr 2026	75	40	7	122
May 2026	76	27	3	106
Jun 2026	20	9	1	30
Jul 2026	13	8	10	31

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Short summary

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is a widely used ionospheric empirical model based on observations from a worldwide network of ionospheric stations. It is reasonable, then, to expect that it captures long-term changes in ionospheric parameters linked to trend forcings like greenhouse gases increasing concentration and the Earth's magnetic field secular variation. We show that the IRI model can be a valuable tool for obtaining preliminary approximations of experimental trends.