Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2955-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2955-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 04 Mar 2022
| 04 Mar 2022
An interactive stratospheric aerosol model intercomparison of solar geoengineering by stratospheric injection of SO2 or accumulation-mode sulfuric acid aerosols
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
retired
Daniele Visioni
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Henning Franke
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Ulrike Niemeier
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Sandro Vattioni
Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
Gabriel Chiodo
Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
Thomas Peter
Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
David W. Keith
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Total article views: 7,099 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Optimizing Injection Locations Relaxes Altitude‐Lifetime Trade‐Off for Stratospheric Aerosol Injection H. Sun et al. 10.1029/2023GL105371
- Strategic logic of unilateral climate intervention C. Bell & P. Keys 10.1088/1748-9326/acf94b
- Analysis of the global atmospheric background sulfur budget in a multi-model framework C. Brodowsky et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5513-2024
- Developing a Plume‐in‐Grid Model for Plume Evolution in the Stratosphere H. Sun et al. 10.1029/2021MS002816
- A subpolar-focused stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenario W. Smith et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/ac8cd3
- Chemical Impact of Stratospheric Alumina Particle Injection for Solar Radiation Modification and Related Uncertainties S. Vattioni et al. 10.1029/2023GL105889
- Under a not so white sky: visual impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection A. Lemon et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ada2ae
- Overlooked Long‐Term Atmospheric Chemical Feedbacks Alter the Impact of Solar Geoengineering: Implications for Tropospheric Oxidative Capacity J. Moch et al. 10.1029/2023AV000911
- Injection strategy – a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13665-2023
- On Nucleation Pathways and Particle Size Distribution Evolutions in Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plumes with H2SO4 Enhancement F. Yu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c08408
- Importance of microphysical settings for climate forcing by stratospheric SO2 injections as modeled by SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-4181-2024
- Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-687-2023
- Climate, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity of “Middle Atmosphere” Chemistry Configurations of the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6)) N. Davis et al. 10.1029/2022MS003579
- World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research J. Haywood et al. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479
- Particle number concentrations and size distributions in the stratosphere: implications of nucleation mechanisms and particle microphysics F. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1863-2023
- Injecting solid particles into the stratosphere could mitigate global warming but currently entails great uncertainties S. Vattioni et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02038-1
- Opinion: The scientific and community-building roles of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) – past, present, and future D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023
- Formation of secondary aerosol by 222 nm Far-UVC irradiation on SO2 Z. Liang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120559
- Reaction of SO3 with HONO2 and Implications for Sulfur Partitioning in the Atmosphere B. Long et al. 10.1021/jacs.2c03499
- Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 P. Neale et al. 10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x
- Validating a microphysical prognostic stratospheric aerosol implementation in E3SMv2 using observations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption H. Brown et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5087-2024
- A fully coupled solid-particle microphysics scheme for stratospheric aerosol injections within the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-7767-2024
- Stratospheric transport and tropospheric sink of solar geoengineering aerosol: a Lagrangian analysis H. Sun et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00664-8
- Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-663-2023
- Simulated response of the climate of eastern Africa to stratospheric aerosol intervention H. Misiani et al. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1522235
- Climate Response to Latitudinal and Altitudinal Distribution of Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols M. Zhao et al. 10.1029/2021JD035379
- Sensitivities of Ozone and Radiative Forcing to Supersonic Aircraft Emissions Across Two Flight Corridors J. van ’t Hoff et al. 10.1029/2023JD040476
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Optimizing Injection Locations Relaxes Altitude‐Lifetime Trade‐Off for Stratospheric Aerosol Injection H. Sun et al. 10.1029/2023GL105371
- Strategic logic of unilateral climate intervention C. Bell & P. Keys 10.1088/1748-9326/acf94b
- Analysis of the global atmospheric background sulfur budget in a multi-model framework C. Brodowsky et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5513-2024
- Developing a Plume‐in‐Grid Model for Plume Evolution in the Stratosphere H. Sun et al. 10.1029/2021MS002816
- A subpolar-focused stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenario W. Smith et al. 10.1088/2515-7620/ac8cd3
- Chemical Impact of Stratospheric Alumina Particle Injection for Solar Radiation Modification and Related Uncertainties S. Vattioni et al. 10.1029/2023GL105889
- Under a not so white sky: visual impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection A. Lemon et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ada2ae
- Overlooked Long‐Term Atmospheric Chemical Feedbacks Alter the Impact of Solar Geoengineering: Implications for Tropospheric Oxidative Capacity J. Moch et al. 10.1029/2023AV000911
- Injection strategy – a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13665-2023
- On Nucleation Pathways and Particle Size Distribution Evolutions in Stratospheric Aircraft Exhaust Plumes with H2SO4 Enhancement F. Yu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c08408
- Importance of microphysical settings for climate forcing by stratospheric SO2 injections as modeled by SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-4181-2024
- Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 2: Stratospheric and free-tropospheric response E. Bednarz et al. 10.5194/acp-23-687-2023
- Climate, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity of “Middle Atmosphere” Chemistry Configurations of the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6)) N. Davis et al. 10.1029/2022MS003579
- World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research J. Haywood et al. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479
- Particle number concentrations and size distributions in the stratosphere: implications of nucleation mechanisms and particle microphysics F. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1863-2023
- Injecting solid particles into the stratosphere could mitigate global warming but currently entails great uncertainties S. Vattioni et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02038-1
- Opinion: The scientific and community-building roles of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) – past, present, and future D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5149-2023
- Formation of secondary aerosol by 222 nm Far-UVC irradiation on SO2 Z. Liang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120559
- Reaction of SO3 with HONO2 and Implications for Sulfur Partitioning in the Atmosphere B. Long et al. 10.1021/jacs.2c03499
- Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 P. Neale et al. 10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x
- Validating a microphysical prognostic stratospheric aerosol implementation in E3SMv2 using observations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption H. Brown et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5087-2024
- A fully coupled solid-particle microphysics scheme for stratospheric aerosol injections within the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-7767-2024
- Stratospheric transport and tropospheric sink of solar geoengineering aerosol: a Lagrangian analysis H. Sun et al. 10.1038/s41612-024-00664-8
- Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models – Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes D. Visioni et al. 10.5194/acp-23-663-2023
- Simulated response of the climate of eastern Africa to stratospheric aerosol intervention H. Misiani et al. 10.3389/fclim.2025.1522235
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 29 Jul 2025
Short summary
This paper explores a potential method of geoengineering that could be used to slow the rate of change of climate over decadal scales. We use three climate models to explore how injections of accumulation-mode sulfuric acid aerosol change the large-scale stratospheric particle size distribution and radiative forcing response for the chosen scenarios. Radiative forcing per unit sulfur injected and relative to the change in aerosol burden is larger with particulate than with SO2 injections.
This paper explores a potential method of geoengineering that could be used to slow the rate of...
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