Articles | Volume 22, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14859-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report
| 
23 Nov 2022
Measurement report |
| 23 Nov 2022
| 23 Nov 2022
Measurement report: Intra- and interannual variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during 2018–2020 in Zhengzhou, central China
Shijie Yu
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Shenbo Wang
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Ruixin Xu
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Dong Zhang
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Meng Zhang
Pingdingshan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Pingdingshan 467000, China
Fangcheng Su
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Xuan Lu
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Xiao Li
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Ruiqin Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Lingling Wang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Environmental Monitoring Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
Related authors
Shijie Yu, Fangcheng Su, Shasha Yin, Shenbo Wang, Ruixin Xu, Bing He, Xiangge Fan, Minghao Yuan, and Ruiqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15239–15257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study measured 106 VOC species using a GC-MS/FID. Meanwhile, the WRF-CMAQ model was used to investigate the nonlinearity of the O3 response to precursor reductions. This study highlights the effectiveness of stringent emission controls in relation to solvent utilization and coal combustion. However, unreasonable emission reduction may aggravate ozone pollution during control periods. It is suggested that emission-reduction ratios of the precursors (VOC : NOx) should be more than 2.
Bowen Zhang, Dong Zhang, Zhe Dong, Xinshuai Song, Ruiqin Zhang, and Xiao Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-575, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-575, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Continuous online VOCs monitoring was carried out at an urban site in a traffic-hub city for two months during the Omicron-infected stage. The characteristics and variations of VOCs in different periods were studied, and their impact on the formation of SOA were evaluated. The work in this manuscript evaluated the influence of the policy variation on VOCs pollution, which will provide some basis for VOCs pollution research and control of pollution sources.
Xinyuan Zhang, Lingling Wang, Nan Wang, Shuangliang Ma, Shenbo Wang, Ruiqin Zhang, Dong Zhang, Mingkai Wang, and Hongyu Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2913, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2913, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Online observational data on particulate matter composition, gaseous pollutants, and meteorological conditions from ten sites in China before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed to investigate the variation in NH3 concentrations and particle pH and explore the promoting effect of increased pH values on HONO formation. This is the first study to discuss the reasons for the increase in AOC during the pandemic from the perspective of the influence of NH3 on HONO.
Dong Zhang, Xiao Li, Minghao Yuan, Yifei Xu, Qixiang Xu, Fangcheng Su, Shenbo Wang, and Ruiqin Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2835, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, Zhengzhou's O3 pollution has increasingly intensified, becoming one of the cities with the highest O3 pollution in central China. During the observation period, ethane, acetone, and propane were always the most abundant species. Vehicular exhaust, solvent usage, and industrial production were the main emission sources of VOCs. According to the scenario analysis, the minimum reduction ratio of AVOCs/NOx should be no less than 3:1 to reduce O3 production.
Shijie Yu, Fangcheng Su, Shasha Yin, Shenbo Wang, Ruixin Xu, Bing He, Xiangge Fan, Minghao Yuan, and Ruiqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15239–15257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study measured 106 VOC species using a GC-MS/FID. Meanwhile, the WRF-CMAQ model was used to investigate the nonlinearity of the O3 response to precursor reductions. This study highlights the effectiveness of stringent emission controls in relation to solvent utilization and coal combustion. However, unreasonable emission reduction may aggravate ozone pollution during control periods. It is suggested that emission-reduction ratios of the precursors (VOC : NOx) should be more than 2.
Qi Hao, Nan Jiang, Ruiqin Zhang, Liuming Yang, and Shengli Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 7087–7102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7087-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7087-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The HONO concentrations during clean, polluted, and severely polluted days were 1.2, 2.3, and 3.7 ppbv. The contributions of the three sources varied under different pollution levels. The proportion of homogenization gradually increased in the second half of the night due to the steady increase in NO. The values of POH+NOnet, CHONO, and Punknown in the severely polluted period were comparatively larger than those in other periods, indicating that HONO participated in many reactions.
Shenbo Wang, Lingling Wang, Yuqing Li, Chen Wang, Weisi Wang, Shasha Yin, and Ruiqin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2719–2734, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2719-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2719-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Synchronous online monitoring was performed in two urban sites and three rural sites in Henan Province. Results show that PM2.5 was more acidic in urban aerosols than that in rural regions, and excess NHx concentrations played a key role in the local particle pH values. Air masses transported from rural and agricultural regions may promote the sulfate formation in urban aerosols. Therefore, ammonia should be involved in the regional strategy for improving the air quality in China.
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Deciphering anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to selected non-methane volatile organic compound emissions in an urban area
Emission characteristics of reactive organic gases (ROGs) from industrial volatile chemical products (VCPs) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China
Measurement report: Enhanced photochemical formation of formic and isocyanic acids in urban regions aloft – insights from tower-based online gradient measurements
Sources of organic gases and aerosol particles and their roles in nighttime particle growth at a rural forested site in southwest Germany
Surface snow bromide and nitrate at Eureka, Canada, in early spring and implications for polar boundary layer chemistry
Opinion: Strengthening research in the Global South – atmospheric science opportunities in South America and Africa
NO3 reactivity during a summer period in a temperate forest below and above the canopy
Shipping and algae emissions have a major impact on ambient air mixing ratios of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and methanethiol on Utö Island in the Baltic Sea
Elevated oxidized mercury in the free troposphere: Analytical advances and application at a remote continental mountaintop site
Contribution of cooking emissions to the urban volatile organic compounds in Las Vegas, NV
Reanalysis of NOAA H2 observations: implications for the H2 budget
A large role of missing volatile organic compound reactivity from anthropogenic emissions in ozone pollution regulation
Using observed urban NOx sinks to constrain VOC reactivity and the ozone and radical budget in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Measurement report: Insights into the chemical composition and origin of molecular clusters and potential precursor molecules present in the free troposphere over the southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo Observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Réunion)
Production of oxygenated volatile organic compounds from the ozonolysis of coastal seawater
Comment on “Transport of substantial stratospheric ozone to the surface by a dying typhoon and shallow convection” by Chen et al. (2022)
Observations of cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the global troposphere and their relation to polar surface O3 destruction
Individual coal mine methane emissions constrained by eddy covariance measurements: low bias and missing sources
Real-world emission characteristics of VOCs from typical cargo ships and their potential contributions to SOA and O3 under low-sulfur fuel policies
Roles of oceanic ventilation and terrestrial outflow in the atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons over the Chinese marginal seas
Measurement report: Observations of ground-level ozone concentration gradients perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline
Biomass burning sources control ambient particulate matter but traffic and industrial sources control VOCs and secondary pollutant formation during extreme pollution events in Delhi
Measurement report: The Palau Atmospheric Observatory and its ozonesonde record – continuous monitoring of tropospheric composition and dynamics in the tropical western Pacific
Quantifying SO2 oxidation pathways to atmospheric sulfate using stable sulfur and oxygen isotopes: laboratory simulation and field observation
Influences of downward transport and photochemistry on surface ozone over East Antarctica during austral summer: in situ observations and model simulations
Iodine oxoacids and their roles in sub-3 nm particle growth in polluted urban environments
Measurement Report: Elevated excess-NH3 can promote the redox reaction to produce HONO: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic
Intensive photochemical oxidation in the marine atmosphere: evidence from direct radical measurements
Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources
Measurement report: Method for evaluating CO2 emissions from a cement plant using atmospheric δ(O2 ∕ N2) and CO2 measurements and its implication for future detection of CO2 capture signals
Aircraft-based mass balance estimate of methane emissions from offshore gas facilities in the southern North Sea
Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements
Measurement report: Atmospheric nitrate radical chemistry in the South China Sea influenced by the urban outflow of the Pearl River Delta
Measurement report: Vertical and temporal variability of near-surface ozone production rate and sensitivity in an urban area in Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China
The interhemispheric gradient of SF6 in the upper troposphere
Weather regimes and the related atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory characterized by hierarchical clustering of a 5-year data set
Concentration and source changes of HONO during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing
Characteristics and sources of VOCs and the O3-NOx-VOCs relationships in the central plain city, China
Tropospheric bromine monoxide vertical profiles retrieved across the Alaskan Arctic in springtime
Source apportionment of methane emissions from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using isotopic signatures
Measurement report: Exchange fluxes of HONO over agricultural fields in the North China Plain
HONO chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018: formation mechanisms and impacts on O3 production
Evaluation of modelled climatologies of O3, CO, water vapour and NOy in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere using regular in situ observations by passenger aircraft
Photochemical ageing of aerosols contributes significantly to the production of atmospheric formic acid
Nitrous acid budgets in the coastal atmosphere: potential daytime marine sources
Undetected biogenic volatile organic compounds from Norway spruce drive total ozone reactivity measurements
Quantification of fossil fuel CO2 from combined CO, δ13CO2 and Δ14CO2 observations
Radical chemistry and ozone production at a UK coastal receptor site
Sources and long-term variability of carbon monoxide at Mount Kenya and in Nairobi
Measurement report: Airborne measurements of NOx fluxes over Los Angeles during the RECAP-CA 2021 campaign
Arianna Peron, Martin Graus, Marcus Striednig, Christian Lamprecht, Georg Wohlfahrt, and Thomas Karl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7063–7083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The anthropogenic fraction of non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions associated with biogenic sources (e.g., terpenes) is investigated based on eddy covariance observations. The anthropogenic fraction of terpene emissions is strongly dependent on season. When analyzing volatile chemical product (VCP) emissions in urban environments, we caution that observations from short-term campaigns might over-/underestimate their significance depending on local and seasonal circumstances.
Sihang Wang, Bin Yuan, Xianjun He, Ru Cui, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Caihong Wu, Chaomin Wang, Yibo Huangfu, Xiao-Bing Li, Boguang Wang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7101–7121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7101-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7101-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of reactive organic gases from industrial volatile chemical product sources are measured. There are large differences among these industrial sources. We show that oxygenated species account for significant contributions to reactive organic gas emissions, especially for industrial sources utilizing water-borne chemicals.
Qing Yang, Xiao-Bing Li, Bin Yuan, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Yibo Huangfu, Lei Yang, Xianjun He, Jipeng Qi, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6865–6882, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Online vertical gradient measurements of formic and isocyanic acids were made based on a 320 m tower in a megacity. Vertical variations and sources of the two acids were analyzed in this study. We find that formic and isocyanic acids exhibited positive vertical gradients and were mainly contributed by photochemical formations. The formation of formic and isocyanic acids was also significantly enhanced in urban regions aloft.
Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Feng Jiang, Linyu Gao, Hengheng Zhang, and Thomas Leisner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6699–6717, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents concurrent online measurements of organic gas and particles (VOCs and OA) at a forested site in summer. Both VOCs and OA were largely contributed by oxygenated organic compounds. Semi-volatile oxygenated OA and organic nitrate formed from monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes contributed significantly to nighttime particle growth. The results help us to understand the causes of nighttime particle growth regularly observed in summer in central European rural forested environments.
Xin Yang, Kimberly Strong, Alison S. Criscitiello, Marta Santos-Garcia, Kristof Bognar, Xiaoyi Zhao, Pierre Fogal, Kaley A. Walker, Sara M. Morris, and Peter Effertz
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5863–5886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses snow samples collected from a Canadian high Arctic site, Eureka, to demonstrate that surface snow in early spring is a net sink of atmospheric bromine and nitrogen. Surface snow bromide and nitrate are significantly correlated, indicating the oxidation of reactive nitrogen is accelerated by reactive bromine. In addition, we show evidence that snow photochemical release of reactive bromine is very weak, and its emission flux is much smaller than the deposition flux of bromide.
Rebecca M. Garland, Katye E. Altieri, Laura Dawidowski, Laura Gallardo, Aderiana Mbandi, Nestor Y. Rojas, and N'datchoh E. Touré
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5757–5764, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion piece focuses on two geographical areas in the Global South where the authors are based that are underrepresented in atmospheric science. This opinion provides context on common challenges and constraints, with suggestions on how the community can address these. The focus is on the strengths of atmospheric science research in these regions. It is these strengths, we believe, that highlight the critical role of Global South researchers in the future of atmospheric science research.
Patrick Dewald, Tobias Seubert, Simone T. Andersen, Gunther N. T. E. Türk, Jan Schuladen, Max R. McGillen, Cyrielle Denjean, Jean-Claude Etienne, Olivier Garrouste, Marina Jamar, Sergio Harb, Manuela Cirtog, Vincent Michoud, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Christopher Cantrell, Sebastien Dusanter, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Alexandre Kukui, Chaoyang Xue, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Jos Lelieveld, and John N. Crowley
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1223, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1223, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In scope of a field campaign in a suburban forest near Paris in the summer of 2022, we measured the reactivity of the nitrate radical (NO3) towards biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs, e.g. monoterpenes) mainly below, but also above the canopy. NO3 reactivity was highest during nights with strong temperature inversions and decreased strongly with height. Reactions with BVOCs were the main removal process of NO3 throughout the diel cycle below the canopy.
Heidi Hellén, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Kaisa Kraft, Jukka Seppälä, Mika Vestenius, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lauri Laakso, and Hannele Hakola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4717–4731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mixing ratios of C2-C5 NMHCs and methanethiol were measured on an island in the Baltic Sea using an in situ gas chromatograph. Shipping emissions were found to be an important source of ethene, ethyne, propene, and benzene. High summertime mixing ratios of methanethiol and dependence of mixing ratios on seawater temperature and height indicated the biogenic origin to possibly be phytoplankton or macroalgae. These emissions may have a strong impact on SO2 production and new particle formation.
Eleanor J. Derry, Tyler Elgiar, Taylor Y. Wilmot, Nicholas W. Hoch, Noah S. Hirshorn, Peter Weiss-Penzias, Christopher F. Lee, John C. Lin, A. Gannet Hallar, Rainer Volkamer, Seth N. Lyman, and Lynne E. Gratz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1046, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1046, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury (Hg) is a globally-distributed neurotoxic pollutant. Atmospheric deposition is the main source of Hg to ecosystems. However, measurement biases hinder understanding of the origins and abundance of the more bioavailable oxidized form. We used an improved, calibrated measurement system to study air mass composition and transport of atmospheric Hg at a remote mountaintop site in the central U.S. Oxidized Hg originated upwind in the low to mid-free troposphere under clean, dry conditions.
Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Jeff Peischl, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Henry J. Bowman, Kenneth Aikin, Colin Harkins, Qindan Zhu, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Jian He, Meng Li, Karl Seltzer, Brian McDonald, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4289–4304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4289-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4289-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Residential and commercial cooking emits pollutants that degrade air quality. Here, ambient observations show that cooking is an important contributor to anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in Las Vegas, NV. These emissions are not fully presented in air quality models, and more work may be needed to quantify emissions from important sources, such as commercial restaurants.
Fabien Paulot, Gabrielle Pétron, Andrew M. Crotwell, and Matteo B. Bertagni
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4217–4229, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4217-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4217-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
New data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration show that hydrogen (H2) concentrations increased from 2010 to 2019, which is consistent with the simulated increase in H2 photochemical production (mainly from methane). But this cannot be reconciled with the expected decrease (increase) in H2 anthropogenic emissions (soil deposition) in the same period. This shows gaps in our knowledge of the H2 biogeochemical cycle that must be resolved to quantify the impact of higher H2 usage.
Wenjie Wang, Bin Yuan, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Jipeng Qi, Sihang Wang, Wei Song, Xinming Wang, Chaoyang Xue, Chaoqun Ma, Fengxia Bao, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4017–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the important role of unmeasured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation. Based on results in a megacity of China, we show that unmeasured VOCs can contribute significantly to ozone fomation and also influence the determination of ozone control strategy. Our results show that these unmeasured VOCs are mainly from human sources.
Benjamin A. Nault, Katherine R. Travis, James H. Crawford, Donald R. Blake, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Ronald C. Cohen, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Samuel R. Hall, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Kyung-Eun Kim, Young R. Lee, Isobel J. Simpson, Kirk Ullmann, and Armin Wisthaler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-596, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-596, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) is a pollutant formed from the reactions of gases emitted from various sources. In urban areas, the density of human activities can increase the O3 formation rate (P(O3)); thus, impact air quality and health. Observations collected over Seoul, South Korea, are used to constrain P(O3). A high local P(O3) was found; however, local P(O3) was partly reduced due to compounds typically ignored. These observations also provide constraints for unmeasured compounds that will impact P(O3).
Romain Salignat, Matti Rissanen, Siddharth Iyer, Jean-Luc Baray, Pierre Tulet, Jean-Marc Metzger, Jérôme Brioude, Karine Sellegri, and Clémence Rose
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3785–3812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using mass spectrometry data collected at the Maïdo Observatory (2160 m a.s.l., Réunion), we provide the first detailed analysis of molecular cluster chemical composition specifically in the marine free troposphere. The abundance of the identified species is related both to in situ meteorological parameters and air mass history, which also provide insight into their origin. Our work makes an important contribution to documenting the chemistry and physics of the marine free troposphere.
Delaney B. Kilgour, Gordon A. Novak, Megan S. Claflin, Brian M. Lerner, and Timothy H. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3729–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3729-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3729-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments with seawater mimics suggest ozone deposition to the surface ocean can be a source of reactive carbon to the marine atmosphere. We conduct both field and laboratory measurements to assess abiotic VOC composition and yields from ozonolysis of real surface seawater. We show that C5–C11 aldehydes contribute to the observed VOC emission flux. We estimate that VOCs generated by the ozonolysis of surface seawater are competitive with biological VOC production and emission.
Xiangdong Zheng, Wen Yang, Yuting Sun, Chunmei Geng, Yingying Liu, and Xiaobin Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3759–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3759-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3759-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Chen et al. (2022) attributed the nocturnal ozone enhancement (NOE) during the night of 31 July 2021 in the North China Plain (NCP) to "the direct stratospheric intrusion to reach the surface". We analyzed in situ data from the NCP. Our results do not suggest that there was a significant impact from the stratosphere on surface ozone during the NOE. We argue that the NOE was not caused by stratospheric intrusion but originated from fresh photochemical production in the lower troposphere.
James M. Roberts, Siyuan Wang, Patrick R. Veres, J. Andrew Neuman, Michael A. Robinson, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea R. Thompson, Hannah M. Allen, John D. Crounse, Paul O. Wennberg, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Simone Meinardi, Isobel J. Simpson, and Donald Blake
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3421–3443, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3421-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3421-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the troposphere for the first time. BrCN is a product of the same active bromine chemistry that destroys ozone and removes mercury in polar surface environments and is a previously unrecognized sink for active Br compounds. BrCN has an apparent lifetime against heterogeneous loss in the range 1–10 d, so it serves as a cumulative marker of Br-radical chemistry. Accounting for BrCN chemistry is an important part of understanding polar Br cycling.
Kai Qin, Wei Hu, Qin He, Fan Lu, and Jason Blake Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3009–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3009-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3009-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We compute CH4 emissions and uncertainty on a mine-by-mine basis, including underground, overground, and abandoned mines. Mine-by-mine gas and flux data and 30 min observations from a flux tower located next to a mine shaft are integrated. The observed variability and bias correction are propagated over the emissions dataset, demonstrating that daily observations may not cover the range of variability. Comparisons show both an emissions magnitude and spatial mismatch with current inventories.
Fan Zhang, Binyu Xiao, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Chongguo Tian, Rui Li, Can Wu, Yali Lei, Si Zhang, Xinyi Wan, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-652, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-652, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mandatory use of low-sulfur fuel according to global sulfur limit regulation leads to large uncertainty on VOCs emission. Therefore, on-board test of VOCs from 9 typical cargo ships in China were carried out. Results showed that the switch of fuels from heavy fuel oil to diesel increased EFVOCs by 48% on average, enhancing both O3 and secondary organic aerosol formation potentials. This indicated the implementation of globally ultra-low-sulfur oil policy in the near future needs to be optimized.
Jian Wang, Lei Xue, Qianyao Ma, Feng Xu, Gaobin Xu, Shibo Yan, Jiawei Zhang, Jianlong Li, Honghai Zhang, Guiling Zhang, and Zhaohui Chen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2935, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the distribution and sources of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the lower atmosphere over the marginal seas of China. NMHCs, a subset of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry. Derived from systematic atmospheric sampling in coastal cities and marginal sea regions, this study offer valuable insights into the interaction between land and sea in shaping offshore atmospheric NMHCs.
Yao Yan Huang and D. James Donaldson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2387–2398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone interacts at the lake–land boundary; this is important to our understanding and modelling of atmospheric chemistry and air pollution in the lower atmosphere. We show that a steep ozone gradient occurs year-round moving inland up to 1 km from the lake and that this gradient is influenced by seasonal factors on the local land environment, where more rural areas are more greatly affected seasonally.
Arpit Awasthi, Baerbel Sinha, Haseeb Hakkim, Sachin Mishra, Varkrishna Mummidivarapu, Gurmanjot Singh, Sachin D. Ghude, Vijay Kumar Soni, Narendra Nigam, Vinayak Sinha, and Madhavan N. Rajeevan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-501, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-501, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study uses a data set of 111 VOCs from a PTR-ToF-MS 10k, PM10 and PM2.5 in a PMF source-receptor model to resolve 11 pollution sources validated with chemical fingerprints collected at the source. Crop residue burning and heating contribute ~50 % of the PM, while traffic and industrial emissions dominate the gas-phase VOCs burden and SOA formation potential (>60 %). Non-tailpipe emissions from CNG powered commercial vehicles dominate the transport sector contribution to the PM burden.
Katrin Müller, Jordis S. Tradowsky, Peter von der Gathen, Christoph Ritter, Sharon Patris, Justus Notholt, and Markus Rex
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2169–2193, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Palau Atmospheric Observatory is introduced as an ideal site to detect changes in atmospheric composition and dynamics above the remote tropical western Pacific. We focus on the ozone sounding program from 2016–2021, including El Niño 2016. The year-round high convective activity is reflected in dominant low tropospheric ozone and high relative humidity. Their seasonal distributions are unique compared to other tropical sites and are modulated by the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Ziyan Guo, Keding Lu, Pengxiang Qiu, Mingyi Xu, and Zhaobing Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2195–2205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2195-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2195-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of secondary sulfate needs to be further explored. In this work, we simultaneously measured sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions to gain an increased understanding of specific sulfate formation processes. The results indicated that secondary sulfate was mainly ascribed to SO2 homogeneous oxidation by OH radicals and heterogeneous oxidation by H2O2 and Fe3+ / O2. This study is favourable for deeply investigating the sulfur cycle in the atmosphere.
Imran A. Girach, Narendra Ojha, Prabha R. Nair, Kandula V. Subrahmanyam, Neelakantan Koushik, Mohammed M. Nazeer, Nadimpally Kiran Kumar, Surendran Nair Suresh Babu, Jos Lelieveld, and Andrea Pozzer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1979–1995, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1979-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1979-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate surface ozone variability in East Antarctica based on measurements and EMAC global model simulations during austral summer. Nearly half of the surface ozone is found to be of stratospheric origin. The east coast of Antarctica acts as a stronger sink of ozone than surrounding regions. Photochemical loss of ozone is counterbalanced by downward transport of ozone. The study highlights the intertwined role of chemistry and dynamics in governing ozone variations over East Antarctica.
Ying Zhang, Duzitian Li, Xu-Cheng He, Wei Nie, Chenjuan Deng, Runlong Cai, Yuliang Liu, Yishuo Guo, Chong Liu, Yiran Li, Liangduo Chen, Yuanyuan Li, Chenjie Hua, Tingyu Liu, Zongcheng Wang, Jiali Xie, Lei Wang, Tuukka Petäjä, Federico Bianchi, Ximeng Qi, Xuguang Chi, Pauli Paasonen, Yongchun Liu, Chao Yan, Jingkun Jiang, Aijun Ding, and Markku Kulmala
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1873–1893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1873-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1873-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducts a long-term observation of gaseous iodine oxoacids in two Chinese megacities, revealing their ubiquitous presence with peak concentrations (up to 0.1 pptv) in summer. Our analysis suggests a mix of terrestrial and marine sources for iodine. Additionally, iodic acid is identified as a notable contributor to sub-3 nm particle growth and particle survival probability.
Xinyuan Zhang, Lingling Wang, Nan Wang, Shuangliang Ma, Shenbo Wang, Ruiqin Zhang, Dong Zhang, Mingkai Wang, and Hongyu Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2913, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2913, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Online observational data on particulate matter composition, gaseous pollutants, and meteorological conditions from ten sites in China before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed to investigate the variation in NH3 concentrations and particle pH and explore the promoting effect of increased pH values on HONO formation. This is the first study to discuss the reasons for the increase in AOC during the pandemic from the perspective of the influence of NH3 on HONO.
Guoxian Zhang, Renzhi Hu, Pinhua Xie, Changjin Hu, Xiaoyan Liu, Liujun Zhong, Haotian Cai, Bo Zhu, Shiyong Xia, Xiaofeng Huang, Xin Li, and Wenqing Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1825–1839, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1825-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1825-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Comprehensive observation of HOx radicals was conducted at a coastal site in the Pearl River Delta. Radical chemistry was influenced by different air masses in a time-dependent way. Land mass promotes a more active photochemical process, with daily averages of 7.1 × 106 and 5.2 × 108 cm−3 for OH and HO2 respectively. The rapid oxidation process was accompanied by a higher diurnal HONO concentration, which influences the ozone-sensitive system and eventually magnifies the background ozone.
Sarah Albertin, Joël Savarino, Slimane Bekki, Albane Barbero, Roberto Grilli, Quentin Fournier, Irène Ventrillard, Nicolas Caillon, and Kathy Law
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1361–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1361-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports the first simultaneous records of oxygen (Δ17O) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrate (NO3−). These data are combined with atmospheric observations to explore sub-daily N reactive chemistry and quantify N fractionation effects in an Alpine winter city. The results highlight the necessity of using Δ17O and δ15N in both NO2 and NO3− to avoid biased estimations of NOx sources and fates from NO3− isotopic records in urban winter environments.
Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Hiroaki Kondo, Kentaro Ishijima, Nobuyuki Aoki, Hidekazu Matsueda, and Kazuyuki Saito
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1059–1077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A method evaluating techniques for carbon neutrality, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), is important. This study presents a method to evaluate CO2 emissions from a cement plant based on atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements. The method will also be useful for evaluating CO2 capture from flue gas at CCS plants, since the plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere without causing any O2 changes, just as cement plants do, differing only in the direction of CO2 exchange with the atmosphere.
Magdalena Pühl, Anke Roiger, Alina Fiehn, Alan M. Gorchov Negron, Eric A. Kort, Stefan Schwietzke, Ignacio Pisso, Amy Foulds, James Lee, James L. France, Anna E. Jones, Dave Lowry, Rebecca E. Fisher, Langwen Huang, Jacob Shaw, Prudence Bateson, Stephen Andrews, Stuart Young, Pamela Dominutti, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Alexandra Weiss, and Grant Allen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1005–1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In April–May 2019 we carried out an airborne field campaign in the southern North Sea with the aim of studying methane emissions of offshore gas installations. We determined methane emissions from elevated methane measured downstream of the sampled installations. We compare our measured methane emissions with estimated methane emissions from national and global annual inventories. As a result, we find inconsistencies of inventories and large discrepancies between measurements and inventories.
Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Matthew M. Coggon, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Hannah Allen, Eric C. Apel, Megan M. Bela, Donald R. Blake, Ilann Bourgeois, Steven S. Brown, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jason M. St. Clair, James H. Crawford, John D. Crounse, Douglas A. Day, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Alan Fried, Jessica B. Gilman, Hongyu Guo, Johnathan W. Hair, Hannah S. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem Hannun, Alan Hills, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Joseph M. Katich, Aaron Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jin Liao, Jakob Lindaas, Stuart A. McKeen, Tomas Mikoviny, Benjamin A. Nault, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Demetrios Pagonis, Jeff Peischl, Anne E. Perring, Felix Piel, Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins, Thomas B. Ryerson, Melinda K. Schueneman, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Joshua P. Schwarz, Kanako Sekimoto, Vanessa Selimovic, Taylor Shingler, David J. Tanner, Laura Tomsche, Krystal T. Vasquez, Patrick R. Veres, Rebecca Washenfelder, Petter Weibring, Paul O. Wennberg, Armin Wisthaler, Glenn M. Wolfe, Caroline C. Womack, Lu Xu, Katherine Ball, Robert J. Yokelson, and Carsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 929–956, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports emissions of gases and particles from wildfires. These emissions are related to chemical proxies that can be measured by satellite and incorporated into models to improve predictions of wildfire impacts on air quality and climate.
Jie Wang, Haichao Wang, Yee Jun Tham, Lili Ming, Zelong Zheng, Guizhen Fang, Cuizhi Sun, Zhenhao Ling, Jun Zhao, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 977–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-977-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-977-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many works report NO3 chemistry in inland regions while less target marine regions. We measured N2O5 and related species on a typical island and found intensive nighttime chemistry and rapid NO3 loss. NO contributed significantly to NO3 loss despite its sub-ppbv level, suggesting nocturnal NO3 reactions would be largely enhanced once free from NO emissions in the open ocean. This highlights the strong influences of urban outflow on downward marine areas in terms of nighttime chemistry.
Jun Zhou, Chunsheng Zhang, Aiming Liu, Bin Yuan, Yan Wang, Wenjie Wang, Jie-Ping Zhou, Yixin Hao, Xiao-Bing Li, Xianjun He, Xin Song, Yubin Chen, Suxia Yang, Shuchun Yang, Yanfeng Wu, Bin Jiang, Shan Huang, Junwen Liu, Jipeng Qi, Minhui Deng, Yibo Huangfu, and Min Shao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2230, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2230, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In-depth understanding of near-ground vertical and temporal photochemical ozone (O3) formation is crucial for mitigating O3 pollution. By utilizing a self-built vertical observation system, a direct net photochemical O3 production rate detection system, and an observation-based model, we have diagnosed the vertical distributions and formation mechanism of net photochemical O3 production rates and sensitivity in Pearl River Delta region, one of the most O3 polluted area in China.
Tanja J. Schuck, Johannes Degen, Eric Hintsa, Peter Hoor, Markus Jesswein, Timo Keber, Daniel Kunkel, Fred Moore, Florian Obersteiner, Matt Rigby, Thomas Wagenhäuser, Luke M. Western, Andreas Zahn, and Andreas Engel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 689–705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the interhemispheric gradient of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a strong long-lived greenhouse gas. Its emissions are stronger in the Northern Hemisphere; therefore, mixing ratios in the Southern Hemisphere lag behind. Comparing the observations to a box model, the model predicts air in the Southern Hemisphere to be older. For a better agreement, the emissions used as model input need to be increased (and their spatial pattern changed), and we need to modify north–south transport.
Jérémy Gueffier, François Gheusi, Marie Lothon, Véronique Pont, Alban Philibert, Fabienne Lohou, Solène Derrien, Yannick Bezombes, Gilles Athier, Yves Meyerfeld, Antoine Vial, and Emmanuel Leclerc
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 287–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-287-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-287-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the link between weather regime and atmospheric composition at a Pyrenean observatory. Five years of meteorological data were synchronized on a daily basis and then, using a clustering method, separated into six groups of observation days, with most showing marked characteristics of different weather regimes (fair and disturbed weather, winter windstorms, foehn). Statistical differences in gas and particle concentrations appeared between the groups and are discussed.
Yusheng Zhang, Feixue Zheng, Zemin Feng, Chaofan Lian, Weigang Wang, Xiaolong Fan, Wei Ma, Zhuohui Lin, Chang Li, Gen Zhang, Chao Yan, Ying Zhang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Federico Bianch, Tuukka Petäjä, Juha Kangasluoma, Markku Kulmala, and Yongchun Liu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3139, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3139, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, HONO budget has been validated during COVID-19 lockdown event. Main conclusions are as follows: 1. HONO concentrations show a significant decrease from 0.97 to 0.53ppb during lockdown. 2. Vehicle emissions accounted for 53% of nighttime sources. The heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on ground surfaces important (31%) than aerosol (2%). 3. Daytime dominant source shifts from the homogenous reaction between NO and OH (51%) to photolysis of nitrate photolysis (53%) during the lockdown.
Dong Zhang, Xiao Li, Minghao Yuan, Yifei Xu, Qixiang Xu, Fangcheng Su, Shenbo Wang, and Ruiqin Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2835, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, Zhengzhou's O3 pollution has increasingly intensified, becoming one of the cities with the highest O3 pollution in central China. During the observation period, ethane, acetone, and propane were always the most abundant species. Vehicular exhaust, solvent usage, and industrial production were the main emission sources of VOCs. According to the scenario analysis, the minimum reduction ratio of AVOCs/NOx should be no less than 3:1 to reduce O3 production.
Nathaniel Brockway, Peter K. Peterson, Katja Bigge, Kristian D. Hajny, Paul B. Shepson, Kerri A. Pratt, Jose D. Fuentes, Tim Starn, Robert Kaeser, Brian H. Stirm, and William R. Simpson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 23–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-23-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-23-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bromine monoxide (BrO) strongly affects atmospheric chemistry in the springtime Arctic, yet there are still many uncertainties around its sources and recycling, particularly in the context of a rapidly changing Arctic. In this study, we observed BrO as a function of altitude above the Alaskan Arctic. We found that BrO was often most concentrated near the ground, confirming the ability of snow to produce and recycle reactive bromine, and identified four common vertical distributions of BrO.
Alina Fiehn, Maximilian Eckl, Julian Kostinek, Michał Gałkowski, Christoph Gerbig, Michael Rothe, Thomas Röckmann, Malika Menoud, Hossein Maazallahi, Martina Schmidt, Piotr Korbeń, Jarosław Neçki, Mila Stanisavljević, Justyna Swolkień, Andreas Fix, and Anke Roiger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15749–15765, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During the CoMet mission in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) ground-based and airborne air samples were taken and analyzed for the isotopic composition of CH4 to derive the mean signature of the USCB and source signatures of individual coal mines. Using δ2H signatures, the biogenic emissions from the USCB account for 15 %–50 % of total emissions, which is underestimated in common emission inventories. This demonstrates the importance of δ2H-CH4 observations for methane source apportionment.
Yifei Song, Chaoyang Xue, Yuanyuan Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Fengxia Bao, Xuran Li, and Yujing Mu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15733–15747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15733-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present measurements of HONO flux and related parameters over an agricultural field during a whole growing season of summer maize. This dataset allows studies on the characteristics and influencing factors of soil HONO emissions, determination of HONO emission factors, estimation of total HONO emissions at a national scale, and the discussion on future environmental policies in terms of mitigating regional air pollution.
Can Ye, Keding Lu, Xuefei Ma, Wanyi Qiu, Shule Li, Xinping Yang, Chaoyang Xue, Tianyu Zhai, Yuhan Liu, Xuan Li, Yang Li, Haichao Wang, Zhaofeng Tan, Xiaorui Chen, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15455–15472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, combining comprehensive field measurements and a box model, we found NO2 conversion on the ground surface was the most important source for HONO production among the proposed heterogeneous and gas-phase HONO sources. In addition, HONO was found to evidently enhance O3 production and aggravate O3 pollution in summer in China. Our study improved our understanding of the relative importance of different HONO sources and the crucial role of HONO in O3 formation in polluted areas.
Yann Cohen, Didier Hauglustaine, Bastien Sauvage, Susanne Rohs, Patrick Konjari, Ulrich Bundke, Andreas Petzold, Valérie Thouret, Andreas Zahn, and Helmut Ziereis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14973–15009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14973-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14973-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) is a key region regarding the lower atmospheric composition. This study consists of a comprehensive evaluation of an up-to-date chemistry–climate model in this layer, using regular in situ measurements based on passenger aircraft. For this purpose, a specific software (Interpol-IAGOS) has been updated and made publicly available. The model reproduces the carbon monoxide peaks due to biomass burning over the continental tropics particularly well.
Yifan Jiang, Men Xia, Zhe Wang, Penggang Zheng, Yi Chen, and Tao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14813–14828, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14813-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14813-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the first estimate of high rates of formic acid (HCOOH) production from the photochemical aging of real ambient particles and demonstrates the potential importance of this pathway in the formation of HCOOH under ambient conditions. Incorporating this pathway significantly improved the performance of a widely used chemical model. Our solution irradiation experiments demonstrated the importance of nitrate photolysis in HCOOH production via the production of oxidants.
Xuelian Zhong, Hengqing Shen, Min Zhao, Ji Zhang, Yue Sun, Yuhong Liu, Yingnan Zhang, Ye Shan, Hongyong Li, Jiangshan Mu, Yu Yang, Yanqiu Nie, Jinghao Tang, Can Dong, Xinfeng Wang, Yujiao Zhu, Mingzhi Guo, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14761–14778, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) is vital for atmospheric oxidation. In research at Mount Lao, China, models revealed a significant unidentified marine HONO source. Overlooking this could skew our understanding of air quality and climate change. This finding emphasizes HONO’s importance in the coastal atmosphere, uncovering previously unnoticed interactions.
Steven Job Thomas, Toni Tykkä, Heidi Hellén, Federico Bianchi, and Arnaud P. Praplan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14627–14642, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14627-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14627-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study employed total ozone reactivity to demonstrate how emissions of Norway spruce readily react with ozone and could be a major ozone sink, particularly under stress. Additionally, this approach provided insight into the limitations of current analytical techniques that measure the compounds present or emitted into the atmosphere. The study shows how the technique used was not enough to measure all compounds emitted, and this could potentially underestimate various atmospheric processes.
Jinsol Kim, John B. Miller, Charles E. Miller, Scott J. Lehman, Sylvia E. Michel, Vineet Yadav, Nick E. Rollins, and William M. Berelson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14425–14436, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14425-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14425-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present the partitioning of CO2 signals from biogenic, petroleum and natural gas sources by combining CO, 13CO2 and 14CO2 measurements. Using measurements from flask air samples at three sites in the greater Los Angeles region, we find larger and positive contributions of biogenic signals in winter and smaller and negative contributions in summer. The largest contribution of natural gas combustion generally occurs in summer.
Robert Woodward-Massey, Roberto Sommariva, Lisa K. Whalley, Danny R. Cryer, Trevor Ingham, William J. Bloss, Stephen M. Ball, Sam Cox, James D. Lee, Chris P. Reed, Leigh R. Crilley, Louisa J. Kramer, Brian J. Bandy, Grant L. Forster, Claire E. Reeves, Paul S. Monks, and Dwayne E. Heard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14393–14424, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of OH, HO2 and RO2 radicals and also OH reactivity were made at a UK coastal site and compared to calculations from a constrained box model utilising the Master Chemical Mechanism. The model agreement displayed a strong dependence on the NO concentration. An experimental budget analysis for OH, HO2, RO2 and total ROx demonstrated significant imbalances between HO2 and RO2 production rates. Ozone production rates were calculated from measured radicals and compared to modelled values.
Leonard Kirago, Örjan Gustafsson, Samuel Mwaniki Gaita, Sophie L. Haslett, Michael J. Gatari, Maria Elena Popa, Thomas Röckmann, Christoph Zellweger, Martin Steinbacher, Jörg Klausen, Christian Félix, David Njiru, and August Andersson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14349–14357, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides ground-observational evidence that supports earlier suggestions that savanna fires are the main emitters and modulators of carbon monoxide gas in Africa. Using isotope-based techniques, the study has shown that about two-thirds of this gas is emitted from savanna fires, while for urban areas, in this case Nairobi, primary sources approach 100 %. The latter has implications for air quality policy, suggesting primary emissions such as traffic should be targeted.
Clara M. Nussbaumer, Bryan K. Place, Qindan Zhu, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Paul Wooldridge, Benjamin C. Schulze, Caleb Arata, Ryan Ward, Anthony Bucholtz, John H. Seinfeld, Allen H. Goldstein, and Ronald C. Cohen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13015–13028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13015-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13015-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
NOx is a precursor to hazardous tropospheric ozone and can be emitted from various anthropogenic sources. It is important to quantify NOx emissions in urban environments to improve the local air quality, which still remains a challenge, as sources are heterogeneous in space and time. In this study, we calculate NOx emissions over Los Angeles, based on aircraft measurements in June 2021, and compare them to a local emission inventory, which we find mostly overpredicts the measured values.
Cited articles
Atkinson, R. and Arey, J.: Atmospheric Degradation of Volatile Organic
Compounds, Chem. Rev., 103, 4605–4638, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0206420, 2003.
Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Hampson, R. F., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Rossi, M. J., and Troe, J.: Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume I – gas phase reactions of Ox, HOx, NOx and SOx species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1461–1738, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-1461-2004, 2004.
Baudic, A., Gros, V., Sauvage, S., Locoge, N., Sanchez, O., Sarda-Estève, R., Kalogridis, C., Petit, J.-E., Bonnaire, N., Baisnée, D., Favez, O., Albinet, A., Sciare, J., and Bonsang, B.: Seasonal variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Paris megacity (France), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11961–11989, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11961-2016, 2016.
Carter, W. P. L.: Development of Ozone Reactivity Scales for Volatile Organic
Compounds, J. Air Waste Manage., 44, 881–899,
https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161X.1994.10467290, 1994.
Carter, W. P. L.: Development of the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism, Atmos. Environ.,
44, 5324–5335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.026, 2010.
Chen, Y., Shen, H., Zhong, Q., Chen, H., Huang, T., Liu, J., Cheng, H., Zeng, E., Smith, K., and Tao, S.: Transition ofhousehold cookfuels in China from 2010 to 2012, Appl. Energy., 184, 800–809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.136, 2016.
Eckert, C., Xu, W., Xiong, W., Lynch, S., Ungerer, J., Tao, L., Gill, R., Maness, P.-C., and Yu, J.: Ethylene-forming enzyme and bioethylene production, Biotechnol. Biofuels, 7, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-33, 2014.
Elshorbany, Y. F., Kurtenbach, R., Wiesen, P., Lissi, E., Rubio, M., Villena, G., Gramsch, E., Rickard, A. R., Pilling, M. J., and Kleffmann, J.: Oxidation capacity of the city air of Santiago, Chile, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2257–2273, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2257-2009, 2009.
Fan, M., Zhang, Y., Lin, Y., Li, L., Xie, F., Hu, J., Mozaffar, A., and Cao,
F.: Source apportionments of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in
Nanjing, China during high ozone pollution season, Chemosphere, 263, 128025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128025, 2021.
Fu, S., Guo, M., Luo, J., Han, D., Chen, X., Jia, H., Jin, X., Liao, H.,
Wang, X., Fan, L., and Cheng, J.: Improving VOCs control strategies based on
source characteristics and chemical reactivity in a typical coastal city of
South China through measurement and emission inventory, Sci. Total Environ.,
744, 140825, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140825, 2020.
Gaimoz, C., Sauvage, S., Gros, V., Herrmann, F., Williams, J., Locoge, N., Perrussel, O., Bonsang, B., d'Argouges, O., SardaEsteve, R., and Sciare, J.: Volatile organic compounds sources in Paris in spring 2007. Part II: source apportionment using positive matrix factorisation, Environ. Chem., 8, 91–103, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN10067, 2011.
Liu, Y., Shao, M., Fu, L., Lu, S., Zeng, L., and Tang, D.: Source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in China: Part I, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6247–6260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.070, 2008.
Gao, J., Zhang, J., Li, H., Li, L., Xu, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, X.,
Zhang, W., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., Zhang, H., Peng, L., Chai, F., and Wei, Y.:
Comparative study of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using
observed mixing ratios and initial mixing ratios taking chemical loss into
account – A case study in a typical urban area in Beijing, Sci. Total
Environ., 628–629, 791–804, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.175, 2018.
Geyer, A., Alicke, B., Konrad, S., Schmitz, T., Stutz, J., and Platt, U.:
Chemistry and oxidation capacity of the nitrate radical in the continental
boundary layer near Berlin, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 8013–8025,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900681, 2001.
Gu, X., Yin, S., Lu, X., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Bai, L., Wang, C., Zhang, R.,
and Yuan, M.: Recent development of a refined multiple air pollutant
emission inventory of vehicles in the Central Plains of China, J. Environ.
Sci., 84, 80–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.010, 2019.
Gu, Y., Li, Q., Wei, D., Gao, L., Tan, L., Su, G., Liu, G., Liu, W., Li, C.,
and Wang, Q.: Emission characteristics of 99 NMVOCs in different seasonal
days and the relationship with air quality parameters in Beijing, China,
Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 169, 797–806, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.091,
2019.
Gu, Y., Liu, B., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Bi, X., Wu, J., Song, C., Dai, Q., Han,
Y., Ren, G., and Feng, Y.: Multi-scale volatile organic compound (VOC)
source apportionment in Tianjin, China, using a receptor model coupled with
1-hr resolution data, Environ. Pollut., 265, 115023,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115023, 2020.
Guo, H., Cheng, H., Ling, Z., Louie, P., and Ayoko, G.: Which emission
sources are responsible for the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere
of Pearl River Delta, J. Hazard. Mater., 188, 116–124,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.081, 2011.
Hsu, C., Chiang, H., Shie, R., Ku, C., Lin, T., Chen, M., Chen, N., and
Chen, Y.: Ambient VOCs in residential areas near a large-scale petrochemical
complex: Spatiotemporal variation, source apportionment and health risk,
Environ. Pollut., 240, 95–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.076, 2018.
Huang, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Ou, Y., Chen, D., Pei, C., Huang, Z., Zhang,
Z., Liu, T., and Luo, S.: Evaluating the effectiveness of multiple emission
control measures on reducing volatile organic compounds in ambient air based
on observational data: A case study during the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games,
Sci. Total Environ., 723, 138171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138171, 2020.
Huang, Y. and Hsieh, C.: Ambient volatile organic compound presence in the
highly urbanized city: source apportionment and emission position, Atmos.
Environ., 206, 45–59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.046, 2019.
Hui, L., Liu, X., Tan, Q., Feng, M., An, J., Qu, Y., Zhang, Y., and Jiang,
M.: Characteristics, source apportionment and contribution of VOCs to ozone
formation in Wuhan, Central China, Atmos. Environ., 192, 55–71,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.08.042, 2018.
Hui, L., Liu, X., Tan, Q., Feng, M., An, J., Qu, Y., Zhang, Y., and Cheng, N.: VOC characteristics, sources and contributions to SOA formation during haze events in Wuhan, Central China, Sci. Total Environ., 650, 2624–2639, 2019.
Hui, L., Liu, X., Tan, Q., Feng, M., An, J., Qu, Y., Zhang, Y., Deng, Y.,
Zhai, R., and Wang, Z.: VOC characteristics, chemical reactivity and sources
in urban Wuhan, central China, Atmos. Environ., 224, 117340,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117340, 2020.
Hui, L., Ma, T., Gao, Z., Gao, J., Wang, Z., Xue, L., Liu, H., and Liu, J.:
Characteristics and sources of volatile organic compounds during high ozone
episodes: A case study at a site in the eastern Guanzhong Plain, China,
Chemosphere., 265, 129072, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129072, 2021.
Jiang, N., Duan, S., Yu, X., Zhang, R., and Wang, K.: Comparative major
components and health risks of toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons of PM2.5 in winter and summer in Zhengzhou: Based on
three-year data, Atmos. Res., 213, 173–184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.06.008, 2018.
Jin, B., Zhu, R., Mei, H., Wang, M., Zu, L., Yu, S., Zhang, R., Li, S., Bao, X.: Volatile organic compounds from a mixed fleet with numerous E10-fuelled vehicles in a tunnel study in China: Emission characteristics, ozone formation and secondary organic aerosol formation, Environ. Res., 200, 111463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111463, 2021.
Kumar, A., Hakkim, H., Sinha, B., Sinha, V.: Gridded 1 km × 1 km emission inventory for paddy stubble burning emissions over north-west India constrained by measured emission factors of 77 VOCs and district-wise crop yield data, Sci. Total Environ., 789, 148064, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148064, 2021.
Li, B., Ho, S. S. H., Gong, S., Ni, J., Li, H., Han, L., Yang, Y., Qi, Y., and Zhao, D.: Characterization of VOCs and their related atmospheric processes in a central Chinese city during severe ozone pollution periods, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 617–638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-617-2019, 2019.
Li, K., Li, J., Tong, S., Wang, W., Huang, R.-J., and Ge, M.: Characteristics of wintertime VOCs in suburban and urban Beijing: concentrations, emission ratios, and festival effects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8021–8036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8021-2019, 2019.
Li, Q., Badia, A., Wang, T., Sarwar, G., Fu, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Fung,
J., Cuevas, C., Wang, S., Zhou, B., and Saiz-Lopez, A.: Potential effect of
halogens on atmospheric oxidation and air quality in China, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD032058, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032058, 2020a.
Li, Q., Su, G., Li, C., Liu, P., Zhao, X., Zhang, C., Sun, X., Mu, Y., Wu,
M., Wang, Q., and Sun, B.: An investigation into the role of VOCs in SOA and
ozone production in Beijing, China, Sci. Total. Environ., 720, 137536,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137536, 2020b.
Li, Y., Yin, S., Yu, S., Yuan, M., Dong, Z., Zhang, D., Yang, L., and Zhang,
R.: Characteristics, source apportionment and health risks of ambient VOCs
during high ozone period at an urban site in central plain, China,
Chemosphere, 25, 126283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126283, 2020.
Liebmann, J. M., Muller, J. B. A., Kubistin, D., Claude, A., Holla, R., Plass-Dülmer, C., Lelieveld, J., and Crowley, J. N.: Direct measurements of NO3 reactivity in and above the boundary layer of a mountaintop site: identification of reactive trace gases and comparison with OH reactivity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12045–12059, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12045-2018, 2018.
Liu, B., Liang, D., Yang, J., Dai, Q., Bi, X., Feng, Y., Yuan, J., Xiao, Z.,
Zhang, Y., and Xu, H.: Characterization and source apportionment of volatile
organic compounds based on 1-year of observational data in Tianjin, China,
Environ. Pollut., 218, 757–769, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.072, 2016.
Liu, Y., Shao, M., Fu, L., Lu, S., Zeng, L., and Tang, D.: Source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in China: Part I, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6247–6260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.070, 2008.
Liu, Y., Song, M., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Hui, L., Kong, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang,
C., Qu, Y., An, J., Ma, D., Tan, Q., and Feng, M.: Characterization and
sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their related changes
during ozone pollution days in 2016 in Beijing, China, Environ. Pollut.,
257, 113599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113599, 2019a.
Liu, Y., Wang, H., Jing, S., Gao, Y., Peng, Y., Lou, S., Cheng, T., Tao, S.,
Li, L., Li, Y., Huang, D., Wang, Q., and An, J.: Characteristics and sources
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shanghai during summer: Implications
of regional transport, Atmos. Environ., 215, 116902,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116902, 2019b.
Lou, S., Holland, F., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C., Fuchs, H., Häseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., and Hofzumahaus, A.: Atmospheric OH reactivities in the Pearl River Delta – China in summer 2006: measurement and model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11243–11260, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11243-2010, 2010.
Lu, K. D., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Fuchs, H., Hu, M., Häseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S. R., Oebel, A., Shao, M., Zeng, L. M., Wahner, A., Zhu, T., Zhang, Y. H., and Rohrer, F.: Missing OH source in a suburban environment near Beijing: observed and modelled OH and HO2 concentrations in summer 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1057–1080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1057-2013, 2013.
Maji, S., Beig, G., and Yadav, R.: Winter VOCs and OVOCs measured with
PTR-MS at an urban site of India: Role of emissions, meteorology and
photochemical sources, Environ. Pollut., 258, 113651,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113651, 2020.
Mao, J., Ren, X., Chen, S., Brune, W., Chen, Z., Martinez, M., Harder, H.,
Lefer, B., Rappengluck, B., Flynn, J., and Leuchner, M.: Atmospheric
oxidation capacity in the summer of Houston 2006: comparison with summer
measurements in other metropolitan studies, Atmos. Environ., 44, 4107–4115,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.013, 2010.
McCarthy, M., Aklilu, Y., Brown, S., and Lyder, D.: Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured in Edmonton, Alberta, Atmos. Environ., 81, 504–516, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.016, 2013.
Mo, Z., Shao, M., Lu, S., Niu, H., Zhou, M., and Sun, J.: Characterization
of non-methane hydrocarbons and their sources in an industrialized coastal
city, Yangtze River Delta, China, Sci. Total. Environ., 593–594, 641–653,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.123, 2017.
Norris, G., Duvall, R., Brown, S., and Bai, S.: EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 Fundamentals and User Guide, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-14/108 (NTIS PB2015-105147), 2014.
Prinn, R.: The cleansing capacity of the atmosphere, Annu. Rev. Env. Resour., 28, 29–57, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.011503.163425, 2003.
Ren, X., Brune, W., Mao, J., Mitchell, M., Lesher, R., Simpas, J., Metcalf,
A., Schwab, J., Cai, C., and Li, Y.: Behavior of OH and HO2 in the
winter atmosphere in New York City, Atmos. Environ., 40, 252–263,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.073, 2006.
Ren, Y., Ma, S., Wang, W., Yu, S., Li, Y., Zhang, R., and Yin, S.: Ambient
VOCs characteristics, ozone formation potential, and source apportionment of
air pollution in spring in Zhengzhou, Environ. Sci., 41, 2577–2585,
https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201911081, 2020 (in Chinese).
Sadeghi, B., Pouyaei, A., Choi, Y., and Rappenglueck, B.: Influence of
seasonal variability on source characteristics of VOCs at Houston industrial
area, Atmos. Environ., 277, 119077, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119077, 2022.
Shao, P., An, J., Xin, J., Wu, F., Wang, J., Ji, D., and Wang, Y.: Source apportionment of VOCs and the contribution to photochemical ozone formation during summer in the typical industrial area in the Yangtze River Delta, China, Atmos. Res., 176–177, 64–74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.015, 2016.
Shen, L., Xiang, P., Liang, S., Chen, W., Wang, M., Lu, S., and Wang, Z.: Sources profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in a typical industrial process in Wuhan, Central China, Atmosphere, 9, 297, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080297, 2018.
Song, C., Liu, B., Dai, Q., Li, H., and Mao, H.: Temperature dependence and
source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an urban site
on the north China plain, Atmos. Environ., 207, 167–181,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.03.030, 2019.
Song, M., Tan, Q., Feng, M., Qu, Y., Liu, X., An, J., and Zhang, Y.: Source
apportionment and secondary transformation of atmospheric nonmethane
hydrocarbons in Chengdu, southwest China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123,
9741–9763, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028479, 2018.
Song, M., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Shao, M., Lu, K., Tan, Q., Feng, M., and Qu,
Y.: Sources and abatement mechanisms of VOCs in southern China, Atmos.
Environ., 201, 28–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.019, 2019.
Song, S., Shon, Z., Kang, Y., Kim, K., Han, S., Kang, M., Bang, J., and Oh,
I.: Source apportionment of VOCs and their impact on air quality and health
in the megacity of Seoul, Environ. Pollut, 247, 763–774, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.102, 2019.
Steiner, A. L., Cohen, R. C., Harley, R. A., Tonse, S., Millet, D. B., Schade, G. W., and Goldstein, A. H.: VOC reactivity in central California: comparing an air quality model to ground-based measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 351–368, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-351-2008, 2008”.
Tan, Z., Lu, K., Jiang, M., Su, R., Wang, H., Lou, S., Fu, Q., Zhai, C., Tan, Q., Yue, D., Chen, D., Wang, Z., Xie, S., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Daytime atmospheric oxidation capacity in four Chinese megacities during the photochemically polluted season: a case study based on box model simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3493–3513, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3493-2019, 2019.
Tao, S., Ru, M., Du, W., Zhu, X., Zhong, Q., Li, B., Shen, G., Pan, X., Meng, W., Chen, Y., Shen, H., Lin, N., Su, S., Zhuo, S., Huang, T., Xu, Y., Yun, X., Liu, J., Wang, X., Liu, W., Cheng, H., and Zhu, D.: Quantifying the rural residential energy transition in China from 1992 to 2012 through a representative national survey, Nature Energy, 3, 567–573,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0158-4, 2018.
Tsai, S., Zhang, J., Smith, K., Ma, Y., Rasmussen, R., and Khalil, M.: Characterization of Non-methane Hydrocarbons Emitted from Various Cookstoves Used in China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2869–2877, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026232a, 2003.
Ulbrich, I. M., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Interpretation of organic components from Positive Matrix Factorization of aerosol mass spectrometric data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2891–2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2891-2009, 2009.
Uttamang, P., Campbell, P. C., Aneja, V. P., and Hanna, A. F.: A multi-scale model analysis of ozone formation in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand, Atmos. Environ., 229, 117433, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117433, 2020.
Wang, M., Lu, S., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Zheng, J., Xie, F., Lin, H., Hu, K.,
and Lu, X.: Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on ambient levels and sources of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Nanjing, China, Sci. Total Environ.,
757, 143823, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143823, 2021.
Wang, S., Yin, S., Zhang, R., Yang, L., Zhao, Q., Zhang, L., Yan, Q., Jiang,
N., and Tang, X.: Insight into the formation of secondary inorganic aerosol
based on high-time-resolution data during haze episodes and snowfall periods
in Zhengzhou, China, Sci. Total Environ., 660, 47–56,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.465, 2019.
Wang, Y., Zhu, S., Ma, J., Shen, J., Wang, P., Wang, P., and Zhang, H.:
Enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity and associated ozone increases
during COVID-19 lockdown in the Yangtze River Delta, Sci. Total Environ.,
768, 144796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144796, 2021.
Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Williams, E. J., Lerner, B. M., Jakoubek, R., Brown, S. S., Stark, H., Aldener, M., Ravishankara, A. R., Roberts, J. M., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S., Sueper, D. T., McKeen, S. A., Meagher, J. F., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Comparison of daytime and nighttime oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs along the New england coast in summer during New england air quality study 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D10309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004424, 2004.
Wu, F., Yu, Y., Sun, J., Zhang, J., Wang, J., Tang, G., and Wang, Y.:
Characteristics, source apportionment and reactivity of ambient volatile
organic compounds at Dinghu Mountain in Guangdong Province, China, Sci.
Total Environ., 548–549, 347–359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.069, 2016.
Xiong, Y. and Du, K.: Source-resolved attribution of ground-level ozone
formation potential from VOC emissions in Metropolitan Vancouver, BC, Sci.
Total Environ., 721, 137698, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137698, 2020.
Xu, Z., Huang, X., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xu, Z., Zheng, L., Sun, P., and Ding,
A.: Influence of synoptic condition and holiday effects on VOCs and ozone
production in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Environ., 168,
112–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.035, 2017.
Xue, L., Gu, R., Wang, T., Wang, X., Saunders, S., Blake, D., Louie, P. K. K., Luk, C. W. Y., Simpson, I., Xu, Z., Wang, Z., Gao, Y., Lee, S., Mellouki, A., and Wang, W.: Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9891–9903, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9891-2016, 2016.
Yadav, R., Sahu, L., Tripathi, N., Pal, D., Beig, G., and Jaaffrey, S.:
Investigation of emission characteristics of NMVOCs over urban site of
western India, Environ. Pollut., 252, 245–255, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.089, 2019.
Yan, D., Lei, Y., Shi, Y., Zhu, Q., Li, L., and Zhang, Z.: Evolution of the
spatiotemporal pattern of PM2.5 concentrations in China – A case study
from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Atmos. Environ., 183, 225–233,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.03.041, 2018.
Yan, Y., Peng, L., Li, R., Li, Y., Li, L., and Bai, H.: Concentration, ozone
formation potential and source analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
in a thermal power station centralized area: A study in Shuozhou, China,
Environ. Pollut., 223, 295–304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.026, 2017.
Yang, Y., Shao, M., Wang, X., Nölscher, A., Kessel, S., Guenther, A., and Williams, J.: Towards a quantitative understanding of total OH reactivity: A review, Atmos. Environ., 134, 147–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.010, 2016.
Yang, Y., Shao, M., Keßel, S., Li, Y., Lu, K., Lu, S., Williams, J., Zhang, Y., Zeng, L., Nölscher, A. C., Wu, Y., Wang, X., and Zheng, J.: How the OH reactivity affects the ozone production efficiency: case studies in Beijing and Heshan, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7127–7142, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7127-2017, 2017.
Yang, Y., Liu, X., Zheng, J., Tan, Q., Feng, M., Qu, Y., An, J., and Cheng,
N.: Characteristics of one-year observation of VOCs, NOx, and O3 at an urban site in Wuhan, China, J. Environ. Sci., 79, 297–310,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.12.002, 2019.
Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Yao, D., Zhao, S., Yang, S., Ji, D., Sun, J., Wang, Y.,
Liu, Z., Hu, B., Zhang, R., and Wang, Y.: Significant decreases in the
volatile organic compound concentration, atmospheric oxidation capacity and
photochemical reactivity during the National Day holiday over a suburban
site in the North China Plain, Environ. Pollut., 263, 114657,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114657, 2020a.
Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhou, P., Yao, D., Ji, D., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Zhao, S., Huang, W., Yang, S., Chen, D., Gao, W., Liu, Z., Hu, B., Zhang, R., Zeng, L., Ge, M., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., and Wang, Y.: Atmospheric reactivity and oxidation capacity during summer at a suburban site between Beijing and Tianjin, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8181–8200, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8181-2020, 2020b.
Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, W., Yao, D., Zhao, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Ji,
D., Zhang, R., and Wang, Y.: Parameterized atmospheric oxidation capacity
and speciated OH reactivity over a suburban site in the North China Plain: A
comparative study between summer and winter, Sci. Total Environ., 773,
145264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145264, 2021.
Yao, D., Tang, G., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, L., Chen, T., He, H., and Wang,
Y.: Significant contribution of spring northwest transport to volatile
organic compounds in Beijing, J. Environ. Sci., 104, 169–181,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.023, 2021.
Yu, S.: Zhengzhou dataset, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6815259, 2022.
Yuan, B., Shao, M., de Gouw, J., Parrish, D., Lu, S., Wang, M., Zeng, L.,
Zhang, Q., Song, Y., Zhang, J., and Hu, M.: Volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive
matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D24302,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018236, 2012.
Zhang, F., Shang, X., Chen, H., Xie, G., Fu, Y., Wu, D., Sun, W., Liu, P.,
Zhang, C., Mu, Y., Zeng, L., Wan, M., Wang, Y., Xiao, H., Wang, G., and
Chen, J.: Significant impact of coal combustion on VOCs emissions in winter
in a North China rural site, Sci. Total Environ., 720, 137617,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137617, 2020.
Zhang, G., Xu, H., Qi, B., Du, R., Gui, K., Wang, H., Jiang, W., Liang, L., and Xu, W.: Characterization of atmospheric trace gases and particulate matter in Hangzhou, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1705–1728, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1705-2018, 2018.
Zhang, X., Yin, Y., Wen, J., Huang, S., Han, D., Chen, X., and Cheng, J.:
Characteristics, reactivity and source apportionment of ambient volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in a typical tourist city, Atmos. Environ., 215,
116898, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116898, 2019.
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Lv, S., Shao, M., Lee, F., and Yu, J.: Species profiles and normalized reactivity of volatile organic compounds from gasoline evaporation in China, Atmos. Environ., 79, 110–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.029, 2013.
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Lu, S., Huang, Z., and Li, L.: Sources of
C2-C4 alkenes, the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon
precursors in the Pearl River Delta region, Sci. Total Environ., 502,
236–245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.024, 2015.
Zheng, H., Kong, S., Xing, X., Mao, Y., Hu, T., Ding, Y., Li, G., Liu, D., Li, S., and Qi, S.: Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil and gas station in northwest China for 1 year, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4567–4595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4567-2018, 2018.
Zheng, H., Kong, S., Yan, Y., Chen, N., Yao, L., Liu, X., Wu, F., Cheng, Y.,
Niu, Z., Zheng, S., Zeng, X., Yan, Q., Wu, J., Zheng, M., Liu, D., Zhao, D.,
and Qi, S.: Compositions, sources and health risks of ambient volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) at a petrochemical industrial park along the
Yangtze River, Sci. Total Environ., 703, 135505,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135505, 2020.
Zheng, H., Kong, S., Chen, N., Niu, Z., Zhang, Y., Jiang, S., Yan, Y., and
Qi, S.: Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds: Implications to
reactivity, ozone formation, and secondary organic aerosol potential, Atmos.
Res., 249, 105344, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105344, 2021.
Zhou, X., Li, Z., Zhang, T., Wang, F., Wang, F., Tao, Y., Zhang, X., Wang,
F., and Huang, J.: Volatile organic compounds in a typical petrochemical
industrialized valley city of northwest China based on high-resolution
PTR-MS measurements: Characterization, sources and chemical effects, Sci.
Total Environ., 671, 883–896, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.283, 2019.
Zhu, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Jing, S., Lou, S., Saiz-Lopez, A., and Zhou, B.: Observationally constrained modeling of atmospheric oxidation capacity and photochemical reactivity in Shanghai, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1217–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1217-2020, 2020.
Zou, Y., Deng, X. J., Zhu, D., Gong, D. C., Wang, H., Li, F., Tan, H. B., Deng, T., Mai, B. R., Liu, X. T., and Wang, B. G.: Characteristics of 1 year of observational data of VOCs, NOx and O3 at a suburban site in Guangzhou, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6625–6636, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6625-2015, 2015.
Short summary
In this study, the hourly data of 57 VOC species were collected during 2018–2020 at an urban site in Zhengzhou, China. The research of concentrations, source apportionment, and atmospheric environmental implications clearly elucidated the differences in major reactants observed in different seasons and years. Therefore, the control strategy should focus on key species and sources among interannual and seasonal variations. The results can provide references to develop control strategies.
In this study, the hourly data of 57 VOC species were collected during 2018–2020 at an urban...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint