Articles | Volume 22, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14455-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Nov 2022
Research article |
| 14 Nov 2022
| 14 Nov 2022
What caused ozone pollution during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown? Insights from ground and satellite observations
Yue Tan
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Cited
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluating the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on air quality across some African countries Z. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00111K
- A Synthetic Difference-in-Differences Approach to Assess the Impact of Shanghai’s 2022 Lockdown on Ozone Levels Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156997
- Changing ozone sensitivity in Fujian Province, China, during 2012–2021: Importance of controlling VOC emissions N. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124757
- Shipping nitrogen oxides recycling via isoprene nitrate amplifies forest ozone C. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02413-y
- Anthropogenic NO x emissions of China, the U.S. and Europe from 2019 to 2022 inferred from TROPOMI observations Y. Mao et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3cf9
- Why did ozone concentrations remain high during Shanghai's static management? A statistical and radical-chemistry perspective J. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8383-2024
- Research on ozone formation sensitivity based on observational methods: Development history, methodology, and application and prospects in China W. Chu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.052
- Air Quality Index (AQI) Did Not Improve during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Shanghai, China, in 2022, Based on Ground and TROPOMI Observations Q. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051295
- Particulate matter (PM) and ozone air quality in Urumqi of Northwest China: Seasonality, trends, and sources X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121150
- The different responses and their underlying mechanisms of the O3 concentrations during the Hangzhou Asian Games N. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2026.03.062
- Trends and drivers of anthropogenic NO emissions in China since 2020 H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2024.100425
- An Improved Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression for Surface Ozone Estimation From Satellite-Based Precursor Data X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3327881
- Compound hot and ozone extremes in urban China N. An et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101689
- Differences in ozone pollution and associated meteorological factors among the megacities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou during 2015–2022 W. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121950
- A quantitative analysis of causes for increasing ozone pollution in Shanghai during the 2022 lockdown and implications for control policy Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120469
- Different contributions of meteorological conditions and emission reductions to the ozone pollution during Shanghai’s COVID-19 lockdowns in winter and spring X. Dou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102252
- Observing network effect of shipping emissions from space: A natural experiment in the world’s busiest port S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad391
- Smart prediction and optimization of air quality index with artificial intelligence M. Mubeen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.02.041
- Ground ozone rise during the 2022 shanghai lockdown caused by the unfavorable emission reduction ratio of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120851
- Parameterized atmospheric oxidation capacity during summer at an urban site in Taiyuan and implications for O3 pollution control B. Shao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102181
- Meteorology-normalized ozone enhancement during the 2022 late-spring COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing Z. Liao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102812
- Estimation of Near-Surface Ozone Concentration Across China and Its Spatiotemporal Variations During the COVID-19 Pandemic S. Guan et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3468918
- Heatwave exacerbates air pollution in China through intertwined climate-energy-environment interactions T. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.018
- Dissecting Drivers of Ozone Pollution during the 2022 Multicity Lockdowns in China Sheds Light on Future Control Direction Y. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c01197
- Identify the key emission sources for mitigating ozone pollution: A case study of urban area in the Yangtze River Delta region, China X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164703
- Elucidating ozone and PM2.5 pollution in the Fenwei Plain reveals the co-benefits of controlling precursor gas emissions in winter haze C. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3595-2023
- Amplification of Surface Ozone by the Aerosol Direct Effect under COVID-19 Lockdown in Shanghai, China Z. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00130
- Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Ozone Pollution in Demonstration Zone of the Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030382
- From sensitivity regimes to policy action: Evaluating EKMA curve effectiveness with WRF-Chem, OBM, and machine learning X. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121689
- Divergent Ozone Predictions in China Under Carbon Neutrality: Why Chemical Mechanisms Disagree X. Weng et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c10697
- Estimating Hourly Nitrogen Oxide Emissions over East Asia from Geostationary Satellite Measurements T. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00467
- Uncertainties of biogenic VOC emissions caused by land cover data and implications on ozone mitigation strategies for the Yangtze river Delta region L. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120765
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluating the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on air quality across some African countries Z. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00111K
- A Synthetic Difference-in-Differences Approach to Assess the Impact of Shanghai’s 2022 Lockdown on Ozone Levels Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156997
- Changing ozone sensitivity in Fujian Province, China, during 2012–2021: Importance of controlling VOC emissions N. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124757
- Shipping nitrogen oxides recycling via isoprene nitrate amplifies forest ozone C. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02413-y
- Anthropogenic NO x emissions of China, the U.S. and Europe from 2019 to 2022 inferred from TROPOMI observations Y. Mao et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad3cf9
- Why did ozone concentrations remain high during Shanghai's static management? A statistical and radical-chemistry perspective J. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8383-2024
- Research on ozone formation sensitivity based on observational methods: Development history, methodology, and application and prospects in China W. Chu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.052
- Air Quality Index (AQI) Did Not Improve during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Shanghai, China, in 2022, Based on Ground and TROPOMI Observations Q. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051295
- Particulate matter (PM) and ozone air quality in Urumqi of Northwest China: Seasonality, trends, and sources X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121150
- The different responses and their underlying mechanisms of the O3 concentrations during the Hangzhou Asian Games N. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2026.03.062
- Trends and drivers of anthropogenic NO emissions in China since 2020 H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2024.100425
- An Improved Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression for Surface Ozone Estimation From Satellite-Based Precursor Data X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3327881
- Compound hot and ozone extremes in urban China N. An et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101689
- Differences in ozone pollution and associated meteorological factors among the megacities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou during 2015–2022 W. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121950
- A quantitative analysis of causes for increasing ozone pollution in Shanghai during the 2022 lockdown and implications for control policy Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120469
- Different contributions of meteorological conditions and emission reductions to the ozone pollution during Shanghai’s COVID-19 lockdowns in winter and spring X. Dou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102252
- Observing network effect of shipping emissions from space: A natural experiment in the world’s busiest port S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad391
- Smart prediction and optimization of air quality index with artificial intelligence M. Mubeen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.02.041
- Ground ozone rise during the 2022 shanghai lockdown caused by the unfavorable emission reduction ratio of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120851
- Parameterized atmospheric oxidation capacity during summer at an urban site in Taiyuan and implications for O3 pollution control B. Shao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102181
- Meteorology-normalized ozone enhancement during the 2022 late-spring COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing Z. Liao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2025.102812
- Estimation of Near-Surface Ozone Concentration Across China and Its Spatiotemporal Variations During the COVID-19 Pandemic S. Guan et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3468918
- Heatwave exacerbates air pollution in China through intertwined climate-energy-environment interactions T. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.018
- Dissecting Drivers of Ozone Pollution during the 2022 Multicity Lockdowns in China Sheds Light on Future Control Direction Y. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c01197
- Identify the key emission sources for mitigating ozone pollution: A case study of urban area in the Yangtze River Delta region, China X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164703
- Elucidating ozone and PM2.5 pollution in the Fenwei Plain reveals the co-benefits of controlling precursor gas emissions in winter haze C. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3595-2023
- Amplification of Surface Ozone by the Aerosol Direct Effect under COVID-19 Lockdown in Shanghai, China Z. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00130
- Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Ozone Pollution in Demonstration Zone of the Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030382
- From sensitivity regimes to policy action: Evaluating EKMA curve effectiveness with WRF-Chem, OBM, and machine learning X. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121689
- Divergent Ozone Predictions in China Under Carbon Neutrality: Why Chemical Mechanisms Disagree X. Weng et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c10697
- Estimating Hourly Nitrogen Oxide Emissions over East Asia from Geostationary Satellite Measurements T. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00467
- Uncertainties of biogenic VOC emissions caused by land cover data and implications on ozone mitigation strategies for the Yangtze river Delta region L. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120765
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
We present a timely analysis of the effects of the recent lockdown in Shanghai on ground-level ozone (O3). Despite a huge reduction in human activity, O3 concentrations frequently exceeded the O3 air quality standard during the 2-month lockdown, implying that future emission reductions similar to those that occurred during the lockdown will not be sufficient to eliminate O3 pollution in many urban areas without the imposition of additional VOC controls or substantial decreases in NOx emissions.
We present a timely analysis of the effects of the recent lockdown in Shanghai on ground-level...
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