Articles | Volume 21, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7791-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7791-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 May 2021
Research article |
| 21 May 2021
| 21 May 2021
Soot PCF: pore condensation and freezing framework for soot aggregates
Claudia Marcolli
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Atmospheric
and Climate Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Fabian Mahrt
Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main
Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Bernd Kärcher
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für
Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR Oberpfaffenhofen), 82234 Weßling, Germany
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30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ice-nucleating properties of glassy organic and organosulfate aerosol C. Rapp et al. 10.5194/acp-25-5519-2025
- Capillary Condensation: An Unaccounted Pathway for Rapid Aging of Atmospheric Soot A. Khalizov et al. 10.1021/acs.est.5c00633
- Aerosol–cloud interactions: the representation of heterogeneous ice activation in cloud models B. Kärcher & C. Marcolli 10.5194/acp-21-15213-2021
- Impacts of Simulated Contrail Processing and Organic Content Change on the Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles K. Gao & Z. Kanji 10.1029/2022GL099869
- Physicochemical properties of charcoal aerosols derived from biomass pyrolysis affect their ice-nucleating abilities at cirrus and mixed-phase cloud conditions F. Mahrt et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023
- Simulated contrail-processed aviation soot aerosols are poor ice-nucleating particles at cirrus temperatures B. Testa et al. 10.5194/acp-24-10409-2024
- An evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics and reactivity in soot derived from heavy fuel oil gasification processes X. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137238
- Opinion: Eliminating aircraft soot emissions U. Trivanovic & S. Pratsinis 10.5194/ar-2-207-2024
- Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Model Crystalline Porous Organic Polymers: Influence of Pore Size on Immersion Freezing L. Nandy et al. 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00071
- Enhanced soot particle ice nucleation ability induced by aggregate compaction and densification K. Gao et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4985-2022
- Exploring the uncertainties in the aviation soot–cirrus effect M. Righi et al. 10.5194/acp-21-17267-2021
- Soot aerosols from commercial aviation engines are poor ice-nucleating particles at cirrus cloud temperatures B. Testa et al. 10.5194/acp-24-4537-2024
- Deposition freezing, pore condensation freezing and adsorption: three processes, one description? M. Lbadaoui-Darvas et al. 10.5194/acp-23-10057-2023
- Opinion: Tropical cirrus – from micro-scale processes to climate-scale impacts B. Gasparini et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15413-2023
- Ice nucleation onto model nanoplastics in the cirrus cloud regime O. Girlanda et al. 10.1039/D4EA00132J
- Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and Gasification Reactivity of Soot From Entrained Flow Gasification Processes M. Gao et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4008085
- Jet aircraft lubrication oil droplets as contrail ice-forming particles J. Ponsonby et al. 10.5194/acp-24-2045-2024
- Aerosol Composition, Mixing State, and Phase State of Free Tropospheric Particles and Their Role in Ice Cloud Formation N. Lata et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00315
- Laboratory studies of ice nucleation onto bare and internally mixed soot–sulfuric acid particles K. Gao et al. 10.5194/acp-22-5331-2022
- High-throughput generation of aircraft-like soot U. Trivanovic et al. 10.1080/02786826.2022.2070055
- The dependence of soot particle ice nucleation ability on its volatile content K. Gao et al. 10.1039/D2EM00158F
- Uncertainties in mitigating aviation non-CO2 emissions for climate and air quality using hydrocarbon fuels D. Lee et al. 10.1039/D3EA00091E
- Impacts of Cloud‐Processing on Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles Internally Mixed With Sulfate and Organics K. Gao & Z. Kanji 10.1029/2022JD037146
- Oxidation dynamics of soot or carbon black accounting for its core-shell structure and pore network G. Kelesidis et al. 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118764
- Comparison of physicochemical properties and gasification reactivity of soot from entrained flow gasification processes M. Gao et al. 10.1016/j.cej.2022.136660
- Atmospheric ice nucleation D. Knopf & P. Alpert 10.1038/s42254-023-00570-7
- Comparing the ice nucleation properties of the kaolin minerals kaolinite and halloysite K. Klumpp et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1579-2023
- The Role of Mineral Dust Aerosol Particles in Aviation Soot‐Cirrus Interactions B. Kärcher et al. 10.1029/2022JD037881
- Process-oriented analysis of aircraft soot-cirrus interactions constrains the climate impact of aviation B. Kärcher et al. 10.1038/s43247-021-00175-x
- A Parameterization of Cirrus Cloud Formation: Revisiting Competing Ice Nucleation B. Kärcher 10.1029/2022JD036907
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ice-nucleating properties of glassy organic and organosulfate aerosol C. Rapp et al. 10.5194/acp-25-5519-2025
- Capillary Condensation: An Unaccounted Pathway for Rapid Aging of Atmospheric Soot A. Khalizov et al. 10.1021/acs.est.5c00633
- Aerosol–cloud interactions: the representation of heterogeneous ice activation in cloud models B. Kärcher & C. Marcolli 10.5194/acp-21-15213-2021
- Impacts of Simulated Contrail Processing and Organic Content Change on the Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles K. Gao & Z. Kanji 10.1029/2022GL099869
- Physicochemical properties of charcoal aerosols derived from biomass pyrolysis affect their ice-nucleating abilities at cirrus and mixed-phase cloud conditions F. Mahrt et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1285-2023
- Simulated contrail-processed aviation soot aerosols are poor ice-nucleating particles at cirrus temperatures B. Testa et al. 10.5194/acp-24-10409-2024
- An evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics and reactivity in soot derived from heavy fuel oil gasification processes X. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137238
- Opinion: Eliminating aircraft soot emissions U. Trivanovic & S. Pratsinis 10.5194/ar-2-207-2024
- Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Model Crystalline Porous Organic Polymers: Influence of Pore Size on Immersion Freezing L. Nandy et al. 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00071
- Enhanced soot particle ice nucleation ability induced by aggregate compaction and densification K. Gao et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4985-2022
- Exploring the uncertainties in the aviation soot–cirrus effect M. Righi et al. 10.5194/acp-21-17267-2021
- Soot aerosols from commercial aviation engines are poor ice-nucleating particles at cirrus cloud temperatures B. Testa et al. 10.5194/acp-24-4537-2024
- Deposition freezing, pore condensation freezing and adsorption: three processes, one description? M. Lbadaoui-Darvas et al. 10.5194/acp-23-10057-2023
- Opinion: Tropical cirrus – from micro-scale processes to climate-scale impacts B. Gasparini et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15413-2023
- Ice nucleation onto model nanoplastics in the cirrus cloud regime O. Girlanda et al. 10.1039/D4EA00132J
- Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and Gasification Reactivity of Soot From Entrained Flow Gasification Processes M. Gao et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4008085
- Jet aircraft lubrication oil droplets as contrail ice-forming particles J. Ponsonby et al. 10.5194/acp-24-2045-2024
- Aerosol Composition, Mixing State, and Phase State of Free Tropospheric Particles and Their Role in Ice Cloud Formation N. Lata et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00315
- Laboratory studies of ice nucleation onto bare and internally mixed soot–sulfuric acid particles K. Gao et al. 10.5194/acp-22-5331-2022
- High-throughput generation of aircraft-like soot U. Trivanovic et al. 10.1080/02786826.2022.2070055
- The dependence of soot particle ice nucleation ability on its volatile content K. Gao et al. 10.1039/D2EM00158F
- Uncertainties in mitigating aviation non-CO2 emissions for climate and air quality using hydrocarbon fuels D. Lee et al. 10.1039/D3EA00091E
- Impacts of Cloud‐Processing on Ice Nucleation of Soot Particles Internally Mixed With Sulfate and Organics K. Gao & Z. Kanji 10.1029/2022JD037146
- Oxidation dynamics of soot or carbon black accounting for its core-shell structure and pore network G. Kelesidis et al. 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118764
- Comparison of physicochemical properties and gasification reactivity of soot from entrained flow gasification processes M. Gao et al. 10.1016/j.cej.2022.136660
- Atmospheric ice nucleation D. Knopf & P. Alpert 10.1038/s42254-023-00570-7
- Comparing the ice nucleation properties of the kaolin minerals kaolinite and halloysite K. Klumpp et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1579-2023
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Role of Mineral Dust Aerosol Particles in Aviation Soot‐Cirrus Interactions B. Kärcher et al. 10.1029/2022JD037881
- Process-oriented analysis of aircraft soot-cirrus interactions constrains the climate impact of aviation B. Kärcher et al. 10.1038/s43247-021-00175-x
- A Parameterization of Cirrus Cloud Formation: Revisiting Competing Ice Nucleation B. Kärcher 10.1029/2022JD036907
Latest update: 08 Jul 2025
Short summary
Pores are aerosol particle features that trigger ice nucleation, as they take up water by capillary condensation below water saturation that freezes at low temperatures. The pore ice can then grow into macroscopic ice crystals making up cirrus clouds. Here, we investigate the pores in soot aggregates responsible for pore condensation and freezing (PCF). Moreover, we present a framework to parameterize soot PCF that is able to predict the ice nucleation activity based on soot properties.
Pores are aerosol particle features that trigger ice nucleation, as they take up water by...
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