Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4219-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4219-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
ACP Letters
| Highlight paper
| 
18 Mar 2021
ACP Letters | Highlight paper |
| 18 Mar 2021
| 18 Mar 2021
Interhemispheric transport of metallic ions within ionospheric sporadic E layers by the lower thermospheric meridional circulation
Bingkun Yu
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei, China
Anhui Mengcheng Geophysics National Observation and Research Station, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Hefei National Laboratory for the Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Christopher J. Scott
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
Jianfei Wu
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei, China
Anhui Mengcheng Geophysics National Observation and Research Station, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Xinan Yue
Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Wuhu Feng
School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
National Center for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Yutian Chi
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
Daniel R. Marsh
School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Hanli Liu
High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Xiankang Dou
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Hefei National Laboratory for the Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
John M. C. Plane
School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Cited
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ionospheric irregularity reconstruction using multisource data fusion via deep learning P. Tian et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13413-2023
- Sporadic E Layer with a Structure of Double Cusp in the Vertical Sounding Ionogram K. Yusupov & N. Bakhmetieva 10.3390/atmos12091093
- Research Advances of the Chinese Meridian Project in 2020–2021 C. WANG et al. 10.11728/cjss2022.04.yg04
- The Role of Neutral Wind Velocity and Its Vertical Component on Predictability of Formation and Localization of Sporadic E (Es) G. Didebulidze et al. 10.3390/atmos14061008
- Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2020–2022 Z. CHEN et al. 10.11728/cjss2022.04.yg20
- An Empirical Model of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer Based on GNSS Radio Occultation Data B. Yu et al. 10.1029/2022SW003113
- Opinion: Recent developments and future directions in studying the mesosphere and lower thermosphere J. Plane et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13255-2023
- Comparison of middle- and low-latitude sodium layer from a ground-based lidar network, the Odin satellite, and WACCM–Na model B. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-22-11485-2022
- Using radio occultation-based electron density profiles for studying sporadic E layer spatial and temporal characteristics H. Liu et al. 10.1186/s40623-024-02038-z
- Effects of planetary wave oscillation on E-sporadic (Es) layers during the rare Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming of 2019 P. Fontes et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.069
- Deriving Ionospheric Sporadic E Intensity From FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC and FY‐3C Radio Occultation Measurements T. Hu et al. 10.1029/2022SW003214
- The importance of electric field or/and neutral wind in formation and prediction of sporadic E (Es) at the equatorial and mid-latitude regions G. Didebulidze et al. 10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106540
- Occurrences of Regional Strong Es Irregularities and Corresponding Scintillations Characterized Using a High‐Temporal‐Resolution GNSS Network W. Sun et al. 10.1029/2021JA029460
- Advancing Ionospheric Irregularity Reconstruction With ICON/MIGHTI Wind‐Driven Insights P. Tian et al. 10.1029/2025GL115666
- Contribution of the Chinese Meridian Project to space environment research: Highlights and perspectives C. Wang et al. 10.1007/s11430-022-1043-3
- Sporadic E morphology based on COSMIC radio occultation data and its relationship with wind shear theory J. Luo et al. 10.1186/s40623-021-01550-w
- 国家重大科技基础设施子午工程在空间环境领域的亮点研究进展 赤. 王 et al. 10.1360/N072022-0137
- Interhemispheric transport of metallic ions within ionospheric sporadic E layers by the lower thermospheric meridional circulation B. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-21-4219-2021
- Global Sporadic‐E Occurrence Rate Climatology Using GPS Radio Occultation and Ionosonde Data T. Hodos et al. 10.1029/2022JA030795
- Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes Z. Liu et al. 10.3390/rs13224714
- Editorial: Observations and simulations of layering phenomena in the middle/upper atmosphere and ionosphere B. Yu et al. 10.3389/fspas.2023.1361434
- On the Role of E‐F Region Coupling in the Generation of Nighttime MSTIDs During Summer and Equinox: Case Studies Over Northern Germany M. Sivakandan et al. 10.1029/2021JA030159
- The Lower Thermospheric Winter‐To‐Summer Meridional Circulation: 2. Impact on Atomic Oxygen J. Wang et al. 10.1029/2023JA031684
- Self-consistent global transport of metallic ions with WACCM-X J. Wu et al. 10.5194/acp-21-15619-2021
- Estimation Model of Global Ionospheric Irregularities: An Artificial Intelligence Approach P. Tian et al. 10.1029/2022SW003160
- Dynamics of Mid‐Latitude Sporadic‐E and Its Impact on HF Propagation in the North American Sector B. Kunduri et al. 10.1029/2023JA031455
- A Statistical Analysis of Sporadic-E Characteristics Associated with GNSS Radio Occultation Phase and Amplitude Scintillations D. Emmons et al. 10.3390/atmos13122098
- Analysis and simulation of the relationship between Es layer and solar activity Y. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.064
- Physical mechanism for the temporary intensification of wintertime sporadic E layers in 2009 S. Andoh et al. 10.1186/s40623-024-01966-0
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ionospheric irregularity reconstruction using multisource data fusion via deep learning P. Tian et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13413-2023
- Sporadic E Layer with a Structure of Double Cusp in the Vertical Sounding Ionogram K. Yusupov & N. Bakhmetieva 10.3390/atmos12091093
- Research Advances of the Chinese Meridian Project in 2020–2021 C. WANG et al. 10.11728/cjss2022.04.yg04
- The Role of Neutral Wind Velocity and Its Vertical Component on Predictability of Formation and Localization of Sporadic E (Es) G. Didebulidze et al. 10.3390/atmos14061008
- Advances in the Researches of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere in China in 2020–2022 Z. CHEN et al. 10.11728/cjss2022.04.yg20
- An Empirical Model of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer Based on GNSS Radio Occultation Data B. Yu et al. 10.1029/2022SW003113
- Opinion: Recent developments and future directions in studying the mesosphere and lower thermosphere J. Plane et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13255-2023
- Comparison of middle- and low-latitude sodium layer from a ground-based lidar network, the Odin satellite, and WACCM–Na model B. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-22-11485-2022
- Using radio occultation-based electron density profiles for studying sporadic E layer spatial and temporal characteristics H. Liu et al. 10.1186/s40623-024-02038-z
- Effects of planetary wave oscillation on E-sporadic (Es) layers during the rare Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming of 2019 P. Fontes et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.069
- Deriving Ionospheric Sporadic E Intensity From FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC and FY‐3C Radio Occultation Measurements T. Hu et al. 10.1029/2022SW003214
- The importance of electric field or/and neutral wind in formation and prediction of sporadic E (Es) at the equatorial and mid-latitude regions G. Didebulidze et al. 10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106540
- Occurrences of Regional Strong Es Irregularities and Corresponding Scintillations Characterized Using a High‐Temporal‐Resolution GNSS Network W. Sun et al. 10.1029/2021JA029460
- Advancing Ionospheric Irregularity Reconstruction With ICON/MIGHTI Wind‐Driven Insights P. Tian et al. 10.1029/2025GL115666
- Contribution of the Chinese Meridian Project to space environment research: Highlights and perspectives C. Wang et al. 10.1007/s11430-022-1043-3
- Sporadic E morphology based on COSMIC radio occultation data and its relationship with wind shear theory J. Luo et al. 10.1186/s40623-021-01550-w
- 国家重大科技基础设施子午工程在空间环境领域的亮点研究进展 赤. 王 et al. 10.1360/N072022-0137
- Interhemispheric transport of metallic ions within ionospheric sporadic E layers by the lower thermospheric meridional circulation B. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-21-4219-2021
- Global Sporadic‐E Occurrence Rate Climatology Using GPS Radio Occultation and Ionosonde Data T. Hodos et al. 10.1029/2022JA030795
- Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes Z. Liu et al. 10.3390/rs13224714
- Editorial: Observations and simulations of layering phenomena in the middle/upper atmosphere and ionosphere B. Yu et al. 10.3389/fspas.2023.1361434
- On the Role of E‐F Region Coupling in the Generation of Nighttime MSTIDs During Summer and Equinox: Case Studies Over Northern Germany M. Sivakandan et al. 10.1029/2021JA030159
- The Lower Thermospheric Winter‐To‐Summer Meridional Circulation: 2. Impact on Atomic Oxygen J. Wang et al. 10.1029/2023JA031684
- Self-consistent global transport of metallic ions with WACCM-X J. Wu et al. 10.5194/acp-21-15619-2021
- Estimation Model of Global Ionospheric Irregularities: An Artificial Intelligence Approach P. Tian et al. 10.1029/2022SW003160
- Dynamics of Mid‐Latitude Sporadic‐E and Its Impact on HF Propagation in the North American Sector B. Kunduri et al. 10.1029/2023JA031455
- A Statistical Analysis of Sporadic-E Characteristics Associated with GNSS Radio Occultation Phase and Amplitude Scintillations D. Emmons et al. 10.3390/atmos13122098
- Analysis and simulation of the relationship between Es layer and solar activity Y. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.064
- Physical mechanism for the temporary intensification of wintertime sporadic E layers in 2009 S. Andoh et al. 10.1186/s40623-024-01966-0
Latest update: 03 Nov 2025
Short summary
A long-standing mystery of metal ions within Es layers in the Earth's upper atmosphere is the marked seasonal dependence, with a summer maximum and a winter minimum. We report a large-scale winter-to-summer transport of metal ions from 6-year multi-satellite observations and worldwide ground-based stations. A global atmospheric circulation is responsible for the phenomenon. Our results emphasise the effect of this atmospheric circulation on the transport of composition in the upper atmosphere.
A long-standing mystery of metal ions within Es layers in the Earth's upper atmosphere is the...
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