Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3763-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3763-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Mar 2021
Research article |
| 12 Mar 2021
| 12 Mar 2021
Identification and source attribution of organic compounds in ultrafine particles near Frankfurt International Airport
Florian Ungeheuer
Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Dominik van Pinxteren
Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for
Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Alexander L. Vogel
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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- CID fragment annotation from data-independent experiments in non-target organic aerosol analysis: presenting an easy-to-use tool N. Karbach & T. Hoffmann https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06184-5
- Changes in Ultrafine Particle Concentrations near a Major Airport Following Reduced Transportation Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic S. Mueller et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00322
- Emission and Formation of Aircraft Engine Oil Ultrafine Particles Z. Decker et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00184
- Contrasting organic aerosol molecular composition between the urban and agricultural environment of the Po Valley L. D'Angelo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6799-2026
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- Occurrence and in vitro toxicity of organic compounds in urban background PM2.5 J. Wallraff et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152779
- Parameterization of H 2 SO 4 and organic contributions to volatile PM in aircraft plumes at ground idle S. Jones & R. Miake-Lye https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2024.2354820
- Aircraft Arrival and Departure Contributions to Ultrafine Particle Size Distribution in a Near-Airport Community B. van Loenen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c04799
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- Anthropogenic and Biogenic Contributions to the Organic Composition of Coastal Submicron Sea Spray Aerosol E. Franklin et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04848
- Emissions of ultrafine particles from civil aircraft: dependence upon aircraft type and passenger load B. Stacey et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00477-1
- Review on main sources and impacts of urban ultrafine particles: Traffic emissions, nucleation, and climate modulation Q. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100221
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- Volatility of aircraft exhaust ultrafine particles inferred from field measurements at Narita International Airport N. Takegawa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119391
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- Evolution of wetted and corroded areas on 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steel exposed to salt water contaminated lubricant oil W. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112515
- Hybrid Targeted/Untargeted Screening Method for the Determination of Wildfire and Water-Soluble Organic Tracers in Ice Cores and Snow F. Burgay et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01852
- Unique Microphysical Structures of Ultrafine Particles Emitted from Turbofan Jet Engines A. Fushimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00309
48 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A systematic review of the impact of commercial aircraft activity on air quality near airports K. Riley et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2021.100066
- Impact of the closure of Berlin-Tegel Airport on ultrafine particle number concentrations on the airfield S. Fritz et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1061584
- Size distribution, sources and chemistry of ultrafine particles at Barcelona-El Prat Airport, Spain S. Ridolfo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109057
- An intercomparison study of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles L. Caudillo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023
- Physical and Chemical Characteristics, Origin, and Health Effects of Aircraft Exhaust Nanoparticles A. Fushimi https://doi.org/10.5988/jime.57.625
- Quantifying the contributions of road and air traffic to ambient ultrafine particles in two urban communities C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123892
- Ubiquity of Aviation Ultrafine Particles and Lubrication Oil Compounds Near Zurich Airport S. Tinorua et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c18458
- CID fragment annotation from data-independent experiments in non-target organic aerosol analysis: presenting an easy-to-use tool N. Karbach & T. Hoffmann https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06184-5
- Changes in Ultrafine Particle Concentrations near a Major Airport Following Reduced Transportation Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic S. Mueller et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00322
- Emission and Formation of Aircraft Engine Oil Ultrafine Particles Z. Decker et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00184
- Contrasting organic aerosol molecular composition between the urban and agricultural environment of the Po Valley L. D'Angelo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6799-2026
- Identification of Chemical Constituents in Blumea balsamifera Using UPLC–Q–Orbitrap HRMS and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities L. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114504
- Occurrence and in vitro toxicity of organic compounds in urban background PM2.5 J. Wallraff et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152779
- Parameterization of H 2 SO 4 and organic contributions to volatile PM in aircraft plumes at ground idle S. Jones & R. Miake-Lye https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2024.2354820
- Aircraft Arrival and Departure Contributions to Ultrafine Particle Size Distribution in a Near-Airport Community B. van Loenen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c04799
- Emission Impacts from Sustainable Aviation Fuel Blends via Engine Plume Measurements and Predictive Modeling at the Airport Scale S. Schmitt et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c05413
- Anthropogenic and Biogenic Contributions to the Organic Composition of Coastal Submicron Sea Spray Aerosol E. Franklin et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04848
- Emissions of ultrafine particles from civil aircraft: dependence upon aircraft type and passenger load B. Stacey et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00477-1
- Review on main sources and impacts of urban ultrafine particles: Traffic emissions, nucleation, and climate modulation Q. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100221
- Simulation of wake vortex transport of ultrafine particle emissions from the glide path to the ground F. Holzäpfel https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2026.100446
- Transport-related airborne nanoparticles: Sources, different aerosol modes, and their toxicity I. Vouitsis et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119698
- Volatility of aircraft exhaust ultrafine particles inferred from field measurements at Narita International Airport N. Takegawa et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119391
- The role of nanoparticles in bleed air in the etiology of Aerotoxic Syndrome: A review of cabin air-quality studies of 2003–2023 G. Hageman et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2024.2327348
- Organic aerosols mixing across the tropopause and its implication for anthropogenic pollution of the UTLS A. Breuninger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16533-2025
- Nucleation of jet engine oil vapours is a large source of aviation-related ultrafine particles F. Ungeheuer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00653-w
- High-resolution modeling of early contrail evolution from hydrogen-powered aircraft A. Lottermoser & S. Unterstrasser https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7903-2025
- Aerosol particle number concentration, ultrafine particle number fraction, and new particle formation measurements near the international airports in Berlin, Germany – First results from the BEAR study S. Kecorius et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109086
- Jet aircraft lubrication oil droplets as contrail ice-forming particles J. Ponsonby et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2045-2024
- Characterization of soot and crystalline atmospheric ultrafine particles F. Berrellez-Reyes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125314
- Transport of Biomass Burning Aerosol into the Extratropical Tropopause Region over Europe via Warm Conveyor Belt Uplift P. Joppe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15077-2025
- Performance evaluation of four cascade impactors for airborne ultrafine-particle (UFP) collection: the influence of particle type, concentration, mass, and chemical nature E. Eckenberger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-45-2025
- Introducing the novel concept of cumulative concentration roses for studying the transport of ultrafine particles from an airport to adjacent residential areas J. Seidler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-137-2024
- Lidar measurement of aircraft engine particulate emissions R. Ceolato et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2149-2026
- Aerosolomics based approach to discover source molecular markers: A case study for discriminating residential wood heating vs garden green waste burning emission sources C. Noblet et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141242
- Insight of effects of air quality and sustainable aviation fuel blend on energy saving and emission reduction in airport Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-024-00798-w
- Photochemical aging of aviation emissions: transformation of chemical and physical properties of exhaust emissions from a laboratory-scale jet engine combustion chamber A. Hartikainen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9275-2025
- Nontarget screening of a Siberian ice core reveals changes in the pre-industrial to industrial organic aerosol composition F. Burgay et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr1923
- Air quality impacts of aviation activities at a mid-sized airport in central Europe I. Trebs et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2023.101696
- Six-year trend of concentrations of ultrafine particles 6 km away from a major German airport H. Gerwig et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-4-153-2026
- Seasonal analysis of organic aerosol composition resolves anthropogenic and biogenic sources at a rural background station in central Europe M. Thoma et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EA00163J
- Spontaneous process of dispersed salt water droplets in lubricant oil establishing wetted areas: Settling, spreading, coalescing and de-wetting W. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.134368
- Atmospheric chemical source signatures from proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry aid in the interpretation of ambient aerosol distributions M. Striednig et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ada18f
- Contrail formation on ambient aerosol particles for aircraft with hydrogen combustion: a box model trajectory study A. Bier et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2319-2024
- Contribution of industrial and traffic emissions to ultrafine, fine, coarse particles in the vicinity of industrial areas in Japan Y. Fujitani et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100101
- Impact of airport operations and road traffic on the particle number concentration in the vicinity of a suburban airport S. Fritz et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.887493
- Evolution of wetted and corroded areas on 8Cr4Mo4V bearing steel exposed to salt water contaminated lubricant oil W. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112515
- Hybrid Targeted/Untargeted Screening Method for the Determination of Wildfire and Water-Soluble Organic Tracers in Ice Cores and Snow F. Burgay et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01852
- Unique Microphysical Structures of Ultrafine Particles Emitted from Turbofan Jet Engines A. Fushimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.4c00309
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jun 2026
Short summary
We analysed the chemical composition of ultrafine particles from 10–56 nm near Frankfurt Airport based on cascade impactor samples. We used an offline non-target screening to determine size-resolved molecular fingerprints. Unambiguous attribution of two homologous ester series to jet engine oils enables a new strategy of source attribution and explains the majority of the detected compounds. In addition, we identified additives of jet oils and a detrimental thermal transformation product.
We analysed the chemical composition of ultrafine particles from 10–56 nm near Frankfurt Airport...
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