Articles | Volume 21, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18609-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18609-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Dec 2021
Research article |
| 22 Dec 2021
| 22 Dec 2021
The role of anthropogenic aerosols in the anomalous cooling from 1960 to 1990 in the CMIP6 Earth system models
Jie Zhang
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
Kalli Furtado
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Steven T. Turnock
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Jane P. Mulcahy
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Laura J. Wilcox
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Ben B. Booth
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
David Sexton
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Tongwen Wu
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
Fang Zhang
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
Qianxia Liu
CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, Beijing, 100081, China
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing, 100081, China
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Total article views: 4,875 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total article views: 1,188 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Cited
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Recent decadal weakening of the summer Eurasian westerly jet attributable to anthropogenic aerosol emissions B. Dong et al.
- Impacts of the East Asia monsoon on the PM2.5 acidity in Hanoi P. Hien et al.
- The aerosol pathway is crucial for observationally constraining climate sensitivity and anthropogenic forcing R. Skeie et al.
- Assessing the climate impact of an improved volcanic sulfate aerosol representation in E3SM Z. Ke et al.
- Twenty‐First Century Projections and Trends of JJAS Rainfall Over the Greater Horn of Africa Under CMIP6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Scenarios W. Jima et al.
- Decadal co‐variation of the aerosols over East Asia and the East Asian jet streams in the boreal winter S. Hu et al.
- The Regional Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (RAMIP) L. Wilcox et al.
- Opinion: The role of AerChemMIP in advancing climate and air quality research P. Griffiths et al.
- Synergistic reductions of CO2 and aerosols: Navigating mid-term warming risks for 2 °C climate futures L. Jin et al.
- Ocean heat uptake and interbasin redistribution driven by anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases S. Li et al.
- Drivers of change in peak-season surface ozone concentrations and impacts on human health over the historical period (1850–2014) S. Turnock et al.
- Anthropogenic aerosol impacts on Pacific Coast precipitation in CMIP6 models R. Allen & X. Zhao
- Weakened Asian summer monsoon anticyclone related to increased anthropogenic aerosol emissions in recent decades K. Qie et al.
- Contrasting internally and externally generated Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and the role for AMOC in CMIP6 historical simulations J. Robson et al.
- Strong aerosol cooling alone does not explain cold-biased mid-century temperatures in CMIP6 models C. Flynn et al.
- UKESM1.1: development and evaluation of an updated configuration of the UK Earth System Model J. Mulcahy et al.
- Structure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in Three Generations of Climate Models F. Wang et al.
- Impact of industrial versus biomass burning aerosols on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation R. Allen et al.
- Unveiling the dominant control of the systematic cooling bias in CMIP6 models: quantification and corrective strategies J. Zhang et al.
- The Role of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing in the 1850–1985 Strengthening of the AMOC in CMIP6 Historical Simulations J. Robson et al.
- Accuracy of Several Cubic Equations of State for Predicting Vapor Pressures Using Critical Properties from Experimental Constants, PR+COSMOSAC-Based Constants, and Full PR+COSMOSAC Calculations D. Pinegar et al.
- Disentangling the contributions of anthropogenic climate change, greenhouse gases, and aerosols to heat-related mortality in Great Britain: a climate change impact attribution study K. Wan et al.
- Regional climate imprints of recent historical changes in anthropogenic Near Term Climate Forcers A. Santos-Espeso et al.
- Interactions between atmospheric composition and climate change – progress in understanding and future opportunities from AerChemMIP, PDRMIP, and RFMIP S. Fiedler et al.
- Historical and future projections of southwest monsoon rainfall extremes: a comprehensive study using CMIP6 simulations H. Varikoden et al.
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Recent decadal weakening of the summer Eurasian westerly jet attributable to anthropogenic aerosol emissions B. Dong et al.
- Impacts of the East Asia monsoon on the PM2.5 acidity in Hanoi P. Hien et al.
- The aerosol pathway is crucial for observationally constraining climate sensitivity and anthropogenic forcing R. Skeie et al.
- Assessing the climate impact of an improved volcanic sulfate aerosol representation in E3SM Z. Ke et al.
- Twenty‐First Century Projections and Trends of JJAS Rainfall Over the Greater Horn of Africa Under CMIP6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Scenarios W. Jima et al.
- Decadal co‐variation of the aerosols over East Asia and the East Asian jet streams in the boreal winter S. Hu et al.
- The Regional Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (RAMIP) L. Wilcox et al.
- Opinion: The role of AerChemMIP in advancing climate and air quality research P. Griffiths et al.
- Synergistic reductions of CO2 and aerosols: Navigating mid-term warming risks for 2 °C climate futures L. Jin et al.
- Ocean heat uptake and interbasin redistribution driven by anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases S. Li et al.
- Drivers of change in peak-season surface ozone concentrations and impacts on human health over the historical period (1850–2014) S. Turnock et al.
- Anthropogenic aerosol impacts on Pacific Coast precipitation in CMIP6 models R. Allen & X. Zhao
- Weakened Asian summer monsoon anticyclone related to increased anthropogenic aerosol emissions in recent decades K. Qie et al.
- Contrasting internally and externally generated Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and the role for AMOC in CMIP6 historical simulations J. Robson et al.
- Strong aerosol cooling alone does not explain cold-biased mid-century temperatures in CMIP6 models C. Flynn et al.
- UKESM1.1: development and evaluation of an updated configuration of the UK Earth System Model J. Mulcahy et al.
- Structure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in Three Generations of Climate Models F. Wang et al.
- Impact of industrial versus biomass burning aerosols on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation R. Allen et al.
- Unveiling the dominant control of the systematic cooling bias in CMIP6 models: quantification and corrective strategies J. Zhang et al.
- The Role of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing in the 1850–1985 Strengthening of the AMOC in CMIP6 Historical Simulations J. Robson et al.
- Accuracy of Several Cubic Equations of State for Predicting Vapor Pressures Using Critical Properties from Experimental Constants, PR+COSMOSAC-Based Constants, and Full PR+COSMOSAC Calculations D. Pinegar et al.
- Disentangling the contributions of anthropogenic climate change, greenhouse gases, and aerosols to heat-related mortality in Great Britain: a climate change impact attribution study K. Wan et al.
- Regional climate imprints of recent historical changes in anthropogenic Near Term Climate Forcers A. Santos-Espeso et al.
- Interactions between atmospheric composition and climate change – progress in understanding and future opportunities from AerChemMIP, PDRMIP, and RFMIP S. Fiedler et al.
- Historical and future projections of southwest monsoon rainfall extremes: a comprehensive study using CMIP6 simulations H. Varikoden et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 06 May 2026
Short summary
The CMIP6 ESMs systematically underestimate TAS anomalies in the NH midlatitudes, especially from 1960 to 1990. The anomalous cooling is concurrent in time and space with anthropogenic SO2 emissions. The spurious drop in TAS is attributed to the overestimated aerosol concentrations. The aerosol forcing sensitivity cannot well explain the inter-model spread of PHC biases. And the cloud-amount term accounts for most of the inter-model spread in aerosol forcing sensitivity.
The CMIP6 ESMs systematically underestimate TAS anomalies in the NH midlatitudes, especially...
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