Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 21, issue 24
Articles | Volume 21, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18519-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18519-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 24
Research article
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21 Dec 2021
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 21 Dec 2021

Secondary ice production during the break-up of freezing water drops on impact with ice particles

Rachel L. James, Vaughan T. J. Phillips, and Paul J. Connolly

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Latest update: 23 Apr 2025
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Short summary
Secondary ice production (SIP) plays an important role in ice formation within mixed-phase clouds. We present a laboratory investigation of a potentially new SIP mechanism involving the collisions of supercooled water drops with ice particles. At impact, the supercooled water drop fragments form smaller secondary drops. Approximately 30 % of the secondary drops formed during the retraction phase of the supercooled water drop impact freeze over a temperature range of −4 °C to −12 °C.
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