Articles | Volume 21, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17665-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Dec 2021
Research article |
| 03 Dec 2021
| 03 Dec 2021
Is the Atlantic Ocean driving the recent variability in South Asian dust?
Priyanka Banerjee
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India
Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh
Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore, India
Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore, India
Related authors
No articles found.
Krishnakant Budhavant, Mohanan Remani Manoj, Hari Ram Chandrika Rajendran Nair, Samuel Mwaniki Gaita, Henry Holmstrand, Abdus Salam, Ahmed Muslim, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Örjan Gustafsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11911–11925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The South Asian Pollution Experiment 2018 used access to three strategically located receptor observatories. Observational constraints revealed opposing trends in the mass absorption cross sections of black carbon (BC MAC) and brown carbon (BrC MAC) during long-range transport. Models estimating the climate effects of BC aerosols may have underestimated the ambient BC MAC over distant receptor areas, leading to discrepancies in aerosol absorption predicted by observation-constrained models.
Nair Krishnan Kala, Narayana Sarma Anand, Mohanan R. Manoj, Srinivasan Prasanth, Harshavardhana S. Pathak, Thara Prabhakaran, Pramod D. Safai, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12801–12819, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 3D data set of aerosol black carbon over the Indian mainland by assimilating data from surface, aircraft, and balloon measurements, along with multi-satellite observations. Radiative transfer computations using height-resolved aerosol absorption show higher warming in the free troposphere and will have large implications for atmospheric stability. This data set will help reduce the uncertainty in aerosol radiative effects in climate model simulations over the Indian region.
Nair K. Kala, Narayana Sarma Anand, Mohanan R. Manoj, Harshavardhana S. Pathak, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6067–6085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6067-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the 3-D distribution of atmospheric aerosols and highlight its variation with respect to longitudes over the Indian mainland and the surrounding oceans using long-term satellite observations and realistic synthesised data. The atmospheric heating due to the 3-D distribution of aerosols is estimated using radiative transfer calculations. We believe that our findings will have strong implications for aerosol–radiation interactions in regional climate simulations.
Archana Devi and Sreedharan K. Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5365–5376, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global maps of aerosol absorption were generated using a multi-satellite retrieval algorithm. The retrieved values were validated with available aircraft-based measurements and compared with other global datasets. Seasonal and spatial distributions of aerosol absorption over various regions are also presented. The global maps of single scattering albedo with improved accuracy provide important input to climate models for assessing the climatic impact of aerosols on regional and global scales.
S. Arora, A. V. Kulkarni, P. Ghosh, and S. K. Satheesh
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2021, 431–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-431-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-431-2021, 2021
Mohanan R. Manoj, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Krishnaswamy K. Moorthy, Jamie Trembath, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8979–8997, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8979-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8979-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical distributions of atmospheric aerosols across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and their ability to form clouds have been studied based on airborne measurements during the SWAAMI field campaign. The ability of the aerosols to act as cloud-forming nuclei exhibited large spatial variation across the IGP and strong seasonality with increase in this ability with increase in altitude prior to the onset of monsoon and decrease with increase in altitude during the active phase of the monsoon.
Harshavardhana Sunil Pathak, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Ravi Shankar Nanjundiah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14237–14252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14237-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14237-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have estimated the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) by employing the assimilated, gridded aerosol datasets over the Indian region. The present ARF estimates are more accurate and certain than those estimated using the currently available, latest satellite-retrieved aerosol products. Therefore, the present ARF estimates and corresponding assimilated aerosol products emerge as potential candidates for improving the aerosol climate impact assessment at regional, subregional and seasonal scales.
Harshavardhana Sunil Pathak, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Ravi Shankar Nanjundiah, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, Sivaramakrishnan Lakshmivarahan, and Surendran Nair Suresh Babu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11865–11886, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11865-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11865-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed quality-enhanced, gridded datasets for aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorption AOD by assimilating highly accurate measurements from the dense network of ground-based stations, with respective satellite-retrieved datasets. The assimilated datasets demonstrate improved accuracy and reduced uncertainties as compared to respective satellite products. Thus, these assimilated products emerge as important tools to improve the accuracy of climate impact assessment of aerosols.
Kadiri Saikranthi, Basivi Radhakrishna, Thota Narayana Rao, and Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10423–10432, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10423-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10423-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have shown that simulation of monsoons can be improved with an exact representation of SST–precipitation relationship. The vertical structure of precipitation with SST is distinctly different over the Arabian Sea than over the Bay of Bengal. The reflectivity profiles show variation with SST over the Arabian Sea and do not show considerable variation with SST over the Bay of Bengal. The variations in reflectivity profiles seem to originate at the cloud formation stage itself.
Gaurav Govardhan, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy, and Ravi Nanjundiah
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8229–8241, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8229-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8229-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We show substantial improvements in the near-surface BC mass concentrations simulated by a regional chemistry transport model, WRF-Chem, over the Indian region, upon scaling up the CMIP5 equivalent anthropogenic BC emissions by 3 and introducing a diurnal variation to those. The diurnality in emissions alone significantly controls the simulated near-surface BC mass concentration, with a mean delay of 3–4 h. The simulated AOD, however, is still underestimated.
James Brooks, James D. Allan, Paul I. Williams, Dantong Liu, Cathryn Fox, Jim Haywood, Justin M. Langridge, Ellie J. Highwood, Sobhan K. Kompalli, Debbie O'Sullivan, Suresh S. Babu, Sreedharan K. Satheesh, Andrew G. Turner, and Hugh Coe
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5615–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our study, for the first time, presents measurements of aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across northern India in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons of 2016 using the FAAM BAe-146 UK research aircraft. Across northern India, an elevated aerosol layer dominated by sulfate aerosol exists that diminishes with monsoon arrival. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) boundary layer is dominated by organics, whereas outside the IGP sulfate dominates with increased scattering aerosol.
Kruthika Eswaran, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Jayaraman Srinivasan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3307–3324, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple satellite retrieval algorithms are used to counter problems, such as cloud contamination, faced by sensors with large pixel sizes. This work uses one such algorithm to retrieve a parameter (single scattering albedo) over the oceans. It was found that the joint algorithm performed better than the original when aerosols were present near the surface. Discrepancy between the measurements was seen when elevated aerosols were present which might not have been detected by cruise instruments.
Chandrika Rajendran Hariram, Gaurav Govardhan, Mohanan Remani Manoj, Narayana Sarma Anand, Karuppiah Kannan, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-745, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The knowledge on the realistic state of mixing of aerosols is inevitable for climate studies. Our paper unravels the existing uncertainties regarding the morphology and mixing state of aerosols, hitherto unexplained. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first-of-its kind study over the Indian region, coupling realistic aerosol observations, advanced spectroscopic, microscopic and image processing techniques on atmospheric aerosols at single particle resolution.
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
An investigation of the impact of Canadian wildfires on US air quality using model, satellite, and ground measurements
How to trace the origins of short-lived atmospheric species: an Arctic example
Dust-producing weather patterns of the North American Great Plains
High-resolution air quality maps for Bucharest using a mixed-effects modeling framework
Construction and application of a pollen emissions model based on phenology and random forests
The impact of uncertainty in black carbon's refractive index on simulated optical depth and radiative forcing
Characterization of brown carbon absorption in different European environments through source contribution analysis
Accounting for the black carbon aging process in a two-way coupled meteorology–air quality model
The effectiveness of solar radiation management using fine sea spray across multiple climatic regions
A global dust emission dataset for estimating dust radiative forcings in climate models
Tropospheric aerosols over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the winter and summer deployments of ACTIVATE 2020: life cycle, transport, and distribution
Spatial and temporal evolution of future atmospheric reactive nitrogen deposition in China under different climate change mitigation strategies
Steady-state mixing state of black carbon aerosols from a particle-resolved model
Direct radiative forcing of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol and the influencing factors over China
Distinctive dust weather intensities in North China resulted from two types of atmospheric circulation anomalies
Biomass burning emission analysis based on MODIS aerosol optical depth and AeroCom multi-model simulations: implications for model constraints and emission inventories
Quasi-weekly oscillation of regional PM2.5 transport over China driven by the synoptic-scale disturbance of the East Asian winter monsoon circulation
Solar radiation estimation in West Africa: impact of dust conditions during the 2021 dry season
Machine Learning Assisted Inference of the Particle Charge Fraction and the Ion-induced Nucleation Rates during New Particle Formation Events
Modeling urban pollutant transport at multi-resolutions: Impacts of turbulent mixing
Gaps in our understanding of ice-nucleating particle sources exposed by global simulation of the UK Earth System Model
The role of interfacial tension in the size-dependent phase separation of atmospheric aerosol particles
Warming effects of reduced sulfur emissions from shipping
The key role of atmospheric absorption in the Asian summer monsoon response to dust emissions in CMIP6 models
Multi-model effective radiative forcing of the 2020 sulfur cap for shipping
Exploring the Aerosol Activation Properties in a Coastal Area Using Cloud and Particle-resolving Models
Representation of iron aerosol size distributions of anthropogenic emissions is critical in evaluating atmospheric soluble iron input to the ocean
Revealing dominant patterns of aerosol regimes in the lower troposphere and their evolution from preindustrial times to the future in global climate model simulations
A Novel Method to Quantify the Uncertainty Contribution of Aerosol-Radiative Interaction Factors
Improving estimation of a record-breaking east Asian dust storm emission with lagged aerosol Ångström exponent observations
Impact of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) on the tropical African climate in an ocean–atmosphere–aerosol coupled climate model
Retrieval of refractive index and water content for the coating materials of aged black carbon aerosol based on optical properties: a theoretical analysis
Strong inter-model differences and biases in CMIP6 simulations of PM2.5, aerosol optical depth, and precipitation over Africa
Impact of post monsoon crop residue burning on PM2.5 over North India: Optimizing emissions using a high-density in situ surface observation network
Predicting hygroscopic growth of organosulfur aerosol particles using COSMOtherm
Dust aerosol from the Aralkum Desert influences the radiation budget and atmospheric dynamics of Central Asia
Global modeling of aerosol nucleation with a semi-explicit chemical mechanism for highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs)
Synergistic effects of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on dust activities in North China during the following spring
Aerosol composition, air quality, and boundary layer dynamics in the urban background of Stuttgart in winter
Response of the link between ENSO and the East Asian winter monsoon to Asian anthropogenic aerosols
Measurement report: Source attribution and estimation of black carbon levels in an urban hotspot of the central Po Valley – an integrated approach combining high-resolution dispersion modelling and micro-aethalometers
Modeling CMAQ dry deposition treatment over Western Pacific: A distinct characteristic of mineral dust and anthropogenic aerosol
Microphysical modelling of aerosol scavenging by different types of clouds: description and validation of the approach
Insights into the sources of ultrafine particle numbers at six European urban sites obtained by investigating COVID-19 lockdowns
In-plume and out-of-plume analysis of aerosol–cloud interactions derived from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun volcanic eruption
Impacts of atmospheric circulation patterns and cloud inhibition on aerosol radiative effect and boundary layer structure during winter air pollution in Sichuan Basin, China
Modeling simulation of aerosol light absorption over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: the impact of mixing state and aging processes
Investigating the sign of stratocumulus adjustments to aerosols in the ICON global storm-resolving model
A model study investigating the sensitivity of aerosol forcing to the volatilities of semi-volatile organic compounds
Decomposing the effective radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols based on CMIP6 Earth system models
Zhixin Xue, Nair Udaysankar, and Sundar A. Christopher
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5497–5517, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5497-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5497-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Canadian wildfires in August 2018 significantly increased surface air pollution across the United States (US) – by up to 69 % in some areas. Using model, satellite, and ground measurements, the study highlights how weather patterns and long-range smoke transport drive pollution. The northwestern US was most affected by Canadian wildfire smoke, while the northeastern US experienced the least impact. These findings indicate the growing concern that wildfire smoke poses to air quality across the US.
Anderson Da Silva, Louis Marelle, Jean-Christophe Raut, Yvette Gramlich, Karolina Siegel, Sophie L. Haslett, Claudia Mohr, and Jennie L. Thomas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5331–5354, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5331-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5331-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particle sources in polar climates are unclear, affecting climate representation in models. This study introduces an evaluated method for tracking particles with backward modeling. Tests on simulated particles allowed us to show that traditional detection methods often misidentify sources. An improved method that accurately traces the origins of aerosol particles in the Arctic is presented. The study recommends using this enhanced method for better source identification of atmospheric species.
Stuart Evans
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4833–4845, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4833-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4833-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study of the North American Great Plains identifies the various weather patterns responsible for blowing dust in all parts of the region using a weather pattern classification. In the southwestern plains passing cold fronts are the primary cause of dust; in the understudied northern plains, summertime patterns and southerly pre-frontal winds are most important in the west and east, respectively. These results are valuable to understanding and forecasting dust in this complex source region.
Camelia Talianu, Jeni Vasilescu, Doina Nicolae, Alexandru Ilie, Andrei Dandocsi, Anca Nemuc, and Livio Belegante
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4639–4654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4639-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4639-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
For Bucharest, Romania's capital, mobile measurements during two intensive campaigns and mixed-effect LUR (land-use regression) models to derive seasonal maps of near-surface PM10, NO2 and UFPs (ultrafine particles) have successfully been used. The model's performance was evaluated, demonstrating its potential for high-resolution mapping in other cities with well-characterized urban structures and diverse in situ monitoring stations.
Jiangtao Li, Xingqin An, Zhaobin Sun, Caihua Ye, Qing Hou, Yuxin Zhao, and Zhe Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3583–3602, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3583-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3583-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change and pollution have intensified pollen allergies. We developed a pollen emissions model using phenology and random forests. Key factors affecting annual pollen emissions include temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours. Pollen dispersal starts around 10 August, peaks around 30 August and ends by 25 September, lasting about 45 d. Over time, annual pollen emissions exhibit significant fluctuations and a downward trend.
Ruth A. R. Digby, Knut von Salzen, Adam H. Monahan, Nathan P. Gillett, and Jiangnan Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3109–3130, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3109-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3109-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The refractive index of black carbon (BCRI), which determines how much energy black carbon absorbs and scatters, is difficult to measure, and different climate models use different values. We show that varying the BCRI across commonly used values can increase absorbing aerosol optical depth by 42 % and the warming effect from interactions between black carbon and radiation by 47 %, an appreciable fraction of the overall spread between models reported in recent literature assessments.
Hector Navarro-Barboza, Jordi Rovira, Vincenzo Obiso, Andrea Pozzer, Marta Via, Andres Alastuey, Xavier Querol, Noemi Perez, Marjan Savadkoohi, Gang Chen, Jesus Yus-Díez, Matic Ivancic, Martin Rigler, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Stergios Vratolis, Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Benjamin Chazeau, Nicolas Marchand, Andre S. H. Prevot, Kaspar Dallenbach, Mikael Ehn, Krista Luoma, Tuukka Petäjä, Anna Tobler, Jaroslaw Necki, Minna Aurela, Hilkka Timonen, Jarkko Niemi, Olivier Favez, Jean-Eudes Petit, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Pascal, Aurélien Chauvigné, Sébastien Conil, Marco Pandolfi, and Oriol Jorba
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2667–2694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2667-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2667-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) absorbs ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, influencing climate. This study explores BrC's imaginary refractive index (k) using data from 12 European sites. Residential emissions are a major organic aerosol (OA) source in winter, while secondary organic aerosol (SOA) dominates in summer. Source-specific k values were derived, improving model accuracy. The findings highlight BrC's climate impact and emphasize source-specific constraints in atmospheric models.
Yuzhi Jin, Jiandong Wang, Chao Liu, David C. Wong, Golam Sarwar, Kathleen M. Fahey, Shang Wu, Jiaping Wang, Jing Cai, Zeyuan Tian, Zhouyang Zhang, Jia Xing, Aijun Ding, and Shuxiao Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2613–2630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2613-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2613-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) affects climate and the environment, and its aging process alters its properties. Current models, like WRF-CMAQ, lack full accounting for it. We developed the WRF-CMAQ-BCG model to better represent BC aging by introducing bare and coated BC species and their conversion. The WRF-CMAQ-BCG model introduces the capability to simulate BC mixing states and bare and coated BC wet deposition, and it improves the accuracy of BC mass concentration and aerosol optics.
Zhe Song, Shaocai Yu, Pengfei Li, Ningning Yao, Lang Chen, Yuhai Sun, Boqiong Jiang, and Daniel Rosenfeld
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2473–2494, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2473-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2473-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our results with injected sea salt aerosols for five open oceans show that sea salt aerosols with low injection amounts dominate shortwave radiation, mainly through indirect effects. As indirect aerosol effects saturate with increasing injection rates, direct effects exceed indirect effects. This implies that marine cloud brightening is best implemented in areas with extensive cloud cover, while aerosol direct scattering effects remain dominant when clouds are scarce.
Danny M. Leung, Jasper F. Kok, Longlei Li, David M. Lawrence, Natalie M. Mahowald, Simone Tilmes, and Erik Kluzek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2311–2331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2311-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2311-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study derives a gridded dust emission dataset for 1841–2000 by employing a combination of observed dust from core records and reanalyzed global dust cycle constraints. We evaluate the ability of global models to replicate the observed historical dust variability by using the emission dataset to force a historical simulation in an Earth system model. We show that prescribing our emissions forces the model to better match observations than other mechanistic models.
Hongyu Liu, Bo Zhang, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Richard A. Ferrare, Hyundeok Choi, Armin Sorooshian, David Painemal, Hailong Wang, Michael A. Shook, Amy Jo Scarino, Johnathan W. Hair, Ewan C. Crosbie, Marta A. Fenn, Taylor J. Shingler, Chris A. Hostetler, Gao Chen, Mary M. Kleb, Gan Luo, Fangqun Yu, Mark A. Vaughan, Yongxiang Hu, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Joshua P. DiGangi, Yonghoon Choi, Christoph A. Keller, and Matthew S. Johnson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2087–2121, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use the GEOS-Chem model to simulate aerosol distributions and properties over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) during the winter and summer deployments in 2020 of the NASA ACTIVATE mission. Model results are evaluated against aircraft, ground-based, and satellite observations. The improved understanding of life cycle, composition, transport pathways, and distribution of aerosols has important implications for characterizing aerosol–cloud–meteorology interactions over WNAO.
Mingrui Ma, Jiachen Cao, Dan Tong, Bo Zheng, and Yu Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2147–2166, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combined two global climate change pathways and three national emission control scenarios to analyze the future evolution of reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition till the 2060s in China with air quality modeling. We show China’s clean air and carbon neutrality policies would overcome the adverse effects of climate change and efficiently reduce Nr deposition. The outflow of Nr fluxes from mainland China to the west Pacific would also be clearly reduced from continuous stringent emission controls.
Zhouyang Zhang, Jiandong Wang, Jiaping Wang, Nicole Riemer, Chao Liu, Yuzhi Jin, Zeyuan Tian, Jing Cai, Yueyue Cheng, Ganzhen Chen, Bin Wang, Shuxiao Wang, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1869–1881, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1869-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1869-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) exerts notable warming effects. We use a particle-resolved model to investigate the long-term behavior of the BC mixing state, revealing its compositions, coating thickness distribution, and optical properties all stabilize with a characteristic time of less than 1 d. This study can effectively simplify the description of the BC mixing state, which facilitates the precise assessment of the optical properties of BC aerosols in global and chemical transport models.
Shuangqin Yang, Yusi Liu, Li Chen, Nan Cao, Jing Wang, and Shuang Gao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3705, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3705, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon, primary brown carbon, and secondary brown carbon are the leading light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (LACs) that contribute significantly to climate change. We modified the GEOS-Chem model to simulate the climate change by LACs based on local emission inventory, and explored the impacts of LACs properties and atmospheric variables on the corresponding DRFs in seven regions of China. The study confirms the warming effect of LACs and deepens our knowledge of their climatic effects.
Qianyi Huo, Zhicong Yin, Xiaoqing Ma, and Huijun Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1711–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1711-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1711-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dust days during the spring seasons of 2015–2023 in North China were classified into Mongolian cyclone and cold high types depending on the presence of the Mongolian cyclone. The Mongolian cyclone type led to more frequent and severe dust weather, indicated by PM10 concentrations. To comprehensively forecast the two types of dust weather, a common predictor was established based on 500 hPa anomalous circulation systems, offering insights for dust weather forecasting and climate prediction.
Mariya Petrenko, Ralph Kahn, Mian Chin, Susanne E. Bauer, Tommi Bergman, Huisheng Bian, Gabriele Curci, Ben Johnson, Johannes W. Kaiser, Zak Kipling, Harri Kokkola, Xiaohong Liu, Keren Mezuman, Tero Mielonen, Gunnar Myhre, Xiaohua Pan, Anna Protonotariou, Samuel Remy, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Philip Stier, Toshihiko Takemura, Kostas Tsigaridis, Hailong Wang, Duncan Watson-Parris, and Kai Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1545–1567, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1545-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1545-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We compared smoke plume simulations from 11 global models to each other and to satellite smoke amount observations aimed at constraining smoke source strength. In regions where plumes are thick and background aerosol is low, models and satellites compare well. However, the input emission inventory tends to underestimate in many places, and particle property and loss rate assumptions vary enormously among models, causing uncertainties that require systematic in situ measurements to resolve.
Yongqing Bai, Tianliang Zhao, Kai Meng, Yue Zhou, Jie Xiong, Xiaoyun Sun, Lijuan Shen, Yanyu Yue, Yan Zhu, Weiyang Hu, and Jingyan Yao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 1273–1287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1273-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1273-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed a composite statistical method to identify the quasi-weekly oscillation (QWO) of regional PM2.5 transport over China in winter from 2015 to 2019. The QWO of regional PM2.5 transport is constrained by synoptic-scale disturbances of the East Asian winter monsoon circulation with the periodic activities of the Siberian high, providing a new insight into the understanding of regional pollutant transport with meteorological drivers in atmospheric environment changes.
Léo Clauzel, Sandrine Anquetin, Christophe Lavaysse, Gilles Bergametti, Christel Bouet, Guillaume Siour, Rémy Lapere, Béatrice Marticorena, and Jennie Thomas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 997–1021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-997-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-997-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Solar energy production in West Africa is set to rise and needs accurate solar radiation estimates which are affected by desert dust. This work analyses a March 2021 dust event using a modelling strategy incorporating desert dust. Results show that considering desert dust cuts errors in solar radiation estimates by 75 % and reduces surface solar radiation by 18 %. This highlights the importance of incorporating dust aerosols into solar forecasting for better accuracy.
Pan Wang, Yue Zhao, Jiandong Wang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Jingkun Jiang, and Chenxi Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3666, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a numerical model to explore how the charge state of newly formed atmospheric particles evolves during growth and how this relates to ion-induced nucleation rates. We identify the governing factors of particle charging and further apply neural networks to predict particle charge states and estimate ion induced nucleation rates. This study offers insights into particle charging dynamics and introduces new methods for assessing ion induced nucleation in atmospheric research.
Zining Yang, Qiuyan Du, Qike Yang, Chun Zhao, Gudongze Li, Zihan Xia, Mingyue Xu, Renmin Yuan, Yubin Li, Kaihui Xia, Jun Gu, and Jiawang Feng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3890, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3890, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impact of turbulent mixing on black carbon (BC) concentrations in urban areas using WRF-Chem at 25, 5, and 1 km resolutions. Significant variations in BC and turbulent mixing occur mainly at night. Higher resolutions reduce BC overestimation due to enhanced PBL mixing coefficients and vertical wind fluxes. Small-scale eddies at higher resolutions increase BC lifetime and column concentrations. Land use and terrain variations across multi-resolutions affect PBL mixing.
Ross J. Herbert, Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Kirsty J. Pringle, Stephen R. Arnold, Benjamin J. Murray, and Kenneth S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 291–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-291-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-291-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol particles that help form ice in clouds vary in number and type around the world and with time. However, in many weather and climate models cloud ice is not linked to aerosols that are known to nucleate ice. Here we report the first steps towards representing ice-nucleating particles within the UK Earth System Model. We conclude that in addition to ice nucleation by sea spray and mineral components of soil dust, we also need to represent ice nucleation by the organic components of soils.
Ryan Schmedding and Andreas Zuend
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 327–346, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-327-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-327-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Four different approaches for computing the interfacial tension between liquid phases in aerosol particles were tested for particles with diameters from 10 nm to more than 5 μm. Antonov's rule led to the strongest reductions in the onset relative humidity of liquid–liquid phase separation and reproduced measured interfacial tensions for highly immiscible systems. A modified form of the Butler equation was able to best reproduce measured interfacial tensions in more miscible systems.
Masaru Yoshioka, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Ben B. B. Booth, Colin P. Morice, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13681–13692, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A 2020 regulation has reduced sulfur emissions from shipping by about 80 %, leading to a decrease in atmospheric aerosols that have a cooling effect primarily by affecting cloud properties and amounts. Our climate model simulations predict a global temperature increase of 0.04 K over the next 3 decades as a result, which could contribute to surpassing the Paris Agreement's 1.5 °C target. Reduced aerosols may have also contributed to the recent temperature spikes.
Alcide Zhao, Laura J. Wilcox, and Claire L. Ryder
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13385–13402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models include desert dust aerosols, which cause atmospheric heating and can change circulation patterns. We assess the effect of dust on the Indian and east Asian summer monsoons through multi-model experiments isolating the effect of dust in current climate models for the first time. Dust atmospheric heating results in a southward shift of western Pacific equatorial rainfall and an enhanced Indian summer monsoon. This shows the importance of accurate dust representation in models.
Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Rachael Byrom, Øivind Hodnebrog, Caroline Jouan, and Gunnar Myhre
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13361–13370, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13361-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13361-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 2020, new regulations by the International Maritime Organization regarding sulfur emissions came into force, reducing emissions of SO2 from the shipping sector by approximately 80 %. In this study, we use multiple models to calculate how much the Earth energy balance changed due to the emission reduction or the so-called effective radiative forcing. The calculated effective radiative forcing is weak, comparable to the effect of the increase in CO2 over the last 2 to 3 years.
Ge Yu, Yueya Wang, Zhe Wang, and Xiaoming Shi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3581, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3581, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Studying the cloud-forming capacity of aerosols is crucial in climate research. The PartMC model can provide detailed particle information and help these studies. This model is integrated with the ideal meteorological Cloud Model 1 (CM1) to simulate the aerosols at cloud-forming locations. Significant changes are revealed in the hygroscopicity distribution of aerosols within ascending air parcels. Additionally, different ascent times also affect aerosol aging processes.
Mingxu Liu, Hitoshi Matsui, Douglas S. Hamilton, Sagar D. Rathod, Kara D. Lamb, and Natalie M. Mahowald
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13115–13127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13115-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13115-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric aerosol deposition provides bioavailable iron to promote marine primary production, yet the estimates of its fluxes remain highly uncertain. This study, by performing global aerosol simulations, demonstrates that iron-containing particle size upon emission is a critical factor in regulating soluble iron input to open oceans. Further observational constraints on this are needed to reduce modeling uncertainties.
Jingmin Li, Mattia Righi, Johannes Hendricks, Christof G. Beer, Ulrike Burkhardt, and Anja Schmidt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12727–12747, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aiming to understand underlying patterns and trends in aerosols, we characterize the spatial patterns and long-term evolution of lower tropospheric aerosols by clustering multiple aerosol properties from preindustrial times to the year 2050 under three Shared
Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios. The results provide a clear and condensed picture of the spatial extent and distribution of aerosols for different time periods and emission scenarios.
Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios. The results provide a clear and condensed picture of the spatial extent and distribution of aerosols for different time periods and emission scenarios.
Bishuo He and Chunsheng Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3441, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3441, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Factor-uncertainty analysis helps us understand their impacts on complex systems. Traditional methods have many limitations. This study introduces a new method to measure how each factor contributes to uncertainty. It gains insights into the role of each variable and works for all multi-factor systems. As an application, we analyzed how aerosols affect solar radiation and identified the key factors. These analyses can improve our understanding of the role of aerosols in climate change.
Yueming Cheng, Tie Dai, Junji Cao, Daisuke Goto, Jianbing Jin, Teruyuki Nakajima, and Guangyu Shi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12643–12659, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12643-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12643-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In March 2021, east Asia experienced an outbreak of severe dust storms after an absence of 1.5 decades. Here, we innovatively used the time-lagged ground-based aerosol size information with the fixed-lag ensemble Kalman smoother to optimize dust emission and reproduce the dust storm. This work is valuable for not only the quantification of health damage, aviation risks, and profound impacts on the Earth's system but also revealing the climatic driving force and the process of desertification.
Marc Mallet, Aurore Voldoire, Fabien Solmon, Pierre Nabat, Thomas Drugé, and Romain Roehrig
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12509–12535, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the interactions between smoke aerosols and climate in tropical Africa using a coupled ocean–atmosphere–aerosol climate model. The work shows that smoke plumes have a significant impact by increasing the low-cloud fraction, decreasing the ocean and continental surface temperature and reducing the precipitation of coastal western Africa. It also highlights the role of the ocean temperature response and its feedbacks for the September–November season.
Jia Liu, Cancan Zhu, Donghui Zhou, and Jinbao Han
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12341–12354, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12341-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12341-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The hydrophilic coatings of aged black carbon (BC) particles absorb moisture during the hygroscopic growth process, but it is difficult to characterize how much water is absorbed under different relative humidities (RHs). In this study, we propose a method to obtain the water content in the coatings based on the equivalent complex refractive index retrieved from optical properties. This method is verified from a theoretical perspective, and it performs well for thickly coated BC at high RHs.
Catherine Anne Toolan, Joe Adabouk Amooli, Laura J. Wilcox, Bjørn H. Samset, Andrew G. Turner, and Daniel M. Westervelt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3057, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3057, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores how well air pollution and rainfall patterns in Africa are represented in current climate models, by comparing model data to observations from 1981 to 2023. While most models capture seasonal air quality changes well, they struggle to replicate the distribution of non-dust pollutants and certain rainfall patterns, especially over east Africa. Improving these models is crucial for better climate predictions and preparing for future risks.
Mizuo Kajino, Kentaro Ishijima, Joseph Ching, Kazuyo Yamaji, Rio Ishikawa, Tomoki Kajikawa, Tanbir Singh, Tomoki Nakayama, Yutaka Matsumi, Koyo Kojima, Prabir K. Patra, and Sachiko Hayashida
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1811, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1811, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution in Delhi during post monsoon period is severe and association with intensive crop residue burning (CRB) over Punjab state has attracted attention. However, the relationship has been unclear as the CRB emissions conventionally derived from satellites were underestimated due to clouds and haze over the region. We evaluated the impact of CRB on PM2.5 as about 50 %, based on a combination of numerical modeling and high-density observation network using low-cost sensors we installed.
Zijun Li, Angela Buchholz, and Noora Hyttinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11717–11725, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Evaluating organosulfur (OS) hygroscopicity is important for assessing aerosol–cloud climate interactions in the post-fossil-fuel future, when SO2 emissions decrease and OS compounds become increasingly important. Here a state-of-the-art quantum-chemistry-based method was used to predict the hygroscopic growth factors (HGFs) of a group of atmospherically relevant OS compounds and their mixtures with (NH4)2SO4. A good agreement was observed between their model-estimated and experimental HGFs.
Jamie R. Banks, Bernd Heinold, and Kerstin Schepanski
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11451–11475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11451-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11451-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Aralkum is a new desert in Central Asia formed by the desiccation of the Aral Sea. This has created a source of atmospheric dust, with implications for the balance of solar and thermal radiation. Simulating these effects using a dust transport model, we find that Aralkum dust adds radiative cooling effects to the surface and atmosphere on average but also adds heating events. Increases in surface pressure due to Aralkum dust strengthen the Siberian High and weaken the summer Asian heat low.
Xinyue Shao, Minghuai Wang, Xinyi Dong, Yaman Liu, Wenxiang Shen, Stephen R. Arnold, Leighton A. Regayre, Meinrat O. Andreae, Mira L. Pöhlker, Duseong S. Jo, Man Yue, and Ken S. Carslaw
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11365–11389, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) play an important role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). By semi-explicitly coupling the chemical mechanism of HOMs and a comprehensive nucleation scheme in a global climate model, the updated model shows better agreement with measurements of nucleation rate, growth rate, and NPF event frequency. Our results reveal that HOM-driven NPF leads to a considerable increase in particle and cloud condensation nuclei burden globally.
Falei Xu, Shuang Wang, Yan Li, and Juan Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10689–10705, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affect dust activities in North China during the following spring. The results show that the NAO and ENSO, particularly in their negative phases, greatly influence dust activities. When both are negative, their combined effect on dust activities is even greater. This research highlights the importance of these climate patterns in predicting spring dust activities in North China.
Hengheng Zhang, Wei Huang, Xiaoli Shen, Ramakrishna Ramisetty, Junwei Song, Olga Kiseleva, Christopher Claus Holst, Basit Khan, Thomas Leisner, and Harald Saathoff
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10617–10637, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study unravels how stagnant winter conditions elevate aerosol levels in Stuttgart. Cloud cover at night plays a pivotal role, impacting morning air quality. Validating a key model, our findings aid accurate air quality predictions, crucial for effective pollution mitigation in urban areas.
Zixuan Jia, Massimo A. Bollasina, Wenjun Zhang, and Ying Xiang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2770, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using multi-model mean data from regional aerosol perturbation experiments, we find that increased Asian sulfate aerosols strengthen the link between ENSO and the East Asian winter monsoon. In coupled simulations, aerosol-induced broad cooling increases ENSO amplitude by affecting the tropical Pacific mean state, contributing to increase monsoon interannual variability. These results provide important implications to reduce uncertainties in future projections of regional extreme variability.
Giorgio Veratti, Alessandro Bigi, Michele Stortini, Sergio Teggi, and Grazia Ghermandi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10475–10512, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In a study of two consecutive winter seasons, we used measurements and modelling tools to identify the levels and sources of black carbon pollution in a medium-sized urban area of the Po Valley, Italy. Our findings show that biomass burning and traffic-related emissions (especially from Euro 4 diesel cars) significantly contribute to BC concentrations. This research offers crucial insights for policymakers and urban planners aiming to improve air quality in cities.
Steven Soon-Kai Kong, Joshua S. Fu, Neng-Huei Lin, Guey-Rong Sheu, and Wei-Syun Huang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2549, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2549, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The accuracy of the chemical transport model, a key focus of our research, is strongly dependent on the dry deposition parameterization. Our finding shows that the refined CMAQ dust model correlated well with the ground and high altitude in-situ measurements by implementing the suggested dry deposition schemes. Furthermore, we reveal the mixing state of two types of aerosols at the upper level, a finding supported by both the optimized model and measurement.
Pascal Lemaitre, Arnaud Quérel, Alexis Dépée, Alice Guerra Devigne, Marie Monier, Thibault Hiron, Chloé Soto Minguez, Daniel Hardy, and Andrea Flossmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9713–9732, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9713-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9713-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new in-cloud scavenging scheme is proposed. It is based on a microphysical model of cloud formation and may be applied to long-distance atmospheric transport models (> 100 km) and climatic models. This model is applied to the two most extreme precipitating cloud types in terms of both relative humidity and vertical extension: cumulonimbus and stratus.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Tuukka Petäjä, Máté Vörösmarty, Imre Salma, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, Dominik van Pinxteren, Thomas Tuch, Kay Weinhold, Zongbo Shi, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9515–9531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Different sources of airborne particles in the atmospheres of four European cities were distinguished by recognising their particle size distributions using a statistical procedure, positive matrix factorisation. The various sources responded differently to the changes in emissions associated with COVID-19 lockdowns, and the reasons are investigated. While traffic emissions generally decreased, particles formed from reactions of atmospheric gases decreased in some cities but increased in others.
Amy H. Peace, Ying Chen, George Jordan, Daniel G. Partridge, Florent Malavelle, Eliza Duncan, and Jim M. Haywood
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9533–9553, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9533-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9533-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural aerosols from volcanic eruptions can help us understand how anthropogenic aerosols modify climate. We use observations and model simulations of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption plume to examine aerosol–cloud interactions in September 2014. We find a shift to clouds with smaller, more numerous cloud droplets in the first 2 weeks of the eruption. In the third week, the background meteorology and previous conditions experienced by air masses modulate the aerosol perturbation to clouds.
Hua Lu, Min Xie, Bingliang Zhuang, Danyang Ma, Bojun Liu, Yangzhihao Zhan, Tijian Wang, Shu Li, Mengmeng Li, and Kuanguang Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8963–8982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8963-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8963-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To identify cloud, aerosol, and planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions from an air quality perspective, we summarized two pollution patterns characterized by denser liquid cloud and by obvious cloud radiation interaction (CRI). Numerical simulation experiments showed CRI could cause a 50 % reduction in aerosol radiation interaction (ARI) under a low-trough system. The results emphasized the nonnegligible role of CRI and its inhibition of ARI under wet and cloudy pollution synoptic patterns.
Huiyun Du, Jie Li, Xueshun Chen, Gabriele Curci, Fangqun Yu, Yele Sun, Xu Dao, Song Guo, Zhe Wang, Wenyi Yang, Lianfang Wei, and Zifa Wang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1432, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1432, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inadequate consideration of mixing state and coatings on BC hinders aerosol radiation forcing quantification. While core-shell mixing results match observations closely, partial internal mixing and coating are more realistic. The fraction of embedded BC and coating aerosols resolved by a microphysics module were used to constrain the mixing state. This led to a 30~43 % absorption enhancement decrease over Northern China, offering valuable insights for the assessment of BC's radiative effects.
Emilie Fons, Ann Kristin Naumann, David Neubauer, Theresa Lang, and Ulrike Lohmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8653–8675, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8653-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8653-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols can modify the liquid water path (LWP) of stratocumulus and, thus, their radiative effect. We compare storm-resolving model and satellite data that disagree on the sign of LWP adjustments and diagnose this discrepancy with causal inference. We find that strong precipitation, the absence of wet scavenging, and cloud deepening under a weak inversion contribute to positive LWP adjustments to aerosols in the model, despite weak negative effects from cloud-top entrainment enhancement.
Muhammed Irfan, Thomas Kühn, Taina Yli-Juuti, Anton Laakso, Eemeli Holopainen, Douglas R. Worsnop, Annele Virtanen, and Harri Kokkola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8489–8506, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8489-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8489-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study examines how the volatility of semi-volatile organic compounds affects secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and climate. Our simulations show that uncertainties in these volatilities influence aerosol mass and climate impacts. Accurate representation of these compounds in climate models is crucial for predicting global climate patterns.
Alkiviadis Kalisoras, Aristeidis K. Georgoulias, Dimitris Akritidis, Robert J. Allen, Vaishali Naik, Chaincy Kuo, Sophie Szopa, Pierre Nabat, Dirk Olivié, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, David Neubauer, Naga Oshima, Jane Mulcahy, Larry W. Horowitz, and Prodromos Zanis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7837–7872, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Effective radiative forcing (ERF) is a metric for estimating how human activities and natural agents change the energy flow into and out of the Earth’s climate system. We investigate the anthropogenic aerosol ERF, and we estimate the contribution of individual processes to the total ERF using simulations from Earth system models within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Our findings highlight that aerosol–cloud interactions drive ERF variability during the last 150 years.
Cited articles
Abish, B. and Mohanakumar, K.: Absorbing aerosol variability over the Indian
subcontinent and its increasing dependence on ENSO, Glob. Planet. Change,
106, 13–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.02.007, 2013.
AERONET: Aerosol Robotic network [dataset], available at: https://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/, last access: 31 August 2020.
Albani, S., Mahowald, N. M., Perry, A. T., Scanza, R. A., Heavens, N. G.,
Zender, C. S., Maggi, V., Kok, J. F., and Otto-Bliesner, B. L.: Improved
dust representation in the Community Atmosphere Model. J. Adv. Model. Earth
Syst., 6, 541–570, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013MS000279, 2014.
Annamalai, H., Taguchi, B., McCreary, J. P., Nagura, M., and Miyama, T.:
Systematic errors in South Asian monsoon simulation: Importance of
equatorial Indian Ocean processes, J. Clim., 30, 8159–8178,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0573.1, 2017.
Ashok, K., Guan, Z., and Yamagata, T.: Impact of the Indian Ocean dipole on
the relationship between the Indian monsoon rainfall and ENSO, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 28, 4499–4502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013294, 2001.
Ashok, K., Guan, Z., Saji, N. H., and Yamagata, T.: Individual and combined
influences of ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole on the Indian Summer Monsoon,
J. Climate, 17, 3141–3155,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3141:IACIOE>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Ashok, K., Behera, S. K., Rao, S. A., Weng, H. Y., and Yamagata, T.: El
Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean.,
112, C11007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003798, 2007.
Ashouri, H., Hsu, K., Sorooshian, S., Braithwaite, D. K., Knapp, K. R.,
Cecil, L. D., Nelson, B. R., and Pratt, O. P.: PERSIANN-CDR: daily
precipitation climate data record from multisatellite observations for
hydrological and climate studies, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 69–83,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00068.1, 2015.
Barlow, M., Heidi, C., and Bradfield, L.: Drought in Central and Southwest
Asia: La Ninã, the Warm Pool, and Indian Ocean Precipitation, J.
Climate, 15, 697–700, 2002.
Banerjee, P. and Kumar, S. P.: ENSO Modulation of Interannual Variability
of Dust Aerosols over the Northwest Indian Ocean, J. Clim., 29,
1287–1303, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0039.1, 2016.
Banerjee, P., Satheesh, S. K., Krishnamoorthy, K., Nanjundiah, R. S., and
Nair, V. S.: Long-Range Transport of Mineral Dust to the Northeast Indian
Ocean: Regional versus Remote Sources and the Implications, J. Clim., 32,
1525–1549, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0403.1, 2019.
Bjerknes, J.: Atlantic air-sea interaction, Adv. Geophys., 10, 1–82
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60005-9, 1964.
Bollasina, M. A., Ming, Y., and Ramaswamy, V.: Anthropogenic aerosols and
the weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon, Science, 334, 502–505,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204994, 2011.
Boos, W. R. and Hurley, J. V.: Thermodynamic Bias in the Multimodel Mean
Boreal Summer Monsoon, J. Clim., 26, 2279–2287,
https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00493.1, 2013.
Borah, P. J., Venugopal, V., Sukhatme, J., Muddevihal, P., and Goswami, B.
N.: Indian monsoon derailed by
a North Atlantic wavetrain, Science, 370, 1335–1338, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay6043, 2020.
Capelle, V., Chédin, A., Pondrom, M., Crevoisier, C., Armante, R.,
Crepeau, L., and Scott, N.: Infrared dust aerosol optical depth retrieved
daily from IASI and comparison with AERONET over the period 2007–2016,
Remote Sens. Environ., 206, 15–32,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.12.008, 2018.
Chang, C., Harr, P., and Ju, J.: Possible Roles of Atlantic Circulations on
the Weakening Indian Monsoon Rainfall–ENSO Relationship, J. Clim., 14,
2376–2380, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2376:PROACO>2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Chattopadhyay, R., Phani, R., Sabeerali, C. T., Dhakate, A. R., Salunke, K.
D., Mahapatra, S., Suryachandra Rao, A., and Goswami, B. N.: Influence of
extratropical sea-surface temperature on the Indian summer monsoon: An
unexplored source of seasonal predictability, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,
141, 2760–2775, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2562, 2015.
Delworth, T. L., Zeng, F., Vecchi, G. A., Yang, X., Zhang, L., and Zhang,
R.: The North Atlantic Oscillation as a driver of rapid climate change in
the Northern Hemisphere, Nat. Geosci., 9, 509–513,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2738, 2016.
Deser, C., Guo, R., and Lehner, F.: The relative contributions of tropical
Pacific sea surface temperatures and atmospheric internal variability to the
recent global warming hiatus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7945–7954,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074273, 2017a.
Deser, C., Hurrell, J. W., and Phillips, A.S.: The role of the North
Atlantic Oscillation in European climate projections, Clim. Dynam., 49,
3141–3157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3502-z, 2017b.
Deepshikha, S., Satheesh, S. K., and Srinivasan, J.: Dust aerosols over India and adjacent continents retrieved using METEOSAT infrared radiance
Part II: quantification of wind dependence and estimation of radiative forcing, Ann. Geophys., 24, 63–79, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-63-2006, 2006.
England, M. H., McGregor, S., Spence, P., Meehl, G. A., Timmermann, A., Cai,
W., Gupta, A. S., McPhaden, M. J., Purich, A., and Santoso, A.: Recent
intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the on-going
warming hiatus, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 222–227,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2106, 2014.
Feng, S. and Hu, Q.: How the North Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation may
have influenced the Indian summer monsoon during the past two millennia?,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032484, 2008.
Folland, C. K., Knight, J., Linderholm, H. W., Fereday, D., Ineson, S., and
Hurrell, J. W.: The summer North Atlantic Oscillation: past, present, and
future, J. Clim., 22, 1082–1103, 2009.
Gao, M., Sherman, P., Song, S., Yu, Y., Wu, Z., and McElroy, M. B.: Seasonal
prediction of Indian wintertime aerosol pollution using the ocean memory
effect, Sci. Adv., 5, eaav4157, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4157,
2019.
Gao, Y., Wang, H. J., and Chen, D.: Interdecadal variations of the South
Asian summer monsoon circulation variability and the associated sea surface
temperatures on interannual scales, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 34, 816–832,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-6246-8, 2017.
Gastineau, G. and Frankignoul, C.: Influence of the North Atlantic SST
Variability on the Atmospheric Circulation during the Twentieth Century, J.
Clim., 28, 1396–1416, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00424.1, 2015.
Ginoux, P., Prospero, J. M., Gill, T. E., Hsu, N. C., and Zhao, M.:
Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their
emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products, Rev. Geophys., 50,
RG3005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012RG000388, 2012.
Goswami, B. N., Madhusoodanan, M., Neema, C., and Sengupta, D.: A physical
mechanism for North Atlantic SST influence on the Indian summer monsoon,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024803, 2006.
Han, Z., Luo, F. F., and Wan, J. H.: The observational influence of the North
Atlantic SST tripole on the early spring atmospheric circulation, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 43, 2998–3003, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068099, 2016.
Hanf, F. S. and Annamalai, H.: Systematic Errors in South Asian Monsoon
Precipitation: Process-Based Diagnostics and Sensitivity to Entrainment in
NCAR Models, J. Clim., 33, 2817–2840,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0495.1, 2020.
Hirahara, S., Ishii, M., and Fukuda, Y.: Centennial-scale sea surface
temperature analysis and its uncertainty, J. Clim., 27, 57–75,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00837.1, 2014.
Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S. C., King, M. D., and Herman, J. R.: Aerosol Properties
over Bright-Reflecting Source Regions, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 42, 557–569,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.824067, 2004.
Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S.-C., King, M. D., and Herman, J. R.: Deep Blue
retrievals of Asian aerosol properties during ACE-Asia, IEEE T. Geosci.
Remote Sens., 44, 3180–3195, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.879540,
2006.
Hu, S. and Fedorov, A. V.: The extreme El Niño of 2015–2016 and the end
of global warming hiatus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 3816–3824,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072908, 2017.
Huang B., Thorne, P. W., Banzon, V. F., Boyer, T., Chepurin, G., Lawrimore,
J. H., Menne, M. J., Smith, T. M., Vose, R. S., and Zhang, H-M.: Extended
Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades,
Validations, and Intercomparisons, J. Clim., 30, 8179–8205, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1, 2017.
Huang, X., Zhou, T., Turner, A., Dai, A., Chen, X., Clark, R., and Zou, L.:
The Recent Decline and Recovery of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: Relative
Roles of External Forcing and Internal Variability, J. Clim., 33,
5035–5060, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0833.1, 2020.
Huffman, G. J., Alder, R. F., Arkin, P., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Gruber, A.,
Janowiak, J., McNab, A., Rudolf, B., and Schneider, U.: The Global
Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Combined Precipitation Dataset, B.
Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 5–20,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0005:TGPCPG>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Hurrell, J. W.: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic oscillation: Regional
temperatures and precipitation, Science, 269, 676–679,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5224.676, 1995.
Hurrell, J. W. and Deser C.: North Atlantic climate variability: the role
of the North Atlantic Oscillation, J. Mar. Syst., 78, 28–41,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.026, 2009.
Hurrell, J. W., Hack, J. J., Shea, D., Caron, J. M., and Rosinski, J.: A New
Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Boundary Dataset for the Community
Atmosphere Model, J. Clim., 21, 5145–5153,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2292.1, 2008.
Hurrell, J. W., Holland, M. M., Gent, P. R., Ghan, S., Kay, J. E., Kushner, P. J., amarque, J. F., Large, W. G., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K., Lipscomb, W. H., Long, M. C., Mahowald, N., Marsh, D. R., Neale, R. B., Rasch, P., Vavrus, S., Vertenstein,
M., Bader, D., Collins, W. D., Hack, J. J., Kiehl, J. T., and Marshall, S.: The community earth system model: A framework for collaborative research, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1339–1360,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-12-00121.1, 2013.
Iles, C. and Hegerl, G.: Role of the North Atlantic Oscillation in decadal
temperature trends, Environ. Res. Lett., 12, 114010,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9152, 2017.
Jin, Q. and Wang, C.: The greening of Northwest Indian subcontinent and
reduction of dust abundance resulting from Indian summer monsoon revival,
Sci. Rep., 8, 4573, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23055-5, 2018.
Jin, Q., Wei, J., and Yang, Z.-L.: Positive response of Indian summer
rainfall to Middle East dust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 4068–4074,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059980, 2014.
Jin, Q., Wei, J., Pu, B., Yang, Z. L., and Parajuli, S. P.: High summertime
aerosol loadings over the Arabian Sea and their transport pathways, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 10568–10590,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028588, 2018.
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collines, W., Deaven, D., Gandin,
L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A.,
Reynolds, R., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K.
C., Ropelewski, C., and Wang, J.: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project,
B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437–471, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:Tnyrp>2.0.Co;2, 1996.
Kim, M.-K., Lau, W. K. M., Kim, K.-M., Sang, J., Kim, Y.-H., and Lee, W.-S.:
Amplification of ENSO effects on Indian summer monsoon by absorbing
aerosols, Clim. Dynam., 46, 2657–2671,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2722-y, 2016.
Kinter III, J., Miyakoda, K., and Yang, S.: Recent change in the connection
from the Asian monsoon to ENSO, J. Clim., 15, 1203–1215,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1203:RCITCF>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Kosaka, Y. and Xie, S. P.: Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial
Pacific surface cooling, Nature, 501, 403–407,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12534, 2013.
Kosaka, Y. and Xie , S. P.: The tropical Pacific as a key pacemaker of the
variable rates of global warming, Nat. Geosci., 9,
669–673, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2770, 2016.
Krishnamurthy, L. and Krishnamurthy, V.: Teleconnections of Indian monsoon
rainfall with AMO and Atlantic tripole, Clim. Dynam., 46, 2269–2285,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2701-3, 2015.
Kucharski, F., Bracco, A., Yoo, J. H., and Molteni, F.: Low-frequency
variability of the Indian monsoon – ENSO relation and the Tropical
Atlantic: the “weakening” of the '80s and '90s, J. Clim., 20,
4255–4266, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4254.1, 2007.
Kucharski, F., Bracco, A., Yoo, J. H., and Molteni, F.: Atlantic forced
component of the Indian monsoon interannual variability, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 35, L04706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL033037, 2008.
Kumar, K. K., Rajagopalan, B., and Cane, K. A.: On the weakening
relationship between the Indian Monsoon and ENSO, Science, 284, 2156–2159,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5423.2156, 1999.
Kumar, K. K., Rajagopalan, B., Hoerling, M., Bates, G., and Cane, M. A.:
Unraveling the mystery of Indian monsoon failure during El Niño,
Science, 314, 115–119, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131152, 2006.
Lee, T. and McPhaden, M. J.: Increasing intensity of El Niño in the
central-equatorial Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14603,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044007, 2010.
Liu, W., Fedorov, A. V., Xie, S. P., and Hu, S.: Climate impacts of a
weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate,
Sci. Adv., 6, eaaz4876, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz4876, 2020.
Mahowald, N. M., Muhs, D. R., Levis, S., Rasch, P. J., Yoshioka, M., Zender,
C. S., and Luo, C.: Change in atmospheric mineral aerosols in response to
climate: Last glacial period, preindustrial, modern, and doubled carbon
dioxide climates, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D10202,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006653, 2006.
Mariotti, A., Zeng, N., and Lau, K.-M.: Euro-Mediterranean rainfall and ENSO
– a seasonally varying relationship, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1621–1625,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014248, 2002.
Marticorena, B. and Bergametti, G.: Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle.1.
Design of a soil-derived emission scheme, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100,
16415–16430, 1995.
Mohtadi, M., Prange, M., Oppo, D.W., De Pol-Holz, R., Merkel, U., Zhang, X.,
Steinke, S., and Lückge, A.: North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian
Ocean climate, Nature, 509, 76–80, 2014.
NCAR: Gridded Climate Datasets, available at: https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/, last access: 29 July 2019.
Neale, R. B., Richter, J. H., Conley, A. J., Park, S., Lauritzen, P. H., and
Gettleman, A.: Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 4.0),
NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-485+STR, 212 pp., available at:
http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/ccsm4.0/cam/docs/description/cam4_desc.pdf (last access: 18 September 2020), 2010.
Notaro, M., Yu, Y., and Kalashnikova, O. V.: Regime shift in Arabian dust
activity, triggered by persistent fertile crescent drought, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 120, 10229–10249, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023855, 2015.
Osborne, J. M., Collins, M., Screen, J. A., Thomson, S. I., and Dunstone,
N.: The North Atlantic as a Driver of Summer Atmospheric Circulation, J.
Clim., 33, 7335–7351, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0423.1, 2020.
Ossó, A., Sutton, R., Shaffrey, L., and Dong, B.: Observational evidence
of European summer weather patterns predictable from spring, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 59–63, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713146114, 2018.
Ossó, A., Sutton, R., Shaffrey, L., and Dong, B.: Development,
Amplification, and Decay of Atlantic/European Summer Weather Patterns Linked
to Spring North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures, J. Clim., 33,
5939–5951, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0613.1, 2020.
Pandey, S. K., Vinoj, V., Landu, K., and Babu, S. S.: Declining pre-monsoon
dust loading over South Asia: Signature of a changing regional climate, Sci.
Rep., 7, 16062, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16338-w, 2017.
Pandithurai, G., Dipu, S., Dani, K. K., Tiwari, S., Bisht, D. S., Devara, P.
C. S., and Pinker, R. T.: Aerosol radiative forcing during dust events over
New Delhi, India, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D13209,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009804, 2008.
Pourmand, A., Marcantonio, F., and Schulz, H.: Variations in productivity
and eolian fluxes in the northeastern Arabian Sea during the past 110 ka,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 221, 39–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00109-8,
2004.
Pu, B. and Ginoux, P.: The impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on
springtime dust activity in Syria, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13431–13448,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13431-2016, 2016.
Pu, B. and Ginoux, P.: How reliable are CMIP5 models in simulating dust
optical depth?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12491–12510,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12491-2018, 2018.
Rajeevan, M. and Sridhar, L.: Inter-annual relationship between Atlantic
sea surface temperature anomalies and Indian summer monsoon, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 35, L21704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036025, 2008.
Ramanathan, V., Chung, C., Kim, D., Bettge, T., Buja, L., Kiehl, J. T.,
Washington, W. M., Fu, Q., Sikka, D. R., and Wild, M.: Atmospheric brown
clouds: Impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 5326–5333, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0500656102,
2005.
Rasmusson, E. M. and Carpenter, T. H.: The relationship between eastern
equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures and rainfall over India and Sri
Lanka, Mon. Weather Rev., 111, 517–528, 1983.
Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L.
V., Rowell, D. P., Kent, E. C., and Kaplan, A.: Global analyses of sea
surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the
late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4407,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002670, 2003.
Reynolds, R. W., Rayner, N. A., Smith, T. M., Stokes, D. C., and Wang, W.:
An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate, J. Clim., 15,
1609–1625, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:AIISAS>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Rodwell, M. J., Rowell, D. P., and Folland, C. K.: Oceanic forcing of the
wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation and European climate, Nature, 398,
320–323, https://doi.org/10.1038/18648, 1999.
Sabeerali, C. T., Ajayamohan, R. S., Bangalath, H. K., and Chen, N.:
Atlantic Zonal Mode: an emerging source of Indian summer monsoon variability
in a warming world, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 4460–4464,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082379, 2019.
Safaierad, R., Mohtadi, M., Zolitschka, B., Yokoyama, Y., Vogt, C.,
and Schefuß, E.: Elevated dust depositions in West Asia linked to
ocean–atmosphere shifts during North Atlantic cold events, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 18272–18277, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004071117, 2020.
Sanap, S. D., Ayantika, D. C., Pandithurai, G., and Niranjan, K.: Assessment
of the aerosol distribution over Indian subcontinent in CMIP5 models, Atmos.
Environ., 87, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.017,
2014.
Satheesh, S. K. and Ramanathan, V.: Large differences in tropical aerosol
forcing at the top of the atmosphere and Earth's surface, Nature, 405,
60–63, 2000.
Sikka, D. R.: Some aspects of the large scale fluctuations of summer monsoon
rainfall over India in relation to fluctuations in the planetary and
regional scale circulation parameters, P. Ind. Acad. Sci., 89, 179–195, 1980.
Solmon, F., Nair, V. S., and Mallet, M.: Increasing Arabian dust activity
and the Indian summer monsoon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8051–8064,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8051-2015, 2015.
Sperber, K. R., Annamalai, H., Kang, I.-S., Kitoh, A., Moise, A., Turner,
A., Wang, B., and Zhou, T.: The Asian summer monsoon: an intercomparison of
CMIP5 vs. CMIP3 simulations of the late 20th century, Clim. Dynam., 41,
2711–2744, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1607-6, 2013.
Srivastava, A. K., Rajeevan, M., and Kulkarni, R.: Teleconnection of OLR and
SST anomalies over Atlantic Ocean with Indian summer monsoon, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 29, 1284, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013837, 2002.
Srivastava, G., Chakraborty, A., and Nanjundiah, R.S.: Multidecadal see-saw
of the impact of ENSO on Indian and West African summer monsoon rainfall,
Clim. Dynam., 52, 6633–6649, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4535-2, 2019.
Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K.,
Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M.: Climate
Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to
the Fifth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate
Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Sun, J. Q., Wang, H. J., and Yuan, W.: Role of the tropical Atlantic sea
surface temperature in the decadal change of the summer North Atlantic
Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D20110,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012395, 2009.
Trenberth, K. E. and Fasullo, J. T.: An apparent hiatus in global warming?,
Earth's Future, 1, 19–32, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EF000165, 2013.
Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., Branstator, G., and Phillips, A. S.:
Seasonal aspects of the recent pause in surface warming, Nat. Clim. Change,
4, 911–916, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2341, 2014.
Thompson, L. G., Yao, T., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M. E., Henderson, K.
A., and Lin, P. N.: A high-resolution millennial record of the South Asian
Monsoon from Himalayan ice cores, Science, 289, 1916–1919, 2000.
Vinoj, V., Rasch, P., Wang, H., Yoon, J., Ma, P., Landu, K., and Singh, B.:
Short-term modulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by West Asian dust,
Nat. Geosci., 7, 308–313, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2107, 2014.
Visbeck, M., Cullen, H., Krahmann, G., and Naik, N.: An ocean model's
response to North Atlantic Oscillation-like wind forcing, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 25, 4521–4524, 1998.
Visbeck, M. H., Hurrell, J. W., Polvani, L., and Cullen, H. M.: The North
Atlantic Oscillation: past, present and future, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98,
12876–12877, 2001.
Walker, A. L., Liu, M., Miller, S. D., Richardson, K. A., and Westphal, D.
L.: Development of a dust source database for mesoscale forecasting in
southwest Asia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D18207,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011541, 2009.
Wang, B., Xiang, B., Li, J., Webster, P. J., Rajeevan, M. N., Liu, J., and
Ha, K.-J.: Rethinking Indian monsoon rainfall prediction in the context of
recent global warming, Nat. Commun., 6, 7154,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8154, 2015.
Wulff, C. O., Greatbatch, R. J., Domeisen, D. I. V., Gollan, G., and Hansen,
F.: Tropical forcing of the summer east Atlantic pattern, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 44, 11166–11173, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075493, 2017.
Xie, S.-P. and Kosaka, Y.: What caused the global surface warming hiatus of
1998–2013?, Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 3, 128–140,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0063-0, 2017.
Yeh, S.-W., Kug, J.-S., Dewitte, B., Kwon, M.-H., Kirtman, B.P., and Jin,
F.-F.: El Niño in a changing climate, Nature, 461, 511–514, 2009.
Yu, Y., Notaro, M., Liu, Z., Wang, F., Alkolibi, F., Fadda, E., and Bakhrjy,
F.: Climatic controls on the interannual to decadal variability in Saudi
Arabian dust activity: toward the development of a seasonal dust prediction
model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 1739–1758,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022611, 2015.
Zender, C. S., Bian, H., and Newman, D.: Mineral Dust Entrainment and
Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 108, 4416, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002775, 2003a.
Zender, C. S., Newman, D., and Torres, O.: Spatial heterogeneity in aeolian
erodibility: uniform, topographic, geomorphic and hydrologic hypotheses, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4543, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003039, 2003b.
Zhang, R. and Delworth, T. L.: Impact of Atlantic multidecadal oscillations
on India/Sahel rainfall and Atlantic hurricanes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
L17712, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026267, 2006.
Zhu, A., Ramanathan, V., Li, F., and Kim, D.: Dust plumes over the Pacific,
Indian, and Atlantic oceans: climatology and radiative impact, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 112, D16208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008427, 2007.
Short summary
We show that the Atlantic Ocean is the major driver of interannual variability in dust over South Asia since the second decade of the 21st century. This is a shift from the previously important role played by the Pacific Ocean in controlling dust over this region. Following the end of the recent global warming hiatus, anomalies of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature have remotely invoked a weakening of the South Asian monsoon and a strengthening of the dust-bearing northwesterlies.
We show that the Atlantic Ocean is the major driver of interannual variability in dust over...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint