Articles | Volume 21, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14893-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14893-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Oct 2021
Research article |
| 07 Oct 2021
| 07 Oct 2021
Characterization of non-refractory (NR) PM1 and source apportionment of organic aerosol in Kraków, Poland
Anna K. Tobler
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Datalystica Ltd., Park innovAARE, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland
Alicja Skiba
Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics and
Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków,
Poland
Francesco Canonaco
Datalystica Ltd., Park innovAARE, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland
Griša Močnik
Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana,
Slovenia
Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica,
Ajdovščina, Slovenia
Pragati Rai
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Gang Chen
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Jakub Bartyzel
Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics and
Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków,
Poland
Miroslaw Zimnoch
Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics and
Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków,
Poland
Katarzyna Styszko
Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Jaroslaw Nęcki
Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics and
Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków,
Poland
Markus Furger
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Kazimierz Różański
Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics and
Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków,
Poland
Urs Baltensperger
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Jay G. Slowik
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Andre S. H. Prevot
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
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Cited
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Determination of PM1 Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra O. Makeš et al. 10.3390/atmos13010020
- European aerosol phenomenology − 8: Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets G. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107325
- Organic aerosol sources in Krakow, Poland, before implementation of a solid fuel residential heating ban R. Casotto et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158655
- Two-year-long high-time-resolution apportionment of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols in the Los Angeles Basin using an advanced total carbon–black carbon (TC-BC(λ)) method M. Ivančič et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157606
- Investigation of four-year chemical composition and organic aerosol sources of submicron particles at the ATOLL site in northern France H. Chebaicheb et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121805
- Impacts of biomass burning and photochemical processing on the light absorption of brown carbon in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau J. Tian et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1879-2023
- Organic aerosol source apportionment by using rolling positive matrix factorization: Application to a Mediterranean coastal city B. Chazeau et al. 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100176
- Highly oxidized organic aerosols in Beijing: Possible contribution of aqueous-phase chemistry Z. Feng et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118971
- Yearly Variations of Equivalent Black Carbon Concentrations Observed in Krakow, Poland A. Ryś & L. Samek 10.3390/atmos13040539
- Assessment of Carbonaceous Aerosol Properties across an Urban Environment during the Cold Season J. Pauraite et al. 10.3390/atmos14071054
- Black Carbon Emissions, Transport and Effect on Radiation Forcing Modelling during the Summer 2019–2020 Wildfires in Southeast Australia H. Duc et al. 10.3390/atmos14040699
- Combined organic and inorganic source apportionment on yearlong ToF-ACSM dataset at a suburban station in Athens O. Zografou et al. 10.5194/amt-15-4675-2022
- A 1-year aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) source analysis of organic aerosol particle contributions from anthropogenic sources after long-range transport at the TROPOS research station Melpitz S. Atabakhsh et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6963-2023
- Seasonal observation and source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosol from forested rural site (Lithuania) A. Masalaite et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118934
- Chemical composition of NR-PM1 in a coastal city of Southeast China: Temporal variations and formation pathways Y. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119243
- Graduation Towers Impact on the Concentration and Chemical Composition of Ambient Aerosol: A Case Study from Wieliczka Salt Mine in Poland W. Rogula-Kozłowska et al. 10.3390/atmos13101576
- Integrated personal exposure and deposition of black carbon on human lungs A. Khan et al. 10.1007/s11869-023-01428-8
- Spatiotemporal Analysis of Black Carbon Sources: Case of Santiago, Chile, under SARS-CoV-2 Lockdowns C. Adasme et al. 10.3390/ijerph192417064
- The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe M. Savadkoohi et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081
- Composition and sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the European Arctic at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard (2017 to 2020) K. Yttri et al. 10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024
- Real-Time Source Apportionment of Organic Aerosols in Three European Cities G. Chen et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c02509
- Source attribution of carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter in the urban atmosphere based on chemical and carbon isotope composition A. Skiba et al. 10.1038/s41598-024-57829-x
- Characterization of non-refractory (NR) PM<sub>1</sub> and source apportionment of organic aerosol in Kraków, Poland A. Tobler et al. 10.5194/acp-21-14893-2021
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Determination of PM1 Sources at a Prague Background Site during the 2012–2013 Period Using PMF Analysis of Combined Aerosol Mass Spectra O. Makeš et al. 10.3390/atmos13010020
- European aerosol phenomenology − 8: Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets G. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107325
- Organic aerosol sources in Krakow, Poland, before implementation of a solid fuel residential heating ban R. Casotto et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158655
- Two-year-long high-time-resolution apportionment of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols in the Los Angeles Basin using an advanced total carbon–black carbon (TC-BC(λ)) method M. Ivančič et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157606
- Investigation of four-year chemical composition and organic aerosol sources of submicron particles at the ATOLL site in northern France H. Chebaicheb et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121805
- Impacts of biomass burning and photochemical processing on the light absorption of brown carbon in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau J. Tian et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1879-2023
- Organic aerosol source apportionment by using rolling positive matrix factorization: Application to a Mediterranean coastal city B. Chazeau et al. 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100176
- Highly oxidized organic aerosols in Beijing: Possible contribution of aqueous-phase chemistry Z. Feng et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118971
- Yearly Variations of Equivalent Black Carbon Concentrations Observed in Krakow, Poland A. Ryś & L. Samek 10.3390/atmos13040539
- Assessment of Carbonaceous Aerosol Properties across an Urban Environment during the Cold Season J. Pauraite et al. 10.3390/atmos14071054
- Black Carbon Emissions, Transport and Effect on Radiation Forcing Modelling during the Summer 2019–2020 Wildfires in Southeast Australia H. Duc et al. 10.3390/atmos14040699
- Combined organic and inorganic source apportionment on yearlong ToF-ACSM dataset at a suburban station in Athens O. Zografou et al. 10.5194/amt-15-4675-2022
- A 1-year aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) source analysis of organic aerosol particle contributions from anthropogenic sources after long-range transport at the TROPOS research station Melpitz S. Atabakhsh et al. 10.5194/acp-23-6963-2023
- Seasonal observation and source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosol from forested rural site (Lithuania) A. Masalaite et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118934
- Chemical composition of NR-PM1 in a coastal city of Southeast China: Temporal variations and formation pathways Y. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119243
- Graduation Towers Impact on the Concentration and Chemical Composition of Ambient Aerosol: A Case Study from Wieliczka Salt Mine in Poland W. Rogula-Kozłowska et al. 10.3390/atmos13101576
- Integrated personal exposure and deposition of black carbon on human lungs A. Khan et al. 10.1007/s11869-023-01428-8
- Spatiotemporal Analysis of Black Carbon Sources: Case of Santiago, Chile, under SARS-CoV-2 Lockdowns C. Adasme et al. 10.3390/ijerph192417064
- The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe M. Savadkoohi et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081
- Composition and sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the European Arctic at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard (2017 to 2020) K. Yttri et al. 10.5194/acp-24-2731-2024
- Real-Time Source Apportionment of Organic Aerosols in Three European Cities G. Chen et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c02509
- Source attribution of carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter in the urban atmosphere based on chemical and carbon isotope composition A. Skiba et al. 10.1038/s41598-024-57829-x
Latest update: 19 Apr 2024
Short summary
Kraków is among the cities with the highest particulate matter levels within Europe. We conducted long-term and highly time-resolved measurements of the chemical composition of submicron particlulate matter (PM1). Combined with advanced source apportionment techniques, which allow for time-dependent factor profiles, our results elucidate that traffic and residential heating (biomass burning and coal combustion) as well as oxygenated organic aerosol are the key PM sources in Kraków.
Kraków is among the cities with the highest particulate matter levels within Europe. We...
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