Articles | Volume 20, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8923-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8923-2020
Research article
 | 
28 Jul 2020
Research article |  | 28 Jul 2020

Statistical response of middle atmosphere composition to solar proton events in WACCM-D simulations: the importance of lower ionospheric chemistry

Niilo Kalakoski, Pekka T. Verronen, Annika Seppälä, Monika E. Szeląg, Antti Kero, and Daniel R. Marsh

Viewed

Total article views: 2,647 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
1,804 707 136 2,647 138 151
  • HTML: 1,804
  • PDF: 707
  • XML: 136
  • Total: 2,647
  • BibTeX: 138
  • EndNote: 151
Views and downloads (calculated since 17 Jan 2020)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 17 Jan 2020)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 2,647 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,587 with geography defined and 60 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 

Cited

Latest update: 30 Jun 2025
Download
Short summary
Effects of solar proton events (SPEs) on middle atmosphere chemistry were studied using the WACCM-D chemistry–climate model, including an improved representation of lower ionosphere ion chemistry. This study includes 66 events in the years 1989–2012 and uses a statistical approach to determine the impact of the improved chemistry scheme. The differences shown highlight the importance of ion chemistry in models used to study energetic particle precipitation.
Share
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint