School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
Haoyao Sun
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
Wenhuai Song
Yale – NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Fang Cao
Yale – NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Chongguo Tian
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
Yale – NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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2,147
1,392
75
3,614
376
83
167
HTML: 2,147
PDF: 1,392
XML: 75
Total: 3,614
Supplement: 376
BibTeX: 83
EndNote: 167
Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Apr 2020)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Apr 2020)
Total article views: 2,474 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
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Total
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EndNote
1,811
605
58
2,474
212
62
148
HTML: 1,811
PDF: 605
XML: 58
Total: 2,474
Supplement: 212
BibTeX: 62
EndNote: 148
Views and downloads (calculated since 27 Nov 2020)
Cumulative views and downloads
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Total article views: 1,140 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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336
787
17
1,140
164
21
19
HTML: 336
PDF: 787
XML: 17
Total: 1,140
Supplement: 164
BibTeX: 21
EndNote: 19
Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Apr 2020)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Apr 2020)
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 3,614 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,614 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,474 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,474 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,140 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,118 with geography defined
and 22 with unknown origin.
This study found environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are widely present in atmospheric particles of different particle sizes and exhibit significant particle size distribution characteristics. EPFR concentrations are higher in coarse particles than in fine particles in summer and vice versa in winter. The potential toxicity caused by EPFRs may also vary with particle size and season. Combustion is the most important source of EPFRs (>70 %).
This study found environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are widely present in...
