Articles | Volume 20, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14407-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14407-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 27 Nov 2020
| 27 Nov 2020
Size-resolved exposure risk of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in atmospheric aerosols and their potential sources
Qingcai Chen
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
Haoyao Sun
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
Wenhuai Song
Yale – NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Fang Cao
Yale – NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Chongguo Tian
Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
Yan-Lin Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Yale – NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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- Spatial distribution, pollution characterization, and risk assessment of environmentally persistent free radicals in urban road dust from central China W. Feng et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118861
- Outdoor Health Risk of Atmospheric Particulate Matter at Night in Xi’an, Northwestern China D. Ainur et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c02670
- Pollution characteristics and oxidative potential of atmospheric particles at a typical rural area: A case study during the Chinese Lunar New Year S. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2024.102251
- Environmentally persistent free radicals in indoor particulate matter, dust, and on surfaces A. Filippi et al. 10.1039/D1EA00075F
- Residential Wood Burning and Vehicle Emissions as Major Sources of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Fairbanks, Alaska K. Edwards et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c01206
- Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals and their risks for human health: a review X. Wang et al. 10.1007/s10311-024-01701-x
- Wildfire particulate matter as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species T. Fang et al. 10.1039/D2EA00170E
- Atmospheric evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in the rural North China Plain: effects on water solubility and PM2.5 oxidative potential X. Yang et al. 10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024
- Environmentally persistent free radicals from residential raw coal combustion and association with chemical components K. Xiao et al. 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100346
- Characteristics and Potential Inhalation Exposure Risks of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Solid Fuel Combustion Particles in High Lung Cancer Incidence Area, China K. Xiao et al. 10.3390/atmos12111467
- Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, and Oxidative Potential of Highway PM2.5 B. Hwang et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00135
- Air pollution in the operating room: A case study of characteristics of airborne particles, PAHs and environmentally persistent free radicals X. Yu et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2021.101257
- Overview of the Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) Field Experiment W. Simpson et al. 10.1021/acsestair.3c00076
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- Comparative 6+studies of environmentally persistent free radicals on nano-sized coal dusts S. Azam et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163163
- Novel Chemical Routes for Carbon Dioxide and Methane Production from Lignin Photodegradation: The Role of Environmental Free Radicals Y. Deng et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c03414
- Airborne environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM2.5 from combustion sources: Abundance, cytotoxicity and potential exposure risks Z. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172202
- Seasonal variations and sources of atmospheric EPFRs in a megacity in severe cold region: Implications for the influence of strong coal and biomass combustion S. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119067
- Environmentally persistent free radicals readily form on TiO2 but not on ZnO nanoparticles E. Vejerano & J. Ahn 10.1039/D4EN00500G
- Size-resolved exposure risk and subsequent role of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) from atmospheric particles Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119059
- Size-resolved environmentally persistent free radicals in cold region atmosphere: Implications for inhalation exposure risk S. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130263
- The overlooked formation of environmentally persistent free radicals on particulate matter collected from biomass burning under light irradiation H. Guo et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107668
- Pollution characteristics and light-driven evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in PM2.5 in two typical northern cities of China J. Ai et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131466
- Source apportionment of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and heavy metals in size fractions of urban arterial road dust W. Feng et al. 10.1016/j.psep.2021.11.039
- Scientific and regulatory challenges of environmentally persistent free radicals: From formation theory to risk prevention strategies Y. Xu et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131674
- Incomplete solid fuel burning as the major emission source of atmospheric phenols and environmentally persistent free radicals A. Cheng et al. 10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131735
- Distribution of environmentally persistent free radicals in size-segregated PMs emitted from residential biomass fuel combustion J. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130956
- Measurement report: Impact of emission control measures on environmental persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species – a short-term case study in Beijing Y. Qin et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Characteristics and sources of environmentally persistent free radicals in PM2.5 in Dalian, Northeast China: correlation with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Z. Li et al. 10.1007/s11356-021-17688-9
- Spatial distribution, pollution characterization, and risk assessment of environmentally persistent free radicals in urban road dust from central China W. Feng et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118861
- Outdoor Health Risk of Atmospheric Particulate Matter at Night in Xi’an, Northwestern China D. Ainur et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c02670
- Pollution characteristics and oxidative potential of atmospheric particles at a typical rural area: A case study during the Chinese Lunar New Year S. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2024.102251
- Environmentally persistent free radicals in indoor particulate matter, dust, and on surfaces A. Filippi et al. 10.1039/D1EA00075F
- Residential Wood Burning and Vehicle Emissions as Major Sources of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Fairbanks, Alaska K. Edwards et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c01206
- Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals and their risks for human health: a review X. Wang et al. 10.1007/s10311-024-01701-x
- Wildfire particulate matter as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species T. Fang et al. 10.1039/D2EA00170E
- Atmospheric evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in the rural North China Plain: effects on water solubility and PM2.5 oxidative potential X. Yang et al. 10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024
- Environmentally persistent free radicals from residential raw coal combustion and association with chemical components K. Xiao et al. 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100346
- Characteristics and Potential Inhalation Exposure Risks of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Solid Fuel Combustion Particles in High Lung Cancer Incidence Area, China K. Xiao et al. 10.3390/atmos12111467
- Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, and Oxidative Potential of Highway PM2.5 B. Hwang et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00135
- Air pollution in the operating room: A case study of characteristics of airborne particles, PAHs and environmentally persistent free radicals X. Yu et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2021.101257
- Overview of the Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) Field Experiment W. Simpson et al. 10.1021/acsestair.3c00076
- Aqueous-phase reactive species formed by fine particulate matter from remote forests and polluted urban air H. Tong et al. 10.5194/acp-21-10439-2021
- Real-World Emission Characteristics of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in PM2.5 from Residential Solid Fuel Combustion J. Zhao et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c08449
- Comparative 6+studies of environmentally persistent free radicals on nano-sized coal dusts S. Azam et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163163
- Novel Chemical Routes for Carbon Dioxide and Methane Production from Lignin Photodegradation: The Role of Environmental Free Radicals Y. Deng et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c03414
- Airborne environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in PM2.5 from combustion sources: Abundance, cytotoxicity and potential exposure risks Z. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172202
- Seasonal variations and sources of atmospheric EPFRs in a megacity in severe cold region: Implications for the influence of strong coal and biomass combustion S. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119067
- Environmentally persistent free radicals readily form on TiO2 but not on ZnO nanoparticles E. Vejerano & J. Ahn 10.1039/D4EN00500G
- Size-resolved exposure risk and subsequent role of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) from atmospheric particles Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119059
- Size-resolved environmentally persistent free radicals in cold region atmosphere: Implications for inhalation exposure risk S. Jia et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130263
- The overlooked formation of environmentally persistent free radicals on particulate matter collected from biomass burning under light irradiation H. Guo et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107668
- Pollution characteristics and light-driven evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in PM2.5 in two typical northern cities of China J. Ai et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131466
- Source apportionment of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and heavy metals in size fractions of urban arterial road dust W. Feng et al. 10.1016/j.psep.2021.11.039
- Scientific and regulatory challenges of environmentally persistent free radicals: From formation theory to risk prevention strategies Y. Xu et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131674
- Incomplete solid fuel burning as the major emission source of atmospheric phenols and environmentally persistent free radicals A. Cheng et al. 10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131735
- Distribution of environmentally persistent free radicals in size-segregated PMs emitted from residential biomass fuel combustion J. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130956
- Measurement report: Impact of emission control measures on environmental persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species – a short-term case study in Beijing Y. Qin et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024
Latest update: 20 Nov 2024
Short summary
This study found environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are widely present in atmospheric particles of different particle sizes and exhibit significant particle size distribution characteristics. EPFR concentrations are higher in coarse particles than in fine particles in summer and vice versa in winter. The potential toxicity caused by EPFRs may also vary with particle size and season. Combustion is the most important source of EPFRs (>70 %).
This study found environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are widely present in...
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