Observations of atmospheric 14CO2 at Anmyeondo GAW station, South Korea: implications for fossil fuel CO2 and emission ratios

Lee, Haeyoung; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Turnbull, Jocelyn C.; Lee, Sepyo; Lehman, Scott J.; Miller, John B.; Pétron, Gabrielle; Lim, Jeong-Sik; Lee, Gang-Woong; Lee, Sang-Sam; Park, Young-San

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12033-2020

Articles | Volume 20, issue 20

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12033-2020

© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12033-2020

© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 20, issue 20

Research article

|

26 Oct 2020

Research article |

| 26 Oct 2020

Observations of atmospheric ¹⁴CO₂ at Anmyeondo GAW station, South Korea: implications for fossil fuel CO₂ and emission ratios

Haeyoung Lee, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Jocelyn C. Turnbull, Sepyo Lee, Scott J. Lehman, John B. Miller, Gabrielle Pétron, Jeong-Sik Lim, Gang-Woong Lee, Sang-Sam Lee, and Young-San Park

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Final revised paper (published on 26 Oct 2020)
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Preprint (discussion started on 02 Apr 2020)
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Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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RC1: 'Review of H. Lee et al., for ACP publicaton', Anonymous Referee #1, 05 May 2020
- AC1: 'Author's response to reviewer's comment', Haeyoung Lee, 25 Jul 2020
RC2: 'ref report to "14C observations of atmospheric CO2 at Anmyeondo..."', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 May 2020
- AC2: 'Author's response to reviewer's comment', Haeyoung Lee, 25 Jul 2020

Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision

AR by Haeyoung Lee on behalf of the Authors (19 Aug 2020)

ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (24 Aug 2020) by Jan Kaiser

Dear Dr Lee

many thanks for your carefully revised resubmission, which I am happy to accept for publication in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, subject to the minor revisions listed below. I will oversee these corrections myself.

Kind regards
Jan Kaiser
Editor ACP

The unit of emissions is mass per time. In the present case, emissions are reported over annual periods, so the units should be corrected to "Gg a-1" etc. There are numerous instances in main text

l. 25: "a measurement uncertainty"
l. 28: "above background mole fractions"
l. 32: "2.0±0.1"
l. 114: Please convert 5.5 psig to SI units (bar or Pa).
l. 152: "is the Δ(14CO2) value of ..."
l. 158: Δ(14CO2)
l. 159: "≈ R_sample(14C/C) / R_standard(14C/C) - 1, were R(14C/C) is the 14C/C amount ratio" [a chemical symbol alone cannot represent a quantity]
l. 169: Δ(14CO2)
l. 223: Please delete the tilde (~) sign. All quantities should be reported with an appropriate number of significant figures and rounded according to their uncertainty.
l. 492: Please change "absence" to "contribution", for clarity.

Fig. 2a: The y-axis label should be x(CO2)
Fig. 2b: The y-axis label should be Δ(14CO2)

Table 1: Add "mole fraction" after CO and SF6 in the table caption. The row headings should be C_ff / (µmol mol-1), x(CO) / (nmol mol–1), x(SF6) / (pmol mol-1), R_CO / (nmol µmol-1) and R_SF6 / (pmol µmol-1). The units should be removed from the caption. You may want to insert a separate row 3 to indicate the number of data N and remove this information from row 2. Please add to the caption the meaning of the abbreviations CB, CN, CE, OB, KL and PL (in case the table is displayed out of context)

Fig. S3: Please change y-axis label to "SF6 emissions (Gg a-1)"
Fig. S4: Please change y-axis labels to "fossil CO2 emissions (10^5 Gg a-1)" and "CO emissions (10^3 Gg a-1)"
Fig. S4: Please change y-axis labels to "fossil CO2 emissions (10^4 Gg a-1)" and "CO emissions (10 Gg a-1)"

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AR by Haeyoung Lee on behalf of the Authors (11 Sep 2020) Author's response Manuscript

ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (22 Sep 2020) by Jan Kaiser

AR by Haeyoung Lee on behalf of the Authors (23 Sep 2020) Author's response Manuscript

Short summary

To understand South Korea's CO₂ emissions and sinks as well as those of the surrounding region, we used flask-air samples collected for 2 years at Anmyeondo (36.53° N, 126.32° E; 46 m a.s.l.), South Korea, for analysis of observed ¹⁴C in atmospheric CO₂ as a tracer of fossil fuel CO₂ contribution (C_ff). Here, we showed our observation result of ¹⁴C and C_ff. SF₆ and CO can be good proxies of C_ff in this study, and the ratio of CO to C_ff was compared to a bottom-up inventory.