Articles | Volume 18, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-979-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-979-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Jan 2018
Research article |
| 25 Jan 2018
| 25 Jan 2018
Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF3), ΣCFC-114 (C2Cl2F4), and CFC-115 (C2ClF5)
Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Dickon Young
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Cathy M. Trudinger
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Jens Mühle
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Stephan Henne
Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Matthew Rigby
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Sunyoung Park
Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, South Korea
Shanlan Li
Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, South Korea
Myriam Guillevic
METAS, Federal Institute of Metrology, Lindenweg 50, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland
Blagoj Mitrevski
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Christina M. Harth
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Benjamin R. Miller
Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Stefan Reimann
Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Bo Yao
Meteorological Observation Centre (MOC), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Beijing, China
L. Paul Steele
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Simon A. Wyss
Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Chris R. Lunder
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Jgor Arduini
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
Archie McCulloch
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Songhao Wu
Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University, South Korea
Tae Siek Rhee
Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon, South Korea
Ray H. J. Wang
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Peter K. Salameh
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Ove Hermansen
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Matthias Hill
Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Ray L. Langenfelds
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Diane Ivy
Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Simon O'Doherty
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Paul B. Krummel
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Michela Maione
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council, Bologna, Italy
David M. Etheridge
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Lingxi Zhou
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Beijing, China
Paul J. Fraser
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Ronald G. Prinn
Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Ray F. Weiss
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Peter G. Simmonds
Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Latest update: 08 Nov 2025
Short summary
We measured the three chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-13, CFC-114, and CFC-115 in the atmosphere because they are important in stratospheric ozone depletion. These compounds should have decreased in the atmosphere because they are banned by the Montreal Protocol but we find the opposite. Emissions over the last decade have not declined on a global scale. We use inverse modeling and our observations to find that a large part of the emissions originate in the Asian region.
We measured the three chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-13, CFC-114, and CFC-115 in the atmosphere...
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