Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2481-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2481-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Feb 2018
Research article |
| 19 Feb 2018
| 19 Feb 2018
Multiphase oxidation of SO2 by NO2 on CaCO3 particles
Defeng Zhao
BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
Xiaojuan Song
BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
Zefeng Zhang
BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
Yingjun Liu
BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
Jing Shang
BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,
Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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- A comprehensive observation-based multiphase chemical model analysis of sulfur dioxide oxidations in both summer and winter H. Song et al. 10.5194/acp-21-13713-2021
- Seasonality in the Δ33S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO2 D. Au Yang et al. 10.5194/acp-19-3779-2019
- NO2-promoted heterogeneous photochemical oxidation of SO2 to sulfates on brown carbon H. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126450
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- Effects of relative humidity on heterogeneous reaction of SO2 with CaCO3 particles and formation of CaSO4·2H2O crystal as secondary aerosol Y. Yue et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118776
- Size-fractionated water-soluble ions during autumn and winter: Insights into volatile ammonium formation mechanisms in Shanghai, a megacity of China X. Ye et al. 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100011
- Influence of relative humidity on SO2 oxidation by O3 and NO2 on the surface of TiO2 particles: Potential for formation of secondary sulfate aerosol X. He & Y. Zhang 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.046
- Competitive reactions of SO2 and acetic acid on α-Al2O3 and CaCO3 particles N. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134362
- Relative humidity and O3 concentration as two prerequisites for sulfate formation Y. Fang et al. 10.5194/acp-19-12295-2019
- Heterogeneous Oxidation of SO2 in Sulfate Production during Nitrate Photolysis at 300 nm: Effect of pH, Relative Humidity, Irradiation Intensity, and the Presence of Organic Compounds M. Gen et al. 10.1021/acs.est.9b01623
- pH effect on the release of NH3 from the internally mixed sodium succinate and ammonium sulfate aerosols C. Du et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117101
- Real-time application and modelling of the NOx-sorption reaction on a particulate calcium carbonate surface-flow filter exposed to combustion exhaust N. Barać et al. 10.1007/s11356-024-32743-x
- Application of Stable Isotopes in Identifying the Sources and Formation of Sulfate and Nitrate in PM2.5: A Review J. Peng et al. 10.3390/atmos15111312
- Innovations in calcium carbonate-based sorbents for SO2 removal: challenges and future prospects K. Subah et al. 10.1007/s13762-025-06681-1
- Multiphase Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Aerosol Particles: Implications for Sulfate Formation in Polluted Environments T. Liu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c06496
- Single-particle Raman spectroscopy for studying physical and chemical processes of atmospheric particles Z. Liang et al. 10.5194/acp-22-3017-2022
- Possible heterogeneous chemistry of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in northern China winter haze S. Song et al. 10.5194/acp-19-1357-2019
- Heterogeneous oxidation mechanism of SO2 on γ-Al2O3 (110) catalyst by H2O2: A first-principle study H. Li et al. 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125777
- A chamber study of catalytic oxidation of SO2 by Mn2+/Fe3+ in aerosol water H. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118019
- Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO2 and NH3 T. Chen et al. 10.5194/acp-19-8063-2019
- Key Factors Determining Heterogeneous Uptake Kinetics of NO2 Onto Alumina: Implication for the Linkage Between Laboratory Work and Modeling Study X. Gao et al. 10.1029/2021JD034694
- Significant formation of sulfate aerosols contributed by the heterogeneous drivers of dust surface T. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-22-13467-2022
- Inorganic composition and occult deposition of frost collected under severe polluted area in winter in the North China Plain C. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137911
- Using X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual particle surface area, volume, and morphology towards investigating atmospheric heterogeneous reactions M. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.015
- Nitrite/Nitrous Acid Generation from the Reaction of Nitrate and Fe(II) Promoted by Photolysis of Iron–Organic Complexes M. Gen et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c05641
- A review on the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on solid atmospheric particles: Implications for sulfate formation in haze chemistry Q. Ma et al. 10.1080/10643389.2023.2190315
- Enhanced Sulfate Formation from Gas-Phase SO2 Oxidation in Non–•OH–Radical Environments X. Lv et al. 10.3390/atmos15010064
- Effects of NO2 and SO2 on the heterogeneous reaction of acetic acid on α-Al2O3 in the presence and absence of simulated irradiation N. Yang et al. 10.1039/C9EM00550A
- Chemical composition and mixing states of individual atmospheric particles in summer and winter: a micro-Raman spectroscopy study Y. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121397
- NO2-initiated multiphase oxidation of SO2 by O2 on CaCO3 particles T. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-18-6679-2018
- Variation of air pollutants during COVID-19 lockdown phases in the mega-city of Lahore (Pakistan); Insights into meteorological parameters and atmospheric chemistry F. Qayyum et al. 10.1007/s11600-023-01208-z
- Competitive formation of HSO4- and HSO5- from ion-induced SO2 oxidation: Implication in atmospheric aerosol formation N. Tsona et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118362
- Dust event identification and characterization with one-year online observations in Beijing F. Zheng et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177296
- Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy to Investigate Chemical Composition, Mixing States, and Heterogeneous Reactions of Individual Atmospheric Particles M. Wang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c01242
- Heterogeneous SO2 Oxidation in Sulfate Formation by Photolysis of Particulate Nitrate M. Gen et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00681
- How Acid Iron Dissolution in Aged Dust Particles Responds to the Buffering Capacity of Carbonate Minerals during Asian Dust Storms M. Zhi et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c12370
- The formation and growth of calcium sulfate crystals through oxidation of SO2by O3on size-resolved calcium carbonate Y. Zhang et al. 10.1039/C8RA02050G
- Effects of NO2 and C3H6 on the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on TiO2 in the presence or absence of UV–Vis irradiation B. Chu et al. 10.5194/acp-19-14777-2019
- Key factors influencing the formation of sulfate aerosol on the surface of mineral aerosols: Insights from laboratory simulations and ACSM measurements L. Han et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118341
- Rapid Sulfate Formation via Uncatalyzed Autoxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Aerosol Microdroplets Z. Chen et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c00112
- Exploring dust heterogeneous chemistry over China: Insights from field observation and GEOS-Chem simulation R. Tian et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149307
- Characterization of PM2.5 composition and mixing state during haze events in Chengdu using Micro-Raman spectroscopy F. Xing et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2025.102411
- Heterogeneous sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during wintertime Chinese haze events: air quality model assessment using observations of sulfate oxygen isotopes in Beijing J. Shao et al. 10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019
- Heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on CaCO3 particles: Different impacts of NO2 and acetic acid on the sulfite and sulfate formation R. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.017
- Heterogeneous reactions of SO2 on the hematite(0001) surface H. Zhao et al. 10.1063/1.5037847
- Impact of adsorbed nitrate on the heterogeneous conversion of SO2 on α-Fe2O3 in the absence and presence of simulated solar irradiation C. Du et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.295
- Dust-Dominated Coarse Particles as a Medium for Rapid Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation in Highly Polluted Air W. Xu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c07243
- Rapid Sulfate Formation via Mn2+-Catalyzed SO2 Oxidation on the Surface of NaCl Microdroplets X. Jing et al. 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02839
- A potential source of atmospheric sulfate from O2−-induced SO2 oxidation by ozone N. Tsona & L. Du 10.5194/acp-19-649-2019
- Carbonate radical ion as a key driver of rapid atmospheric sulfate formation Y. Liu et al. 10.1038/s41612-025-00905-4
53 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Efficient Conversion of NO to NO2 on SO2-Aged MgO under Atmospheric Conditions C. Liu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c05071
- 2D-1D Nanohybrids of CoCr-Layered Double Hydroxides Coupled with Carbon Nanotubes for High Performance Hybrid Supercapacitor V. More et al. 10.1021/acsaem.4c01968
- Insight into the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Heterogeneous Reaction between SO2 and NO2 on Diesel Black Carbon under Light Irradiation P. Zhang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c09674
- A comprehensive observation-based multiphase chemical model analysis of sulfur dioxide oxidations in both summer and winter H. Song et al. 10.5194/acp-21-13713-2021
- Seasonality in the Δ33S measured in urban aerosols highlights an additional oxidation pathway for atmospheric SO2 D. Au Yang et al. 10.5194/acp-19-3779-2019
- NO2-promoted heterogeneous photochemical oxidation of SO2 to sulfates on brown carbon H. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126450
- Stable Sulfur Isotopes Revealed a Major Role of Transition-Metal Ion-Catalyzed SO2Oxidation in Haze Episodes J. Li et al. 10.1021/acs.est.9b07150
- Effects of relative humidity on heterogeneous reaction of SO2 with CaCO3 particles and formation of CaSO4·2H2O crystal as secondary aerosol Y. Yue et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118776
- Size-fractionated water-soluble ions during autumn and winter: Insights into volatile ammonium formation mechanisms in Shanghai, a megacity of China X. Ye et al. 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100011
- Influence of relative humidity on SO2 oxidation by O3 and NO2 on the surface of TiO2 particles: Potential for formation of secondary sulfate aerosol X. He & Y. Zhang 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.046
- Competitive reactions of SO2 and acetic acid on α-Al2O3 and CaCO3 particles N. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134362
- Relative humidity and O3 concentration as two prerequisites for sulfate formation Y. Fang et al. 10.5194/acp-19-12295-2019
- Heterogeneous Oxidation of SO2 in Sulfate Production during Nitrate Photolysis at 300 nm: Effect of pH, Relative Humidity, Irradiation Intensity, and the Presence of Organic Compounds M. Gen et al. 10.1021/acs.est.9b01623
- pH effect on the release of NH3 from the internally mixed sodium succinate and ammonium sulfate aerosols C. Du et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117101
- Real-time application and modelling of the NOx-sorption reaction on a particulate calcium carbonate surface-flow filter exposed to combustion exhaust N. Barać et al. 10.1007/s11356-024-32743-x
- Application of Stable Isotopes in Identifying the Sources and Formation of Sulfate and Nitrate in PM2.5: A Review J. Peng et al. 10.3390/atmos15111312
- Innovations in calcium carbonate-based sorbents for SO2 removal: challenges and future prospects K. Subah et al. 10.1007/s13762-025-06681-1
- Multiphase Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Aerosol Particles: Implications for Sulfate Formation in Polluted Environments T. Liu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c06496
- Single-particle Raman spectroscopy for studying physical and chemical processes of atmospheric particles Z. Liang et al. 10.5194/acp-22-3017-2022
- Possible heterogeneous chemistry of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in northern China winter haze S. Song et al. 10.5194/acp-19-1357-2019
- Heterogeneous oxidation mechanism of SO2 on γ-Al2O3 (110) catalyst by H2O2: A first-principle study H. Li et al. 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125777
- A chamber study of catalytic oxidation of SO2 by Mn2+/Fe3+ in aerosol water H. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118019
- Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO2 and NH3 T. Chen et al. 10.5194/acp-19-8063-2019
- Key Factors Determining Heterogeneous Uptake Kinetics of NO2 Onto Alumina: Implication for the Linkage Between Laboratory Work and Modeling Study X. Gao et al. 10.1029/2021JD034694
- Significant formation of sulfate aerosols contributed by the heterogeneous drivers of dust surface T. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-22-13467-2022
- Inorganic composition and occult deposition of frost collected under severe polluted area in winter in the North China Plain C. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137911
- Using X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual particle surface area, volume, and morphology towards investigating atmospheric heterogeneous reactions M. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.015
- Nitrite/Nitrous Acid Generation from the Reaction of Nitrate and Fe(II) Promoted by Photolysis of Iron–Organic Complexes M. Gen et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c05641
- A review on the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on solid atmospheric particles: Implications for sulfate formation in haze chemistry Q. Ma et al. 10.1080/10643389.2023.2190315
- Enhanced Sulfate Formation from Gas-Phase SO2 Oxidation in Non–•OH–Radical Environments X. Lv et al. 10.3390/atmos15010064
- Effects of NO2 and SO2 on the heterogeneous reaction of acetic acid on α-Al2O3 in the presence and absence of simulated irradiation N. Yang et al. 10.1039/C9EM00550A
- Chemical composition and mixing states of individual atmospheric particles in summer and winter: a micro-Raman spectroscopy study Y. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121397
- NO2-initiated multiphase oxidation of SO2 by O2 on CaCO3 particles T. Yu et al. 10.5194/acp-18-6679-2018
- Variation of air pollutants during COVID-19 lockdown phases in the mega-city of Lahore (Pakistan); Insights into meteorological parameters and atmospheric chemistry F. Qayyum et al. 10.1007/s11600-023-01208-z
- Competitive formation of HSO4- and HSO5- from ion-induced SO2 oxidation: Implication in atmospheric aerosol formation N. Tsona et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118362
- Dust event identification and characterization with one-year online observations in Beijing F. Zheng et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177296
- Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy to Investigate Chemical Composition, Mixing States, and Heterogeneous Reactions of Individual Atmospheric Particles M. Wang et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c01242
- Heterogeneous SO2 Oxidation in Sulfate Formation by Photolysis of Particulate Nitrate M. Gen et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00681
- How Acid Iron Dissolution in Aged Dust Particles Responds to the Buffering Capacity of Carbonate Minerals during Asian Dust Storms M. Zhi et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c12370
- The formation and growth of calcium sulfate crystals through oxidation of SO2by O3on size-resolved calcium carbonate Y. Zhang et al. 10.1039/C8RA02050G
- Effects of NO2 and C3H6 on the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on TiO2 in the presence or absence of UV–Vis irradiation B. Chu et al. 10.5194/acp-19-14777-2019
- Key factors influencing the formation of sulfate aerosol on the surface of mineral aerosols: Insights from laboratory simulations and ACSM measurements L. Han et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118341
- Rapid Sulfate Formation via Uncatalyzed Autoxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Aerosol Microdroplets Z. Chen et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c00112
- Exploring dust heterogeneous chemistry over China: Insights from field observation and GEOS-Chem simulation R. Tian et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149307
- Characterization of PM2.5 composition and mixing state during haze events in Chengdu using Micro-Raman spectroscopy F. Xing et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2025.102411
- Heterogeneous sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during wintertime Chinese haze events: air quality model assessment using observations of sulfate oxygen isotopes in Beijing J. Shao et al. 10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019
- Heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on CaCO3 particles: Different impacts of NO2 and acetic acid on the sulfite and sulfate formation R. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.017
- Heterogeneous reactions of SO2 on the hematite(0001) surface H. Zhao et al. 10.1063/1.5037847
- Impact of adsorbed nitrate on the heterogeneous conversion of SO2 on α-Fe2O3 in the absence and presence of simulated solar irradiation C. Du et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.295
- Dust-Dominated Coarse Particles as a Medium for Rapid Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation in Highly Polluted Air W. Xu et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c07243
- Rapid Sulfate Formation via Mn2+-Catalyzed SO2 Oxidation on the Surface of NaCl Microdroplets X. Jing et al. 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02839
- A potential source of atmospheric sulfate from O2−-induced SO2 oxidation by ozone N. Tsona & L. Du 10.5194/acp-19-649-2019
- Carbonate radical ion as a key driver of rapid atmospheric sulfate formation Y. Liu et al. 10.1038/s41612-025-00905-4
Latest update: 17 Sep 2025
Short summary
The oxidation of SO2 directly by NO2 on solid/liquid particles is proposed to be a major pathway of particle sulfate formation in the polluted atmosphere. We found that the reaction of SO2 and NO2 on CaCO3 particles produced Ca(NO3)2 aqueous droplets, providing a site for the multiphase oxidation of SO2. The direct multiphase oxidation of SO2 by NO2 led to a reactive uptake coefficient of SO2 on the order of 10-8, which is unlikely to be an important source of sulfate in the ambient atmosphere.
The oxidation of SO2 directly by NO2 on solid/liquid particles is proposed to be a major pathway...
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