How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on
the Earth's surface?

Kodera, Kunihiko; Thiéblemont, Rémi; Yukimoto, Seiji; Matthes, Katja

doi:10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 20

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12925-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 20

Research article

|

19 Oct 2016

Research article |

| 19 Oct 2016

How can we understand the global distribution of the solar cycle signal on the Earth's surface?

Kunihiko Kodera, Rémi Thiéblemont, Seiji Yukimoto, and Katja Matthes

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2016	115	30	4	149
Mar 2016	62	29	2	93
Apr 2016	65	17	1	83
May 2016	38	7	0	45
Jun 2016	18	7	1	26
Jul 2016	16	9	1	26
Aug 2016	12	5	2	19
Sep 2016	16	4	0	20
Oct 2016	122	48	9	179
Nov 2016	73	15	11	99
Dec 2016	39	14	1	54
Jan 2017	71	15	3	89
Feb 2017	50	7	12	69
Mar 2017	76	15	14	105
Apr 2017	91	17	12	120
May 2017	83	19	16	118
Jun 2017	72	6	13	91
Jul 2017	57	11	6	74
Aug 2017	40	19	4	63
Sep 2017	29	15	5	49
Oct 2017	39	15	0	54
Nov 2017	47	15	0	62
Dec 2017	28	11	5	44
Jan 2018	44	10	4	58
Feb 2018	38	16	0	54
Mar 2018	36	9	4	49
Apr 2018	18	9	0	27
May 2018	20	6	5	31
Jun 2018	20	9	1	30
Jul 2018	16	15	0	31
Aug 2018	40	16	3	59
Sep 2018	27	17	0	44
Oct 2018	22	10	1	33
Nov 2018	19	10	0	29
Dec 2018	16	7	2	25
Jan 2019	7	7	1	15
Feb 2019	15	5	0	20
Mar 2019	32	7	0	39
Apr 2019	18	11	0	29
May 2019	19	11	0	30
Jun 2019	13	12	0	25
Jul 2019	15	10	1	26
Aug 2019	11	4	0	15
Sep 2019	10	12	0	22
Oct 2019	23	9	1	33
Nov 2019	10	9	0	19
Dec 2019	11	3	0	14
Jan 2020	7	6	0	13
Feb 2020	22	1	1	24
Mar 2020	5	7	0	12
Apr 2020	7	3	0	10
May 2020	7	15	1	23
Jun 2020	18	10	0	28
Jul 2020	22	17	4	43
Aug 2020	18	6	3	27
Sep 2020	17	14	0	31
Oct 2020	10	6	0	16
Nov 2020	10	6	0	16
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Jan 2021	21	7	0	28
Feb 2021	17	12	1	30
Mar 2021	20	10	0	30
Apr 2021	22	6	0	28
May 2021	17	8	1	26
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Aug 2021	18	12	2	32
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Oct 2021	26	32	1	59
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Jan 2022	13	7	2	22
Feb 2022	32	7	2	41
Mar 2022	42	10	0	52
Apr 2022	34	5	1	40
May 2022	23	9	0	32
Jun 2022	11	3	0	14
Jul 2022	24	6	1	31
Aug 2022	51	6	0	57
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Oct 2022	20	2	0	22
Nov 2022	12	6	0	18
Dec 2022	16	10	0	26
Jan 2023	11	4	0	15
Feb 2023	14	10	1	25
Mar 2023	32	14	0	46
Apr 2023	5	13	0	18
May 2023	36	13	2	51
Jun 2023	40	4	2	46
Jul 2023	61	10	1	72
Aug 2023	48	15	1	64
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Oct 2023	40	6	2	48
Nov 2023	29	8	0	37
Dec 2023	64	22	3	89
Jan 2024	53	10	1	64
Feb 2024	73	39	2	114
Mar 2024	66	20	0	86
Apr 2024	62	16	6	84
May 2024	25	13	0	38
Jun 2024	35	12	1	48
Jul 2024	32	17	4	53
Aug 2024	34	7	3	44
Sep 2024	26	11	2	39
Oct 2024	23	9	0	32
Nov 2024	13	5	2	20
Dec 2024	20	8	3	31
Jan 2025	27	12	1	40
Feb 2025	51	9	3	63
Mar 2025	18	8	2	28
Apr 2025	29	17	1	47
May 2025	34	12	0	46
Jun 2025	62	22	4	88
Jul 2025	46	17	1	64
Aug 2025	44	20	0	64
Sep 2025	32	16	1	49
Oct 2025	22	33	0	55
Nov 2025	30	27	6	63

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 25 Feb 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2016	115	30	4	149
Mar 2016	62	29	2	93
Apr 2016	65	17	1	83
May 2016	38	7	0	45
Jun 2016	18	7	1	26
Jul 2016	16	9	1	26
Aug 2016	12	5	2	19
Sep 2016	16	4	0	20
Oct 2016	122	48	9	179
Nov 2016	73	15	11	99
Dec 2016	39	14	1	54
Jan 2017	71	15	3	89
Feb 2017	50	7	12	69
Mar 2017	76	15	14	105
Apr 2017	91	17	12	120
May 2017	83	19	16	118
Jun 2017	72	6	13	91
Jul 2017	57	11	6	74
Aug 2017	40	19	4	63
Sep 2017	29	15	5	49
Oct 2017	39	15	0	54
Nov 2017	47	15	0	62
Dec 2017	28	11	5	44
Jan 2018	44	10	4	58
Feb 2018	38	16	0	54
Mar 2018	36	9	4	49
Apr 2018	18	9	0	27
May 2018	20	6	5	31
Jun 2018	20	9	1	30
Jul 2018	16	15	0	31
Aug 2018	40	16	3	59
Sep 2018	27	17	0	44
Oct 2018	22	10	1	33
Nov 2018	19	10	0	29
Dec 2018	16	7	2	25
Jan 2019	7	7	1	15
Feb 2019	15	5	0	20
Mar 2019	32	7	0	39
Apr 2019	18	11	0	29
May 2019	19	11	0	30
Jun 2019	13	12	0	25
Jul 2019	15	10	1	26
Aug 2019	11	4	0	15
Sep 2019	10	12	0	22
Oct 2019	23	9	1	33
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Apr 2020	7	3	0	10
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Jun 2020	18	10	0	28
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Aug 2020	18	6	3	27
Sep 2020	17	14	0	31
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Feb 2021	17	12	1	30
Mar 2021	20	10	0	30
Apr 2021	22	6	0	28
May 2021	17	8	1	26
Jun 2021	17	8	0	25
Jul 2021	19	10	0	29
Aug 2021	18	12	2	32
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Oct 2021	26	32	1	59
Nov 2021	20	32	2	54
Dec 2021	29	10	0	39
Jan 2022	13	7	2	22
Feb 2022	32	7	2	41
Mar 2022	42	10	0	52
Apr 2022	34	5	1	40
May 2022	23	9	0	32
Jun 2022	11	3	0	14
Jul 2022	24	6	1	31
Aug 2022	51	6	0	57
Sep 2022	16	4	0	20
Oct 2022	20	2	0	22
Nov 2022	12	6	0	18
Dec 2022	16	10	0	26
Jan 2023	11	4	0	15
Feb 2023	14	10	1	25
Mar 2023	32	14	0	46
Apr 2023	5	13	0	18
May 2023	36	13	2	51
Jun 2023	40	4	2	46
Jul 2023	61	10	1	72
Aug 2023	48	15	1	64
Sep 2023	41	7	2	50
Oct 2023	40	6	2	48
Nov 2023	29	8	0	37
Dec 2023	64	22	3	89
Jan 2024	53	10	1	64
Feb 2024	73	39	2	114
Mar 2024	66	20	0	86
Apr 2024	62	16	6	84
May 2024	25	13	0	38
Jun 2024	35	12	1	48
Jul 2024	32	17	4	53
Aug 2024	34	7	3	44
Sep 2024	26	11	2	39
Oct 2024	23	9	0	32
Nov 2024	13	5	2	20
Dec 2024	20	8	3	31
Jan 2025	27	12	1	40
Feb 2025	51	9	3	63
Mar 2025	18	8	2	28
Apr 2025	29	17	1	47
May 2025	34	12	0	46
Jun 2025	62	22	4	88
Jul 2025	46	17	1	64
Aug 2025	44	20	0	64
Sep 2025	32	16	1	49
Oct 2025	22	33	0	55
Nov 2025	30	27	6	63

Latest update: 27 Nov 2025

Short summary

The spatial structure of the solar cycle signals on the Earth's surface is analysed to identify the mechanisms. Both tropical and extratropical solar surface signals can result from circulation changes in the upper stratosphere through (i) a downward migration of wave zonal mean flow interactions and (ii) changes in the stratospheric mean meridional circulation. Amplification of the solar signal also occurs through interaction with the ocean.