Modelled and observed changes in aerosols and surface solar radiation over Europe between 1960 and 2009

Turnock, S. T.; Spracklen, D. V.; Carslaw, K. S.; Mann, G. W.; Woodhouse, M. T.; Forster, P. M.; Haywood, J.; Johnson, C. E.; Dalvi, M.; Bellouin, N.; Sanchez-Lorenzo, A.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9477-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 16

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9477-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

The Pan European Gas-Aerosols Climate Interaction Study...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9477-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 16

Research article

|

25 Aug 2015

Research article |

| 25 Aug 2015

Modelled and observed changes in aerosols and surface solar radiation over Europe between 1960 and 2009

S. T. Turnock, D. V. Spracklen, K. S. Carslaw, G. W. Mann, M. T. Woodhouse, P. M. Forster, J. Haywood, C. E. Johnson, M. Dalvi, N. Bellouin, and A. Sanchez-Lorenzo

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Final revised paper (published on 25 Aug 2015)
Preprint (discussion started on 08 May 2015)

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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RC C2970: 'Review of “Modelled and observed changes in aerosols and surface solar radiation over Europe between 1960 and 2009”.', Anonymous Referee #1, 26 May 2015
RC C3820: 'Referee 2 Review', Anonymous Referee #2, 19 Jun 2015
AC C5185: 'Author's response to reviewers comments', Steven Turnock, 24 Jul 2015

Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision

AR by Steven Turnock on behalf of the Authors (31 Jul 2015)

ED: Publish as is (04 Aug 2015) by Andreas Hofzumahaus

AR by Steven Turnock on behalf of the Authors (05 Aug 2015)

Short summary

We evaluate HadGEM3-UKCA over Europe for the period 1960-2009 against observations of aerosol mass and number, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and surface solar radiation (SSR). The model underestimates aerosol mass and number but is less biased if compared to AOD and SSR. Observed trends in aerosols are well simulated by the model and necessary for reproducing the observed increase in SSR since 1990. European all-sky top of atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing increased by > 3 Wm-2 from 1970 to 2009.