Articles | Volume 15, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5047-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5047-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 May 2015
Research article |
| 05 May 2015
Molecular characterization of free tropospheric aerosol collected at the Pico Mountain Observatory: a case study with a long-range transported biomass burning plume
K. Dzepina
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
now at: Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
C. Mazzoleni
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
P. Fialho
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Azores University, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
R. C. Owen
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
now at: US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
D. Helmig
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
J. Hueber
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
S. Kumar
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
now at: National Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida, India
J. A. Perlinger
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
L. J. Kramer
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
M. P. Dziobak
Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
M. T. Ampadu
Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
S. Olsen
Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
now at: Xyratex International Ltd, Sacramento, CA, USA
D. J. Wuebbles
Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
Viewed
Total article views: 6,397 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 25 Sep 2014)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,219 | 3,024 | 154 | 6,397 | 753 | 130 | 149 |
- HTML: 3,219
- PDF: 3,024
- XML: 154
- Total: 6,397
- Supplement: 753
- BibTeX: 130
- EndNote: 149
Total article views: 4,557 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 05 May 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,254 | 2,177 | 126 | 4,557 | 544 | 104 | 131 |
- HTML: 2,254
- PDF: 2,177
- XML: 126
- Total: 4,557
- Supplement: 544
- BibTeX: 104
- EndNote: 131
Total article views: 1,840 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 25 Sep 2014)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 965 | 847 | 28 | 1,840 | 26 | 18 |
- HTML: 965
- PDF: 847
- XML: 28
- Total: 1,840
- BibTeX: 26
- EndNote: 18
Cited
59 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Molecular composition of organic aerosols in central Amazonia: an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry study I. Kourtchev et al. 10.5194/acp-16-11899-2016
- Nontarget Analysis of Organic Aerosol over the South China Sea by Gas Chromatography-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Y. Zhan et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00173
- Ten-year chemical signatures associated with long-range transport observed in the free troposphere over the central North Atlantic B. Zhang et al. 10.1525/elementa.194
- Dwindling Aromatic Compounds in Fine Aerosols from Chunk Coal to Briquette Combustion W. Wei et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4045477
- The Sources, Molecular Compositions, and Light Absorption Properties of Water‐Soluble Organic Carbon in Marine Aerosols From South China Sea to the Eastern Indian Ocean Y. Mo et al. 10.1029/2021JD036168
- Substantial Seasonal Contribution of Observed Biogenic Sulfate Particles to Cloud Condensation Nuclei K. Sanchez et al. 10.1038/s41598-018-21590-9
- Molecular Characterization of Organophosphorus Compounds in Wildfire Smoke Using 21-T Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry A. Ijaz et al. 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00916
- Vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic: variations with season and synoptic condition Y. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021
- Long-range transported continental aerosol in the eastern North Atlantic: three multiday event regimes influence cloud condensation nuclei F. Gallo et al. 10.5194/acp-23-4221-2023
- Impact of dry intrusion events on the composition and mixing state of particles during the winter Aerosol and Cloud Experiment in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) J. Tomlin et al. 10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021
- Persistent Influence of Wildfire Emissions in the Western United States and Characteristics of Aged Biomass Burning Organic Aerosols under Clean Air Conditions R. Farley et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c07301
- Dwindling aromatic compounds in fine aerosols from chunk coal to honeycomb briquette combustion W. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155971
- Molecular characterization of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in fractionated atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) and its relationship with optical properties C. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155043
- Increase of nitrooxy organosulfates in firework-related urban aerosols during Chinese New Year's Eve Q. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021
- Impact of North America on the aerosol composition in the North Atlantic free troposphere M. García et al. 10.5194/acp-17-7387-2017
- Cloud condensation nuclei activity of internally mixed particle populations at a remote marine free troposphere site in the North Atlantic Ocean Z. Cheng et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166865
- Differences in the composition of organic aerosols between winter and summer in Beijing: a study by direct-infusion ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry S. Steimer et al. 10.5194/acp-20-13303-2020
- North Atlantic Ocean SST-gradient-driven variations in aerosol and cloud evolution along Lagrangian cold-air outbreak trajectories K. Sanchez et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2795-2022
- Aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation attributed to phenols from biomass burning Y. Xiao et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157582
- Measurement report: Cloud processes and the transport of biological emissions affect southern ocean particle and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations K. Sanchez et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3427-2021
- A Semi-Quantitative Approach to Nontarget Compositional Analysis of Complex Samples R. Evans et al. 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00819
- Modeling the single and multiple scattering properties of soot-laden mineral dust aerosols G. Xu et al. 10.1364/OE.25.00A990
- Molecular compositions and optical properties of water-soluble brown carbon during the autumn and winter in Guangzhou, China T. He et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119573
- Two-Dimensional Offline Chromatographic Fractionation for the Characterization of Humic-Like Substances in Atmospheric Aerosol Particles T. Spranger et al. 10.1021/acs.est.7b00077
- Optical Properties of Individual Tar Balls in the Free Troposphere S. Mathai et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c03498
- Occurrence of both nonvolatile and semivolatile carbonaceous air particulate markers using thermal desorption-pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry B. Nespor et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118058
- Molecular composition of clouds: a comparison between samples collected at tropical (Réunion Island, France) and mid-north (Puy de Dôme, France) latitudes L. Pailler et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5567-2024
- Molecular insights on aging and aqueous-phase processing from ambient biomass burning emissions-influenced Po Valley fog and aerosol M. Brege et al. 10.5194/acp-18-13197-2018
- Molecular characterization of organic aerosol in the Himalayas: insight from ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Y. An et al. 10.5194/acp-19-1115-2019
- Fractal-like Tar Ball Aggregates from Wildfire Smoke G. Girotto et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00229
- Perturbations of the optical properties of mineral dust particles by mixing with black carbon: a numerical simulation study B. Scarnato et al. 10.5194/acp-15-6913-2015
- Enhanced Volatile Organic Compounds emissions and organic aerosol mass increase the oligomer content of atmospheric aerosols I. Kourtchev et al. 10.1038/srep35038
- Fractal scaling of coated soot aggregates W. Heinson et al. 10.1080/02786826.2016.1249786
- Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric particle number size distributions across Spain E. Alonso-Blanco et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.046
- Impact of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on the seasonal variation in the molecular composition of urban organic aerosols: a field and laboratory study using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry K. Daellenbach et al. 10.5194/acp-19-5973-2019
- Measurement report: Aerosol vertical profiles over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) F. Gallo et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023
- Non-linear partitioning and organic volatility distributions of urban aerosols S. Madronich et al. 10.1039/C5FD00209E
- Speciation of organic aerosols in the Saharan Air Layer and in the free troposphere westerlies M. García et al. 10.5194/acp-17-8939-2017
- Review on recent progress in observations, source identifications and countermeasures of PM2.5 C. Liang et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.016
- Free tropospheric aerosols at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory: more oxidized and higher sulfate content compared to boundary layer aerosols S. Zhou et al. 10.5194/acp-19-1571-2019
- 2D Liquid Chromatographic Fractionation with Ultra-high Resolution MS Analysis Resolves a Vast Molecular Diversity of Tropospheric Particle Organics T. Spranger et al. 10.1021/acs.est.9b03839
- Assessment of Ozone Variations and Meteorological Influences in West Center of Brazil, from 2004 to 2010 A. de Souza et al. 10.1007/s11270-016-3002-0
- Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART K. Sanchez et al. 10.5194/acp-21-831-2021
- Particle phase-state variability in the North Atlantic free troposphere during summertime is determined by atmospheric transport patterns and sources Z. Cheng et al. 10.5194/acp-22-9033-2022
- High Molecular Diversity of Organic Nitrogen in Urban Snow in North China S. Su et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c06851
- Assessing the role of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on PM<sub>1</sub> over southern West Africa using aircraft measurements J. Brito et al. 10.5194/acp-18-757-2018
- Aerosol Composition, Mixing State, and Phase State of Free Tropospheric Particles and Their Role in Ice Cloud Formation N. Lata et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00315
- Diurnal source apportionment of organic and inorganic atmospheric particulate matter at a high-altitude mountain site under summer conditions (Sierra Nevada; Spain) C. Jaén et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167178
- Molecular and physical characteristics of aerosol at a remote free troposphere site: implications for atmospheric aging S. Schum et al. 10.5194/acp-18-14017-2018
- Extreme Molecular Complexity Resulting in a Continuum of Carbonaceous Species in Biomass Burning Tar Balls from Wildfire Smoke M. Brege et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00141
- The Role of Organic Aerosol in Atmospheric Ice Nucleation: A Review D. Knopf et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00120
- Different physicochemical behaviors of nitrate and ammonium during transport: a case study on Mt. Hua, China C. Wu et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15621-2022
- Dwindling Aromatic Compounds in Fine Aerosols from Chunk Coal to Briquette Combustion W. Wei et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4015408
- Molecular characterization of firework-related urban aerosols using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry Q. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-20-6803-2020
- How Well Do We Handle the Sample Preparation, FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Analysis, and Data Treatment of Atmospheric Waters? L. Pailler et al. 10.3390/molecules27227796
- Laboratory evaluation of species-dependent relative ionization efficiencies in the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer W. Xu et al. 10.1080/02786826.2018.1439570
- Ice cloud formation potential by free tropospheric particles from long‐range transport over the Northern Atlantic Ocean S. China et al. 10.1002/2016JD025817
- Atlantic observatory faces rocky future A. Witze 10.1038/nature.2014.16132
- Morphology and mixing state of aged soot particles at a remote marine free troposphere site: Implications for optical properties S. China et al. 10.1002/2014GL062404
57 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Molecular composition of organic aerosols in central Amazonia: an ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry study I. Kourtchev et al. 10.5194/acp-16-11899-2016
- Nontarget Analysis of Organic Aerosol over the South China Sea by Gas Chromatography-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Y. Zhan et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00173
- Ten-year chemical signatures associated with long-range transport observed in the free troposphere over the central North Atlantic B. Zhang et al. 10.1525/elementa.194
- Dwindling Aromatic Compounds in Fine Aerosols from Chunk Coal to Briquette Combustion W. Wei et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4045477
- The Sources, Molecular Compositions, and Light Absorption Properties of Water‐Soluble Organic Carbon in Marine Aerosols From South China Sea to the Eastern Indian Ocean Y. Mo et al. 10.1029/2021JD036168
- Substantial Seasonal Contribution of Observed Biogenic Sulfate Particles to Cloud Condensation Nuclei K. Sanchez et al. 10.1038/s41598-018-21590-9
- Molecular Characterization of Organophosphorus Compounds in Wildfire Smoke Using 21-T Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry A. Ijaz et al. 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00916
- Vertical profiles of trace gas and aerosol properties over the eastern North Atlantic: variations with season and synoptic condition Y. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11079-2021
- Long-range transported continental aerosol in the eastern North Atlantic: three multiday event regimes influence cloud condensation nuclei F. Gallo et al. 10.5194/acp-23-4221-2023
- Impact of dry intrusion events on the composition and mixing state of particles during the winter Aerosol and Cloud Experiment in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) J. Tomlin et al. 10.5194/acp-21-18123-2021
- Persistent Influence of Wildfire Emissions in the Western United States and Characteristics of Aged Biomass Burning Organic Aerosols under Clean Air Conditions R. Farley et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c07301
- Dwindling aromatic compounds in fine aerosols from chunk coal to honeycomb briquette combustion W. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155971
- Molecular characterization of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in fractionated atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) and its relationship with optical properties C. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155043
- Increase of nitrooxy organosulfates in firework-related urban aerosols during Chinese New Year's Eve Q. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-21-11453-2021
- Impact of North America on the aerosol composition in the North Atlantic free troposphere M. García et al. 10.5194/acp-17-7387-2017
- Cloud condensation nuclei activity of internally mixed particle populations at a remote marine free troposphere site in the North Atlantic Ocean Z. Cheng et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166865
- Differences in the composition of organic aerosols between winter and summer in Beijing: a study by direct-infusion ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry S. Steimer et al. 10.5194/acp-20-13303-2020
- North Atlantic Ocean SST-gradient-driven variations in aerosol and cloud evolution along Lagrangian cold-air outbreak trajectories K. Sanchez et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2795-2022
- Aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation attributed to phenols from biomass burning Y. Xiao et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157582
- Measurement report: Cloud processes and the transport of biological emissions affect southern ocean particle and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations K. Sanchez et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3427-2021
- A Semi-Quantitative Approach to Nontarget Compositional Analysis of Complex Samples R. Evans et al. 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00819
- Modeling the single and multiple scattering properties of soot-laden mineral dust aerosols G. Xu et al. 10.1364/OE.25.00A990
- Molecular compositions and optical properties of water-soluble brown carbon during the autumn and winter in Guangzhou, China T. He et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119573
- Two-Dimensional Offline Chromatographic Fractionation for the Characterization of Humic-Like Substances in Atmospheric Aerosol Particles T. Spranger et al. 10.1021/acs.est.7b00077
- Optical Properties of Individual Tar Balls in the Free Troposphere S. Mathai et al. 10.1021/acs.est.3c03498
- Occurrence of both nonvolatile and semivolatile carbonaceous air particulate markers using thermal desorption-pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry B. Nespor et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118058
- Molecular composition of clouds: a comparison between samples collected at tropical (Réunion Island, France) and mid-north (Puy de Dôme, France) latitudes L. Pailler et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5567-2024
- Molecular insights on aging and aqueous-phase processing from ambient biomass burning emissions-influenced Po Valley fog and aerosol M. Brege et al. 10.5194/acp-18-13197-2018
- Molecular characterization of organic aerosol in the Himalayas: insight from ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Y. An et al. 10.5194/acp-19-1115-2019
- Fractal-like Tar Ball Aggregates from Wildfire Smoke G. Girotto et al. 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00229
- Perturbations of the optical properties of mineral dust particles by mixing with black carbon: a numerical simulation study B. Scarnato et al. 10.5194/acp-15-6913-2015
- Enhanced Volatile Organic Compounds emissions and organic aerosol mass increase the oligomer content of atmospheric aerosols I. Kourtchev et al. 10.1038/srep35038
- Fractal scaling of coated soot aggregates W. Heinson et al. 10.1080/02786826.2016.1249786
- Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric particle number size distributions across Spain E. Alonso-Blanco et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.046
- Impact of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on the seasonal variation in the molecular composition of urban organic aerosols: a field and laboratory study using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry K. Daellenbach et al. 10.5194/acp-19-5973-2019
- Measurement report: Aerosol vertical profiles over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) F. Gallo et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1465-2023
- Non-linear partitioning and organic volatility distributions of urban aerosols S. Madronich et al. 10.1039/C5FD00209E
- Speciation of organic aerosols in the Saharan Air Layer and in the free troposphere westerlies M. García et al. 10.5194/acp-17-8939-2017
- Review on recent progress in observations, source identifications and countermeasures of PM2.5 C. Liang et al. 10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.016
- Free tropospheric aerosols at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory: more oxidized and higher sulfate content compared to boundary layer aerosols S. Zhou et al. 10.5194/acp-19-1571-2019
- 2D Liquid Chromatographic Fractionation with Ultra-high Resolution MS Analysis Resolves a Vast Molecular Diversity of Tropospheric Particle Organics T. Spranger et al. 10.1021/acs.est.9b03839
- Assessment of Ozone Variations and Meteorological Influences in West Center of Brazil, from 2004 to 2010 A. de Souza et al. 10.1007/s11270-016-3002-0
- Linking marine phytoplankton emissions, meteorological processes, and downwind particle properties with FLEXPART K. Sanchez et al. 10.5194/acp-21-831-2021
- Particle phase-state variability in the North Atlantic free troposphere during summertime is determined by atmospheric transport patterns and sources Z. Cheng et al. 10.5194/acp-22-9033-2022
- High Molecular Diversity of Organic Nitrogen in Urban Snow in North China S. Su et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c06851
- Assessing the role of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on PM<sub>1</sub> over southern West Africa using aircraft measurements J. Brito et al. 10.5194/acp-18-757-2018
- Aerosol Composition, Mixing State, and Phase State of Free Tropospheric Particles and Their Role in Ice Cloud Formation N. Lata et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00315
- Diurnal source apportionment of organic and inorganic atmospheric particulate matter at a high-altitude mountain site under summer conditions (Sierra Nevada; Spain) C. Jaén et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167178
- Molecular and physical characteristics of aerosol at a remote free troposphere site: implications for atmospheric aging S. Schum et al. 10.5194/acp-18-14017-2018
- Extreme Molecular Complexity Resulting in a Continuum of Carbonaceous Species in Biomass Burning Tar Balls from Wildfire Smoke M. Brege et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00141
- The Role of Organic Aerosol in Atmospheric Ice Nucleation: A Review D. Knopf et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00120
- Different physicochemical behaviors of nitrate and ammonium during transport: a case study on Mt. Hua, China C. Wu et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15621-2022
- Dwindling Aromatic Compounds in Fine Aerosols from Chunk Coal to Briquette Combustion W. Wei et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4015408
- Molecular characterization of firework-related urban aerosols using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry Q. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-20-6803-2020
- How Well Do We Handle the Sample Preparation, FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Analysis, and Data Treatment of Atmospheric Waters? L. Pailler et al. 10.3390/molecules27227796
- Laboratory evaluation of species-dependent relative ionization efficiencies in the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer W. Xu et al. 10.1080/02786826.2018.1439570
- Ice cloud formation potential by free tropospheric particles from long‐range transport over the Northern Atlantic Ocean S. China et al. 10.1002/2016JD025817
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 13 Dec 2024
Short summary
Aerosol was sampled at the Pico Mountain Observatory located at 2.2km amsl on Pico Island of the North Atlantic Azores archipelago. Two aerosol samples characterized by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry had biomass burning and marine emissions origins, as corroborated by collocated gas- and particle-phase measurements, air masses analyses and satellites. The paper presents the first molecular characterization of aged and processed aerosol intercepted at a remote lower free troposphere
Aerosol was sampled at the Pico Mountain Observatory located at 2.2km amsl on Pico Island of the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint