Articles | Volume 15, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2629-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2629-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Mar 2015
Research article |
| 09 Mar 2015
How much is particulate matter near the ground influenced by upper-level processes within and above the PBL? A summertime case study in Milan (Italy) evidences the distinctive role of nitrate
CETEMPS Centre of Excellence, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
L. Ferrero
POLARIS Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
P. Tuccella
CETEMPS Centre of Excellence, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
F. Barnaba
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
F. Angelini
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
E. Bolzacchini
POLARIS Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
C. Carbone
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
H. A. C. Denier van der Gon
TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
M. C. Facchini
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
G. P. Gobbi
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
J. P. P. Kuenen
TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
T. C. Landi
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
C. Perrino
Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
M. G. Perrone
POLARIS Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
G. Sangiorgi
POLARIS Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
P. Stocchi
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
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Short summary
Particulate matter (PM) at ground level is of primary concern for the quality of the air we breathe. Most direct sources of PM are near the ground, but an important fraction of PM is produced by photochemical processes happening also in the upper atmospheric layers. We investigated the contribution of those layers to the PM near the ground and found a significant impact. Nitrate is a major player in the “vertical direction”, owing to its sensitivity to ambient temperature and relative humidity.
Particulate matter (PM) at ground level is of primary concern for the quality of the air we...
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