Articles | Volume 15, issue 24
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13895–13914, 2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13895-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13895–13914, 2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13895-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
16 Dec 2015
Research article
| 16 Dec 2015
Post-bubble close-off fractionation of gases in polar firn and ice cores: effects of accumulation rate on permeation through overloading pressure
T. Kobashi et al.
Related authors
T. Kobashi, K. Goto-Azuma, J. E. Box, C.-C. Gao, and T. Nakaegawa
Clim. Past, 9, 2299–2317, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2299-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2299-2013, 2013
T. Kobashi, D. T. Shindell, K. Kodera, J. E. Box, T. Nakaegawa, and K. Kawamura
Clim. Past, 9, 583–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, 2013
Peter Bergamaschi, Arjo Segers, Dominik Brunner, Jean-Matthieu Haussaire, Stephan Henne, Michel Ramonet, Tim Arnold, Tobias Biermann, Huilin Chen, Sebastien Conil, Marc Delmotte, Grant Forster, Arnoud Frumau, Dagmar Kubistin, Xin Lan, Markus Leuenberger, Matthias Lindauer, Morgan Lopez, Giovanni Manca, Jennifer Müller-Williams, Simon O’Doherty, Bert Scheeren, Martin Steinbacher, Pamela Trisolino, Gabriela Vítková, and Camille Yver Kwok
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-118, 2022
Preprint under review for ACP
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel high-resolution inverse modelling system ("FLEXVAR") and its application for the inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions in 2018. The new FLEXVAR system combines high spatial resolution of 7 km x 7 km with a variational data assimilation technique, which allows to optimize CH4 emissions from individual model grid cells. The high resolution allows to better reproduce the observations, while the derived emissions show overall good consistency with two existing models.
Tomotaka Saruya, Shuji Fujita, Yoshinori Iizuka, Atsushi Miyamoto, Hiroshi Ohno, Akira Hori, Wataru Shigeyama, Motohiro Hirabayashi, and Kumiko Goto-Azuma
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-336, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-336, 2021
Revised manuscript under review for TC
Short summary
Short summary
Crystal orientation fabrics (COF) of the Dome Fuji ice core was investigated with an innovative method with unprecedentedly high statistical significance and dense depth coverage. COF profile and its fluctuation were found to be highly dependent on concentration of chloride ion and dust. The data suggest deformation of ice at the deepest zone will be highly influenced by COF fluctuations that progressively develop from the near-surface firn toward the deepest zone within ice sheets.
Shun Tsutaki, Shuji Fujita, Kenji Kawamura, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Kotaro Fukui, Hideaki Motoyama, Yu Hoshina, Fumio Nakazawa, Takashi Obase, Hiroshi Ohno, Ikumi Oyabu, Fuyuki Saito, Konosuke Sugiura, and Toshitaka Suzuki
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-266, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-266, 2021
Revised manuscript under review for TC
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed an ice thickness map across the Dome Fuji region, East Antarctica, from the improved radar data and previous data collected since the late 1980s. The data acquired using the improved radar systems allowed basal topography to be identified with higher accuracy. The new ice thickness data show the bedrock topography, particularly the complex terrain of subglacial valleys and highlands south of Dome Fuji, with substantially high detail.
Naoko Nagatsuka, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Akane Tsushima, Koji Fujita, Sumito Matoba, Yukihiko Onuma, Remi Dallmayr, Moe Kadota, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Jun Ogata, Yoshimi Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Kyotaro Kitamura, Masahiro Minowa, Yuki Komuro, Hideaki Motoyama, and Teruo Aoki
Clim. Past, 17, 1341–1362, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1341-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1341-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a first high-temporal-resolution record of mineral composition in a Greenland ice core (SIGMA-D) over the past 100 years using SEM–EDS analysis. Our results show that the ice core dust composition varied on multi-decadal scales, which was likely affected by local temperature changes. We suggest that the ice core dust was constantly supplied from distant sources (mainly northern Canada) as well as local ice-free areas in warm periods (1915 to 1949 and 2005 to 2013).
Tito Arosio, Malin M. Ziehmer-Wenz, Kurt Nicolussi, Christian Schlüchter, and Markus Leuenberger
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-406, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-406, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
A recent analysis of stable isotopes of samples from larch and cembran trees, revealed that δD and δ18O exhibit no trends in adult trees, but trends in the juvenile period. In this work we applied a correlation analysis on different cambial age to verify if these changes were correlated with tree-ring width values. The results prove a significant correlation between tree-ring-width and both hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes before 100 year of cambial age, but not afterwards, in both species.
Pavel Talalay, Yazhou Li, Laurent Augustin, Gary D. Clow, Jialin Hong, Eric Lefebvre, Alexey Markov, Hideaki Motoyama, and Catherine Ritz
The Cryosphere, 14, 4021–4037, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4021-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4021-2020, 2020
Tito Arosio, Malin M. Ziehmer, Kurt Nicolussi, Christian Schlüchter, and Markus Leuenberger
Biogeosciences, 17, 4871–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotopes in tree-ring cellulose are tools for climatic reconstructions, but interpretation is challenging due to nonclimate trends. We analyzed the tree-age trends in tree-ring isotopes of deciduous larch and evergreen cembran pine. Samples covering the whole Holocene were collected at the tree line in the Alps. For cambial ages over 100 years, we prove the absence of age trends in δD, δ18O, and δ13C for both species. For lower cambial ages, trends differ for each isotope and species.
Michael Döring and Markus Christian Leuenberger
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-132, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-132, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze Holocene temperatures reconstructed from gas-stable-isotope species measured on ancient air extracted from a Greenland ice core. Also, we compare two state of the art firn-models which are needed for the inversion of the gas-isotope data to paleo-temperature and provide detailed uncertainty estimations for the reconstructed temperature estimates. Finally, we compare our reconstructed temperatures to two recent reconstructions based on the same gas-isotope data as used here.
Ece Satar, Peter Nyfeler, Bernhard Bereiter, Céline Pascale, Bernhard Niederhauser, and Markus Leuenberger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 101–117, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Good-quality measurements of atmospheric trace gases are only possible with regular calibrations and stable measurements from the standard cylinders. This study investigates instabilities due to surface effects on newly built aluminum and steel cylinders. We present measurements over a set of temperature and pressure ranges for the amount fractions of CO2, CO, CH4 and H2O using a commercial and a novel laser spectroscopic analyzer.
Ece Satar, Peter Nyfeler, Céline Pascale, Bernhard Niederhauser, and Markus Leuenberger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 119–130, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To ensure the best preparation and measurement conditions for trace gases, usage of coated materials is in demand in gas metrology and atmospheric measurement communities. In this article, the previously introduced aluminum measurement chamber is used to investigate materials such as glass, aluminum, copper, brass, steel and three different commercially available coatings. Our measurements focus on temperature and pressure dependencies for the species CO2, CO, CH4 and H2O using a CRDS analyzer.
Tesfaye A. Berhanu, John Hoffnagle, Chris Rella, David Kimhak, Peter Nyfeler, and Markus Leuenberger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6803–6826, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6803-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6803-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate measurement of variations in atmospheric O2 can provide useful information about atmospheric, biospheric, and oceanic processes, which is a challenge for existing measurement techniques. Here, we introduce a newly built high-precision, stable CRDS analyzer (Picarro G2207) that can measure O2 mixing ratios with a short-term precision of < 1 ppm and only requires calibration every 12 h. Measurements from tower and mountain sites are also presented.
Michael Döring and Markus Christian Leuenberger
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-132, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-132, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse Holocen temperatures reconstructed from gas-stable-isotope species measured on ancient air extracted from a Greenland ice core. Also, we compare two state of the art firn-models which are needed for the inversion of the gas-isotope data to paleo-temperature and provide detailed uncertainty estimations for the reconstructed temperature estimates. Finally, we compare our reconstructed temperatures to two recent reconstructions based on the same gas-isotope data as used here.
Youngjoon Jang, Sang Bum Hong, Christo Buizert, Hun-Gyu Lee, Sang-Young Han, Ji-Woong Yang, Yoshinori Iizuka, Akira Hori, Yeongcheol Han, Seong Joon Jun, Pieter Tans, Taejin Choi, Seong-Joong Kim, Soon Do Hur, and Jinho Ahn
The Cryosphere, 13, 2407–2419, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2407-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2407-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We can learn how human activity altered atmospheric air from the interstitial air in the porous snow layer (firn) on top of glaciers. However, old firn air (> 55 years) was observed only at sites where surface temperatures and snow accumulation rates are very low, such as the South Pole. In this study, we report an unusually old firn air with CO2 age of 93 years from Styx Glacier, near the Ross Sea coast in Antarctica. We hypothesize that the large snow density variations increase firn air ages.
Michael Döring and Markus C. Leuenberger
Clim. Past, 14, 763–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-763-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-763-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel approach for ice-core-based temperature reconstructions, which is based on gas-isotope data measured on enclosed air bubbles in ice cores. The processes of air movement and enclosure are highly temperature dependent due to heat diffusion in and densification of the snow and ice. Our method inverts a model, which describes these processes, to desired temperature histories. This paper examines the performance of our novel approach on different synthetic isotope-data scenarios.
Ye Yuan, Ludwig Ries, Hannes Petermeier, Martin Steinbacher, Angel J. Gómez-Peláez, Markus C. Leuenberger, Marcus Schumacher, Thomas Trickl, Cedric Couret, Frank Meinhardt, and Annette Menzel
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1501–1514, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1501-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1501-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a novel statistical method, ADVS, for baseline selection of representative CO2 data at elevated mountain measurement stations. It provides insights on how data processing techniques are critical for measurements and data analyses. Compared with other statistical methods, our method appears to be a good option as a generalized approach with improved comparability, which is important for research on measurement site characteristics and comparisons between stations.
Malin M. Ziehmer, Kurt Nicolussi, Christian Schlüchter, and Markus Leuenberger
Biogeosciences, 15, 1047–1064, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1047-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1047-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Cellulose content (CC (%)) series from two high-Alpine species, Larix decidua Mill. (European larch, LADE) and Pinus cembra L. (Swiss stone pine, PICE) are investigated in modern wood samples and Holocene wood remains from the Early and mid-Holocene. Trends in modern and Holocene time series as well as climate–cellulose relationships for modern trees in the Alps show high potential for CC (%) to be established as novel supplementary proxy in dendroclimatology.
Tesfaye A. Berhanu, Sönke Szidat, Dominik Brunner, Ece Satar, Rüdiger Schanda, Peter Nyfeler, Michael Battaglia, Martin Steinbacher, Samuel Hammer, and Markus Leuenberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10753–10766, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10753-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10753-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Fossil fuel CO2 is the major contributor of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere, and accurate quantification is essential to better understand the carbon cycle. Such accurate quantification can be conducted based on radiocarbon measurements. In this study, we present radiocarbon measurements from a tall tower site in Switzerland. From these measurements, we have observed seasonally varying fossil fuel CO2 contributions and a biospheric CO2 component that varies diurnally and seasonally.
Kathrin M. Keller, Sebastian Lienert, Anil Bozbiyik, Thomas F. Stocker, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), David C. Frank, Stefan Klesse, Charles D. Koven, Markus Leuenberger, William J. Riley, Matthias Saurer, Rolf Siegwolf, Rosemarie B. Weigt, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 14, 2641–2673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2641-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2641-2017, 2017
Johannes C. Laube, Norfazrin Mohd Hanif, Patricia Martinerie, Eileen Gallacher, Paul J. Fraser, Ray Langenfelds, Carl A. M. Brenninkmeijer, Jakob Schwander, Emmanuel Witrant, Jia-Lin Wang, Chang-Feng Ou-Yang, Lauren J. Gooch, Claire E. Reeves, William T. Sturges, and David E. Oram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15347–15358, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15347-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15347-2016, 2016
Olivier Eicher, Matthias Baumgartner, Adrian Schilt, Jochen Schmitt, Jakob Schwander, Thomas F. Stocker, and Hubertus Fischer
Clim. Past, 12, 1979–1993, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1979-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1979-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A new high-resolution total air content record over the NGRIP ice core, spanning 0.3–120 kyr is presented. In agreement with Antarctic ice cores, we find a strong local insolation signature but also 3–5 % decreases in total air content as a local response to Dansgaard–Oeschger events, which can only partly be explained by changes in surface pressure and temperature. Accordingly, a dynamic response of firnification to rapid climate changes on the Greenland ice sheet must have occurred.
Cathy M. Trudinger, Paul J. Fraser, David M. Etheridge, William T. Sturges, Martin K. Vollmer, Matt Rigby, Patricia Martinerie, Jens Mühle, David R. Worton, Paul B. Krummel, L. Paul Steele, Benjamin R. Miller, Johannes Laube, Francis S. Mani, Peter J. Rayner, Christina M. Harth, Emmanuel Witrant, Thomas Blunier, Jakob Schwander, Simon O'Doherty, and Mark Battle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11733–11754, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11733-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11733-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are potent, long-lived and mostly man-made greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere mainly during aluminium production and semiconductor manufacture. Here we present the first continuous histories of three PFCs from 1800 to 2014, derived from measurements of these PFCs in the atmosphere and in air bubbles in polar ice. The records show how human actions have affected these important greenhouse gases over the past century.
Michael F. Schibig, Emmanuel Mahieu, Stephan Henne, Bernard Lejeune, and Markus C. Leuenberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9935–9949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9935-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9935-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Two CO2 time series measured at the High Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3580 m a.s.l.), in the period from 2005 to 2013 were compared. One data set was measured in situ whereas the other data set was measured in the column above Jungfraujoch. The trends of the column integrated and the in situ data set are in good agreement, the amplitude of the in situ data set is ca. two times the amplitude of the column integrated data set, because it is closer to the sources and sinks.
Tesfaye Ayalneh Berhanu, Ece Satar, Rudiger Schanda, Peter Nyfeler, Hanspeter Moret, Dominik Brunner, Brian Oney, and Markus Leuenberger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2603–2614, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2603-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2603-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, we have presented Co, CO2 and CH4 measurement data from an old radio tower tower (217.5 m) at Beromunster, Switzerland. From about 2 years of continuous CO, CO2 and CH4 measurement at five different heights, we have determined a long-term reproducibility of 2.79 ppb, 0.05 ppm and 0.29 ppb for CO, CO2 and CH4, respectively, compliant with the GAW requirements. We have also observed seasonal and diurnal variation of these species.
Ece Satar, Tesfaye A. Berhanu, Dominik Brunner, Stephan Henne, and Markus Leuenberger
Biogeosciences, 13, 2623–2635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2623-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2623-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Beromünster tall tower is the flagship of the densely placed Swiss greenhouse gas observation network (CarboCount CH). In this research article we report the first 2 years of the continuous greenhouse gas measurements using cavity ring down spectroscopy analyzer from this tall tower. We have adopted a purely observation based, multi-species and multi-level approach to characterize the site with respect to sources and sinks of natural and anthropogenic origin at diurnal to annual timescales.
Lucie Bazin, Amaelle Landais, Emilie Capron, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Catherine Ritz, Ghislain Picard, Jean Jouzel, Marie Dumont, Markus Leuenberger, and Frédéric Prié
Clim. Past, 12, 729–748, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-729-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-729-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present new measurements of δO2⁄N2 and δ18Oatm performed on well-conserved ice from EDC covering MIS5 and between 380 and 800 ka. The combination of the observation of a 100 ka periodicity in the new δO2⁄N2 record with a MIS5 multi-site multi-proxy study has revealed a potential influence of local climatic parameters on δO2⁄N2. Moreover, we propose that the varying delay between d18Oatm and precession for the last 800 ka is affected by the occurrence of ice sheet discharge events.
Stephan Henne, Dominik Brunner, Brian Oney, Markus Leuenberger, Werner Eugster, Ines Bamberger, Frank Meinhardt, Martin Steinbacher, and Lukas Emmenegger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3683–3710, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3683-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3683-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gas emissions can be assessed by "top-down" methods that combine atmospheric observations, a transport model and a mathematical optimisation framework. Here, we apply such a top-down method to the methane emissions of Switzerland, utilising observations from the recently installed CarboCount-CH network. Our Swiss total emissions largely agree with those of the national "bottom-up" inventory, whereas regional differences suggest lower than reported emissions from manure handling.
M. C. Leuenberger, M. F. Schibig, and P. Nyfeler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 5289–5299, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5289-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5289-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Adsorption/desorption effects of trace gases in gas cylinders were investigated. Our measurements indicate a rather strong effect on steel cylinders for CO2 that becomes easily visible through enhanced concentrations for low (<20 bars) gas pressure. Much smaller effects are observed for CO and CH4. Significantly smaller effects are measured for all gas species investigated on aluminium cylinders. Careful selection of gas cylinders for high-precision calibration purposes is recommended.
S. Fujita, F. Parrenin, M. Severi, H. Motoyama, and E. W. Wolff
Clim. Past, 11, 1395–1416, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1395-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1395-2015, 2015
B. Oney, S. Henne, N. Gruber, M. Leuenberger, I. Bamberger, W. Eugster, and D. Brunner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11147–11164, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11147-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11147-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present a detailed analysis of a new greenhouse gas measurement network
in the Swiss Plateau, situated between the Jura mountains and the Alps. We
find the network's measurements to be information rich and suitable
for studying surface carbon fluxes of the study region. However, we are
limited by the high-resolution (2km) atmospheric transport model's ability
to simulate meteorology at the individual measurement stations, especially
at those situated in rough terrain.
S. J. Allin, J. C. Laube, E. Witrant, J. Kaiser, E. McKenna, P. Dennis, R. Mulvaney, E. Capron, P. Martinerie, T. Röckmann, T. Blunier, J. Schwander, P. J. Fraser, R. L. Langenfelds, and W. T. Sturges
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6867–6877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6867-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6867-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth from harmful UV-B radiation. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are man-made compounds which act to destroy this barrier.
This paper presents (1) the first measurements of the stratospheric δ(37Cl) of CFCs -11 and -113; (2) the first quantification of long-term trends in the tropospheric δ(37Cl) of CFCs -11, -12 and -113.
This study provides a better understanding of source and sink processes associated with these destructive compounds.
M. Niwano, T. Aoki, S. Matoba, S. Yamaguchi, T. Tanikawa, K. Kuchiki, and H. Motoyama
The Cryosphere, 9, 971–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-971-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-971-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A physical snowpack model SMAP and in situ meteorological and snow data obtained at site SIGMA-A on the northwest Greenland ice sheet are used to assess surface energy balance during the extreme near-surface snowmelt event around 12 July 2012. We determined that the main factor for the melt event observed at the SIGMA-A site was low-level clouds accompanied by a significant temperature increase, which induced surface heating via cloud radiative forcing in the polar region.
M. S. Studer, R. T. W. Siegwolf, M. Leuenberger, and S. Abiven
Biogeosciences, 12, 1865–1879, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1865-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1865-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new technique to label organic matter (OM) at its place of formation by the application of 13C, 18O and 2H through the gaseous phase. The label diffused into leaves was incorporated into assimilates and was detected in plant tissues. This technique can be applied in soil sciences, e.g. to trace the decomposition pathways of soil OM inputs, or in plant physiology and palaeoclimatic reconstruction, e.g. to further investigate the origin of the 18O and 2H signal in tree ring cellulose.
F. Parrenin, S. Fujita, A. Abe-Ouchi, K. Kawamura, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Motoyama, F. Saito, M. Severi, B. Stenni, R. Uemura, and E. Wolff
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-377-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-377-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
M. F. Schibig, M. Steinbacher, B. Buchmann, I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx, S. van der Laan, S. Ranjan, and M. C. Leuenberger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 57–68, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-57-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-57-2015, 2015
M. C. Leuenberger, M. F. Schibig, and P. Nyfeler
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-19293-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-19293-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
S. Affolter, D. Fleitmann, and M. Leuenberger
Clim. Past, 10, 1291–1304, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1291-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1291-2014, 2014
I. Mariani, A. Eichler, T. M. Jenk, S. Brönnimann, R. Auchmann, M. C. Leuenberger, and M. Schwikowski
Clim. Past, 10, 1093–1108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1093-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1093-2014, 2014
P. Kindler, M. Guillevic, M. Baumgartner, J. Schwander, A. Landais, and M. Leuenberger
Clim. Past, 10, 887–902, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-887-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-887-2014, 2014
M. Baumgartner, P. Kindler, O. Eicher, G. Floch, A. Schilt, J. Schwander, R. Spahni, E. Capron, J. Chappellaz, M. Leuenberger, H. Fischer, and T. F. Stocker
Clim. Past, 10, 903–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-903-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-903-2014, 2014
Z. Kern, B. Kohán, and M. Leuenberger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1897–1907, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1897-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1897-2014, 2014
B. Bereiter, H. Fischer, J. Schwander, and T. F. Stocker
The Cryosphere, 8, 245–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-245-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-245-2014, 2014
Y. Motizuki, Y. Nakai, K. Takahashi, M. Igarashi, H. Motoyama, and K. Suzuki
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-769-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-769-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
H. Fischer, J. Severinghaus, E. Brook, E. Wolff, M. Albert, O. Alemany, R. Arthern, C. Bentley, D. Blankenship, J. Chappellaz, T. Creyts, D. Dahl-Jensen, M. Dinn, M. Frezzotti, S. Fujita, H. Gallee, R. Hindmarsh, D. Hudspeth, G. Jugie, K. Kawamura, V. Lipenkov, H. Miller, R. Mulvaney, F. Parrenin, F. Pattyn, C. Ritz, J. Schwander, D. Steinhage, T. van Ommen, and F. Wilhelms
Clim. Past, 9, 2489–2505, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2489-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2489-2013, 2013
T. Kobashi, K. Goto-Azuma, J. E. Box, C.-C. Gao, and T. Nakaegawa
Clim. Past, 9, 2299–2317, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2299-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2299-2013, 2013
V. V. Petrenko, P. Martinerie, P. Novelli, D. M. Etheridge, I. Levin, Z. Wang, T. Blunier, J. Chappellaz, J. Kaiser, P. Lang, L. P. Steele, S. Hammer, J. Mak, R. L. Langenfelds, J. Schwander, J. P. Severinghaus, E. Witrant, G. Petron, M. O. Battle, G. Forster, W. T. Sturges, J.-F. Lamarque, K. Steffen, and J. W. C. White
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7567–7585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7567-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7567-2013, 2013
L. Bazin, A. Landais, B. Lemieux-Dudon, H. Toyé Mahamadou Kele, D. Veres, F. Parrenin, P. Martinerie, C. Ritz, E. Capron, V. Lipenkov, M.-F. Loutre, D. Raynaud, B. Vinther, A. Svensson, S. O. Rasmussen, M. Severi, T. Blunier, M. Leuenberger, H. Fischer, V. Masson-Delmotte, J. Chappellaz, and E. Wolff
Clim. Past, 9, 1715–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1715-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1715-2013, 2013
I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx, S. van der Laan, C. Uglietti, M. F. Schibig, R. E. M. Neubert, H. A. J. Meijer, W. A. Brand, A. Jordan, J. M. Richter, M. Rothe, and M. C. Leuenberger
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1805–1815, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1805-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1805-2013, 2013
M. Guillevic, L. Bazin, A. Landais, P. Kindler, A. Orsi, V. Masson-Delmotte, T. Blunier, S. L. Buchardt, E. Capron, M. Leuenberger, P. Martinerie, F. Prié, and B. M. Vinther
Clim. Past, 9, 1029–1051, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1029-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1029-2013, 2013
E. Capron, A. Landais, D. Buiron, A. Cauquoin, J. Chappellaz, M. Debret, J. Jouzel, M. Leuenberger, P. Martinerie, V. Masson-Delmotte, R. Mulvaney, F. Parrenin, and F. Prié
Clim. Past, 9, 983–999, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-983-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-983-2013, 2013
A. Svensson, M. Bigler, T. Blunier, H. B. Clausen, D. Dahl-Jensen, H. Fischer, S. Fujita, K. Goto-Azuma, S. J. Johnsen, K. Kawamura, S. Kipfstuhl, M. Kohno, F. Parrenin, T. Popp, S. O. Rasmussen, J. Schwander, I. Seierstad, M. Severi, J. P. Steffensen, R. Udisti, R. Uemura, P. Vallelonga, B. M. Vinther, A. Wegner, F. Wilhelms, and M. Winstrup
Clim. Past, 9, 749–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-749-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-749-2013, 2013
T. Kobashi, D. T. Shindell, K. Kodera, J. E. Box, T. Nakaegawa, and K. Kawamura
Clim. Past, 9, 583–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Gases | Research Activity: Laboratory Studies | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Scattering and absorption cross sections of atmospheric gases in the ultraviolet–visible wavelength range (307–725 nm)
Ship emissions around China under gradually promoted control policies from 2016 to 2019
Technical note: A new approach to discriminate different black carbon sources by utilising fullerene and metals in positive matrix factorisation analysis of high-resolution soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer data
Molecular understanding of new-particle formation from α-pinene between −50 and +25 °C
The influence of transformed Reynolds number suppression on gas transfer parameterizations and global DMS and CO2 fluxes
Gas chromatography using ice-coated fused silica columns: study of adsorption of sulfur dioxide on water ice
Estimation of volatile organic compound emissions for Europe using data assimilation
Wind tunnel experiments on the retention of trace gases during riming: nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen peroxide
European source and sink areas of CO2 retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O2 and CO2 measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch
Homogenous nucleation of sulfuric acid and water at close to atmospherically relevant conditions
A laboratory based experimental study of mercury emission from contaminated soils in the River Idrijca catchment
Quanfu He, Zheng Fang, Ofir Shoshanim, Steven S. Brown, and Yinon Rudich
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 14927–14940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rayleigh scattering and absorption cross sections for CO2, N2O, SF6, O2, and CH4 were measured between 307 and 725 nm. New dispersion relations for N2O, SF6, and CH4 in the UV–vis range were derived. This study provides refractive index dispersion relations, scattering, and absorption cross sections which are highly needed for accurate instrument calibration and for improved accuracy of Rayleigh scattering parameterizations for major greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere.
Xiaotong Wang, Wen Yi, Zhaofeng Lv, Fanyuan Deng, Songxin Zheng, Hailian Xu, Junchao Zhao, Huan Liu, and Kebin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13835–13853, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13835-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13835-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study updates our previous Ship Emission Inventory Model to version 2.0 (SEIM v2.0) and develops high-spatiotemporal ship emission inventories of China’s inland rivers and a 200 nautical mile coastal zone in 2016–2019. The 4-year consecutive daily ship emissions and emission structure changes are analyzed from the national to port levels. The results of this study can provide high-quality datasets for air quality modeling and observation experiment verifications.
Zainab Bibi, Hugh Coe, James Brooks, Paul I. Williams, Ernesto Reyes-Villegas, Michael Priestley, Carl J. Percival, and James D. Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10763–10777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10763-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10763-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We are presenting a new method to apportion black carbon/soot into multiple sources through the inclusion of fullerene and metal data into HR-SP-AMS factorisation. While this itself would be considered a technical development, we can present a budget of contributions to measured BC during the event studied, including the conclusion that fireworks contributed little compared to the bonfire, traffic, and domestic wood-burning emissions.
Mario Simon, Lubna Dada, Martin Heinritzi, Wiebke Scholz, Dominik Stolzenburg, Lukas Fischer, Andrea C. Wagner, Andreas Kürten, Birte Rörup, Xu-Cheng He, João Almeida, Rima Baalbaki, Andrea Baccarini, Paulus S. Bauer, Lisa Beck, Anton Bergen, Federico Bianchi, Steffen Bräkling, Sophia Brilke, Lucia Caudillo, Dexian Chen, Biwu Chu, António Dias, Danielle C. Draper, Jonathan Duplissy, Imad El-Haddad, Henning Finkenzeller, Carla Frege, Loic Gonzalez-Carracedo, Hamish Gordon, Manuel Granzin, Jani Hakala, Victoria Hofbauer, Christopher R. Hoyle, Changhyuk Kim, Weimeng Kong, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan P. Lee, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Markus Leiminger, Huajun Mai, Hanna E. Manninen, Guillaume Marie, Ruby Marten, Bernhard Mentler, Ugo Molteni, Leonid Nichman, Wei Nie, Andrea Ojdanic, Antti Onnela, Eva Partoll, Tuukka Petäjä, Joschka Pfeifer, Maxim Philippov, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Ananth Ranjithkumar, Matti P. Rissanen, Simon Schallhart, Siegfried Schobesberger, Simone Schuchmann, Jiali Shen, Mikko Sipilä, Gerhard Steiner, Yuri Stozhkov, Christian Tauber, Yee J. Tham, António R. Tomé, Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau, Alexander L. Vogel, Robert Wagner, Mingyi Wang, Dongyu S. Wang, Yonghong Wang, Stefan K. Weber, Yusheng Wu, Mao Xiao, Chao Yan, Penglin Ye, Qing Ye, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Xueqin Zhou, Urs Baltensperger, Josef Dommen, Richard C. Flagan, Armin Hansel, Markku Kulmala, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Douglas R. Worsnop, Neil M. Donahue, Jasper Kirkby, and Joachim Curtius
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9183–9207, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Highly oxygenated organic compounds (HOMs) have been identified as key vapors involved in atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF). The molecular distribution, HOM yield, and NPF from α-pinene oxidation experiments were measured at the CLOUD chamber over a wide tropospheric-temperature range. This study shows on a molecular scale that despite the sharp reduction in HOM yield at lower temperatures, the reduced volatility counteracts this effect and leads to an overall increase in the NPF rate.
Alexander Zavarsky and Christa A. Marandino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1819–1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1819-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1819-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Wind–wave interaction can suppress gas transfer between the atmosphere and the ocean. Using a global wave model we investigate the impact of this interaction on the global gas transfer of CO2 and DMS. We also investigate the impact on of gas transfer limitation on two commonly used gas transfer velocity parameterizations.
Stefan Langenberg and Ulrich Schurath
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7527–7537, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7527-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7527-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The processes of the interaction of sulfur dioxide with water ice are still not fully understood. We demonstrate how the well established technique of gas chromatography can be used to investigate interactions of sulfur dioxide with a crystalline ice film deposited in a fused silica wide bore column. Our experiments reveal that the interaction is a combination of three processes: (i) physisorption, (ii) dissociative reaction with water and (iii) slow uptake into bulk ice.
M. R. Koohkan, M. Bocquet, Y. Roustan, Y. Kim, and C. Seigneur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5887–5905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5887-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5887-2013, 2013
N. von Blohn, K. Diehl, S. K. Mitra, and S. Borrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11569–11579, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11569-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11569-2011, 2011
C. Uglietti, M. Leuenberger, and D. Brunner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8017–8036, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8017-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8017-2011, 2011
D. Brus, K. Neitola, A.-P. Hyvärinen, T. Petäjä, J. Vanhanen, M. Sipilä, P. Paasonen, M. Kulmala, and H. Lihavainen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5277–5287, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5277-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5277-2011, 2011
D. Kocman and M. Horvat
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1417–1426, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1417-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1417-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Ahn, J. and Brook, E. J.: Atmospheric CO2 and climate on millennial time scales during the last glacial period, Science, 322, 83–85, 2008.
Ahn, J., Headly, M., Wahlen, M., Brook, E. J., Mayewski, P. A., and Taylor, K. C.: CO2 diffusion in polar ice: observations from naturally formed CO2 spikes in the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core, J. Glaciol., 54, 685–695, 2008.
Alley, R. B., Shuman, C. A., Meese, D. A., Gow, A. J., Taylor, K. C., Cuffey, K. M., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Grootes, P. M., Zielinski, G. A., Ram, M., Spinelli, G., and Elder, B.: Visual-stratigraphic dating of the GISP2 ice core: Basis, reproducibility, and application, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 102, 26367–26381, 1997.
Aydin, M., Montzka, S. A., Battle, M. O., Williams, M. B., De Bruyn, W. J., Butler, J. H., Verhulst, K. R., Tatum, C., Gun, B. K., Plotkin, D. A., Hall, B. D., and Saltzman, E. S.: Post-coring entrapment of modern air in some shallow ice cores collected near the firn-ice transition: evidence from CFC-12 measurements in Antarctic firn air and ice cores, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5135–5144, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5135-2010, 2010.
Battle, M. O., Severinghaus, J. P., Sofen, E. D., Plotkin, D., Orsi, A. J., Aydin, M., Montzka, S. A., Sowers, T., and Tans, P. P.: Controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11007–11021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11007-2011, 2011.
Bendel, V., Ueltzhöffer, K. J., Freitag, J., Kipfstuhl, S., Kuhs, W. F., Garbe, C. S., and Faria, S. H.: High-resolution variations in size, number and arrangement of air bubbles in the EPICA DML (Antarctica) ice core, J. Glaciol., 59, 972–980, 2013.
Bender, M., Sowers, T., and Lipenkov, V.: On the Concentrations of O2, N2, and Ar in Trapped Gases from Ice Cores, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 18651–18660, 1995.
Bender, M. L.: Orbital tuning chronology for the Vostok climate record supported by trapped gas composition, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 204, 275–289, 2002.
Bereiter, B., Schwander, J., Lüthi, D., and Stocker, T. F.: Change in CO2 concentration and O2/N2 ratio in ice cores due to molecular diffusion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036737, 2009.
Bereiter, B., Fischer, H., Schwander, J., and Stocker, T. F.: Diffusive equilibration of N2, O2 and CO2 mixing ratios in a 1.5-million-years-old ice core, The Cryosphere, 8, 245–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-245-2014, 2014.
Craig, H., Horibe, Y., and Sowers, T.: Gravitational separation of gases and isotopes in polar ice caps, Science, 242, 1675–1678, 1988.
Cuffey, K. M. and Clow, G. D.: Temperature, accumulation, and ice sheet elevation in central Greenland through the last deglacial transition, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 102, 26383–26396, 1997.
Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N. S., Miller, H., Watanabe, O., Johnsen, S. J., Steffensen, J. P., Clausen, H. B., Svensson, A., and Larsen, L. B.: The NorthGRIP deep drilling programme, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 1–4, 2002.
Eicher, O., Baumgartner, M., Schilt, A., Schmitt, J., Schwander, J., Stocker, T. F., and Fischer, H.: Climatic and insolation control on the high-resolution total air content in the NGRIP ice core, Clim. Past Discuss., 11, 5509–5548, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-5509-2015, 2015.
Enting, I. G.: On the use of smoothing splines to filter CO2 data, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 92, 10977–10984, 1987.
Fujita, S., Okuyama, J., Hori, A., and Hondoh, T.: Metamorphism of stratified firn at Dome Fuji, Antarctica: A mechanism for local insolation modulation of gas transport conditions during bubble close off, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 114, F03023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001143, 2009.
Gkinis, V., Simonsena, S. B., Buchardta, S. L., White, J. W. C., and Vinther, B. M.: Water isotope diffusion rates from the NorthGRIP ice core for the last 16,000 years – Glaciological and paleoclimatic implications, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 405, 132–141, 2014.
Goujon, C., Barnola, J. M., and Ritz, C.: Modeling the densification of polar firn including heat diffusion: Application to close-off characteristics and gas isotopic fractionation for Antarctica and Greenland sites, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4792, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003319, 2003.
Gow, A. and Williamson, T.: Gas inclusions in the Antarctic ice sheet and their glaciological significance, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 5101–5108, 1975.
Gow, A. J., Meese, D. A., Alley, R. B., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Anandakrishnan, S., Woods, G. A., and Elder, B. C.: Physical and structural properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core: A review, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 102, 26559–26575, 1997.
Headly, M. A.: Krypton and xenon in air trapped in polar ice cores: paleo-atmospheric measurements for estimating past mean ocean temperature and summer snowmelt frequency, PhD, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 247 pp., 2008.
Herron, M. M. and Langway, C. C.: Firn densification: an empirical model, J. Glaciol., 25, 373–385, 1980.
Hörhold, M. W., Laepple, T., Freitag, J., Bigler, M., Fischer, H., and Kipfstuhl, S.: On the impact of impurities on the densification of polar firn, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 325–326, 93–99, 2012.
Huber, C., Beyerle, U., Leuenberger, M., Schwander, J., Kipfer, R., Spahni, R., Severinghaus, J. P., and Weiler, K.: Evidence for molecular size dependent gas fractionation in firn air derived from noble gases, oxygen, and nitrogen measurements, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 243, 61–73, 2006.
Ikeda, T., Fukazawa, H., Mae, S., Pepin, L., Duval, P., Champagnon, B., Lipenkov, V. Y., and Hondoh, T.: Extreme fractionation of gases caused by formation of clathrate hydrates in Vostok Antarctic ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 91–94, 1999.
Ikeda-Fukazawa, T. and Kawamura, K.: Effects of ions on dynamics of ice surface, Chem. Phys. Lett., 417, 561–565, 2006.
Ikeda-Fukazawa, T., Hondoh, T., Fukumura, T., Fukazawa, H., and Mae, S.: Variation in N2/O2 ratio of occluded air in Dome Fuji antarctic ice, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 17799–17810, 2001.
Ikeda-Fukazawa, T., Kawamura, K., and Hondoh, T.: Mechanism of molecular diffusion in ice crystals, Mol. Simult., 30, 973–979, 2004.
Ikeda-Fukazawa, T., Fukumizu, K., Kawamura, K., Aoki, S., Nakazawa, T., and Hondoh, T.: Effects of molecular diffusion on trapped gas composition in polar ice cores, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 229, 183–192, 2005.
Ito, H. and Minobe, S.: Data analysis for meteorology and physical oceanography, Meteorological Research Note, 233, Meteorological Society of Japan, 263 pp., 2010.
Kawamura, K., Severinghaus, J. P., Ishidoya, S., Sugawara, S., Hashida, G., Motoyama, H., Fujii, Y., Aoki, S., and Nakazawa, T.: Convective mixing of air in firn at four polar sites, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 244, 672–682, 2006.
Kawamura, K., Parrenin, F., Lisiecki, L., Uemura, R., Vimeux, F., Severinghaus, J. P., Hutterli, M. A., Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., and Jouzel, J.: Northern Hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles in Antarctica over the past 360,000 years, Nature, 448, 912–916, 2007.
Kobashi, T., Severinghaus, J., Brook, E. J., Barnola, J. M., and Grachev, A.: Precise timing and characterization of abrupt climate change 8,200 years ago from air trapped in polar ice, Quarternary Sci. Rev., 26, 1212–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.009, 2007.
Kobashi, T., Severinghaus, J. P., and Barnola, J. M.: 4 ± 1.5 °C abrupt warming 11,270 years ago identified from trapped air in Greenland ice, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 268, 397–407, 2008a.
Kobashi, T., Severinghaus, J. P., and Kawamura, K.: Argon and nitrogen isotopes of trapped air in the GISP2 ice core during the Holocene epoch (0–11,600 B.P.): Methodology and implications for gas loss processes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 72, 4675–4686, 2008b.
Kobashi, T., Severinghaus, J. P., Barnola, J. M., Kawamura, K., Carter, T., and Nakaegawa, T.: Persistent multi-decadal Greenland temperature fluctuation through the last millennium, Climatic Change, 100, 733–756, 2010.
Kobashi, T., Kawamura, K., Severinghaus, J. P., Barnola, J.-M., Nakaegawa, T., Vinther, B. M., Johnsen, S. J., and Box, J. E.: High variability of Greenland surface temperature over the past 4000 years estimated from trapped air in an ice core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049444, 2011.
Kobashi, T., Shindell, D. T., Kodera, K., Box, J. E., Nakaegawa, T., and Kawamura, K.: On the origin of multidecadal to centennial Greenland temperature anomalies over the past 800 yr, Clim. Past, 9, 583–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013, 2013.
Kobashi, T., Box, J., Vinther, B., Goto-Azuma, K., Blunier, T., White, J., Nakaegawa, T., and Andresen, C.: Modern solar maximum forced late twentieth century Greenland cooling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 5992–5999, 2015.
Landais, A., Dreyfus, G., Capron, E., Pol, K., Loutre, M. F., Raynaud, D., Lipenkov, V. Y., Arnaud, L., Masson-Delmotte, V., Paillard, D., Jouzel, J., and Leuenberger, M.: Towards orbital dating of the EPICA Dome C ice core using δO2/N2, Clim. Past, 8, 191–203, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-191-2012, 2012.
Lipenkov, V. Y.: Air bubbles and air-hydrate crystals in the Vostok ice core, Physics of Ice Core Records, 327–358, Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, Japan, 480 pp., 2000.
Lipenkov, V. Y., Raynaud, D., Loutre, M., and Duval, P.: On the potential of coupling air content and O2/N2 from trapped air for establishing an ice core chronology tuned on local insolation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 3280–3289, 2011.
Lomonaco, R., Albert, M., and Baker, I.: Microstructural evolution of fine-grained layers through the firn column at Summit, Greenland, J. Glaciol., 57, 755–762, 2011.
Matzl, M. and Schneebeli, M.: Measuring specific surface area of snow by near-infrared photography, J. Glaciol., 52, 558–564, 2006.
Mitchell, L. E., Buizert, C., Brook, E. J., Breton, D. J., Fegyveresi, J., Baggenstos, D., Orsi, A., Severinghaus, J., Alley, R. B., Albert, M., Rhodes, R. H., McConnell, J. R., Sigl, M., Maselli, O., Gregory, S., and Ahn, J.: Observing and modeling the influence of layering on bubble trapping in polar firn, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 2558–2574, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022766, 2015.
Orsi, A. J.: Temperature reconstruction at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, for the last millennium from the combination of borehole temperature and inert gas isotope measurements, PhD Thesis, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 243 pp., 2013.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N., Barnola, J., Basile, I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., and Delaygue, G.: Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica, Nature, 399, 429–436, 1999.
Raynaud, D., Lipenkov, V., Lemieux-Dudon, B., Duval, P., Loutre, M. F., and Lhomme, N.: The local insolation signature of air content in Antarctic ice. A new step toward an absolute dating of ice records, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 261, 337–349, 2007.
Salamatin, A. N., Lipenkov, V. Y., Ikeda-Fukazawa, T., and Hondoh, T.: Kinetics of air–hydrate nucleation in polar ice sheets, J. Cryst. Growth, 223, 285–305, 2001.
Schwander, J.: The transformation of snow to ice and the occlusion of gases, in: Glaciers and Ice Sheets, edited by: Oeschger, H. and Langway Jr., C. C., John Wiley, New York, 53–67, 1989.
Schwander, J., Barnola, J. M., Andrie, C., Leuenberger, M., Ludin, A., Raynaud, D., and Stauffer, B.: The age of the air in the firn and the ice at Summit, Greenland, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98, 2831–2838, 1993.
Schwander, J., Sowers, T., Barnola, J. M., Blunier, T., Fuchs, A., and Malaize, B.: Age scale of the air in the summit ice: Implication for glacial-interglacial temperature change, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 19483–19493, 1997.
Seierstad, I. K., Abbott, P. M., Bigler, M., Blunier, T., Bourne, A. J., Brook, E., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Clausen, H. B., Cook, E., Dahl-Jensen, D., Davies, S. M., Guillevic, M., Johnsen, S. J., Pedersen, D. S., Popp, T. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Severinghaus, J., Svensson, A., and Vinther, B. M.: Consistently dated records from the Greenland GRIP, GISP2 and NGRIP ice cores for the past 104 ka reveal regional millennial-scale δ18O gradients with possible Heinrich event imprint, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 106, 29–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.032, 2014.
Severinghaus, J. P. and Battle, M. O.: Fractionation of gases in polar lee during bubble close-off: New constraints from firn air Ne, Kr and Xe observations, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 244, 474–500, 2006.
Severinghaus, J. P., Sowers, T., Brook, E. J., Alley, R. B., and Bender, M. L.: Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas interval from thermally fractionated gases in polar ice, Nature, 391, 141–146, 1998.
Severinghaus, J. P., Grachev, A., Luz, B., and Caillon, N.: A method for precise measurement of argon 40/36 and krypton/argon ratios in trapped air in polar ice with applications to past firn thickness and abrupt climate change in Greenland and at Siple Dome, Antarctica, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 67, 325–343, 2003.
Severinghaus, J. P., Beaudette, R., Headly, M., Taylor, K., and Brook, E.: Oxygen-18 of O2 records the impact of abrupt climate change on the terrestrial biosphere, Science, 324, 1431–1434, 2009.
Spahni, R., Schwander, J., Fluckiger, J., Stauffer, B., Chappellaz, J., and Raynaud, D.: The attenuation of fast atmospheric CH4 variations recorded in polar ice cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1571, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017093, 2003.
Spahni, R., Chappellaz, J., Stocker, T. F., Loulergue, L., Hausammann, G., Kawamura, K., Fluckiger, J., Schwander, J., Raynaud, D., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Jouzel, J.: Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide of the late Pleistocene from Antarctic ice cores, Science, 310, 1317–1321, 2005.
Stuiver, M., Grootes, P. M., and Braziunas, T. F.: The GISP2 delta O-18 climate record of the past 16,500 years and the role of the sun, ocean, and volcanoes, Quaternary Res., 44, 341–354, 1995.
Suwa, M. and Bender, M. L.: Chronology of the Vostok ice core constrained by O2/N2 ratios of occluded air, and its implication for the Vostok climate records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 27, 1093–1106, 2008a.
Suwa, M. and Bender, M. L.: O2/N2 ratios of occluded air in the GISP2 ice core, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D11119, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009589, 2008b.
Ueltzhöffer, K. J., Bendel, V., Freitag, J., Kipfstuhl, S., Wagenbach, D., Faria, S. H., and Garbe, C. S.: Distribution of air bubbles in the EDML and EDC (Antarctica) ice cores, using a new method of automatic image analysis, J. Glaciol., 56, 339–348, 2010.
Vinther, B. M., Clausen, H. B., Johnsen, S. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Andersen, K. K., Buchardt, S. L., Dahl-Jensen, D., Seierstad, I. K., Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., and Steffensen, J. P.: A synchronized dating of three Greenland ice cores throughout the Holocene, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D13102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006921, 2006.
Vinther, B. M., Buchardt, S. L., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S. J., Fisher, D. A., Koerner, R. M., Raynaud, D., Lipenkov, V., Andersen, K. K., Blunier, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Steffensen, J. P., and Svensson, A. M.: Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet, Nature, 461, 385–388, 2009.
Von Storch, H., Zorita, E., Jones, J. M., Dimitriev, Y., González-Rouco, F., and Tett, S. F.: Reconstructing past climate from noisy data, Science, 306, 679–682, 2004.
Watanabe, O., Kamiyama, K., Motoyama, H., Fujii, Y., Igarashi, M., Furukawa, T., Goto-Azuma, K., Saito, T., Kanamori, S., Kanamori, N., Yoshida, N., and Uemura, R.: General tendencies of stable isotopes and major chemical constituents of the Dome Fuji deep ice core, Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., 57, 1–24, 2003.
White, J. W. C., Barlow, L. K., Fisher, D., Grootes, P., Jouzel, J., Johnsen, S. J., Stuiver, M., and Clausen, H.: The climate signal in the stable isotopes of snow from Summit, Greenland: Results of comparisons with modern climate observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 102, 26425–26439, 1997.
Short summary
We find that argon/nitrogen ratios of trapped air in the GISP2 ice core on “gas ages” are significantly negatively correlated with accumulation rate changes over the past 6000 years. Lines of evidence indicate that changes in overloading pressure at bubble closeoff depths induced the gas fractionation in closed bubbles. Further understanding of the fractionation processes may lead to a new proxy for the past temperature and accumulation rate.
We find that argon/nitrogen ratios of trapped air in the GISP2 ice core on “gas ages” are...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint