Stratospheric geoengineering impacts on El Niño/Southern Oscillation

Gabriel, C. J.; Robock, A.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-11949-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 20

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11949-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP):...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11949-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 20

Research article

|

27 Oct 2015

Research article |

| 27 Oct 2015

Stratospheric geoengineering impacts on El Niño/Southern Oscillation

C. J. Gabriel and A. Robock

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Total article views: 4,912 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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HTML: 3,308
PDF: 1,408
XML: 196
Total: 4,912
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Views and downloads (calculated since 27 Mar 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
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May 2015	26	22	4	52
Jun 2015	16	27	2	45
Jul 2015	23	27	1	51
Aug 2015	16	13	4	33
Sep 2015	20	19	20	59
Oct 2015	170	54	5	229
Nov 2015	131	78	8	217
Dec 2015	55	23	4	82
Jan 2016	58	20	2	80
Feb 2016	48	14	1	63
Mar 2016	34	20	1	55
Apr 2016	30	8	1	39
May 2016	14	3	1	18
Jun 2016	17	1	1	19
Jul 2016	13	1	4	18
Aug 2016	13	6	2	21
Sep 2016	25	9	0	34
Oct 2016	30	5	0	35
Nov 2016	13	2	2	17
Dec 2016	6	3	2	11
Jan 2017	27	5	4	36
Feb 2017	16	4	2	22
Mar 2017	36	8	3	47
Apr 2017	33	9	3	45
May 2017	26	8	2	36
Jun 2017	39	4	4	47
Jul 2017	24	9	0	33
Aug 2017	29	10	0	39
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Nov 2019	5	6	1	12
Dec 2019	4	2	0	6
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Oct 2021	11	29	1	41
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Jan 2022	18	15	0	33
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Jun 2022	12	2	0	14
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Jan 2023	18	8	0	26
Feb 2023	28	9	0	37
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Apr 2023	6	6	0	12
May 2023	39	12	0	51
Jun 2023	31	8	1	40
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Jan 2024	55	14	0	69
Feb 2024	38	8	0	46
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Apr 2024	45	8	3	56
May 2024	25	11	7	43
Jun 2024	26	12	2	40
Jul 2024	46	36	3	85
Aug 2024	48	10	2	60
Sep 2024	23	9	0	32
Oct 2024	29	6	2	37
Nov 2024	13	8	2	23
Dec 2024	38	9	4	51
Jan 2025	68	10	0	78
Feb 2025	77	19	3	99
Mar 2025	28	11	0	39
Apr 2025	26	15	0	41
May 2025	42	4	2	48
Jun 2025	46	8	4	58
Jul 2025	29	26	3	58
Aug 2025	33	16	0	49
Sep 2025	34	15	2	51
Oct 2025	37	23	1	61
Nov 2025	22	31	1	54

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 27 Mar 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2015	118	47	5	170
Apr 2015	143	63	3	209
May 2015	26	22	4	52
Jun 2015	16	27	2	45
Jul 2015	23	27	1	51
Aug 2015	16	13	4	33
Sep 2015	20	19	20	59
Oct 2015	170	54	5	229
Nov 2015	131	78	8	217
Dec 2015	55	23	4	82
Jan 2016	58	20	2	80
Feb 2016	48	14	1	63
Mar 2016	34	20	1	55
Apr 2016	30	8	1	39
May 2016	14	3	1	18
Jun 2016	17	1	1	19
Jul 2016	13	1	4	18
Aug 2016	13	6	2	21
Sep 2016	25	9	0	34
Oct 2016	30	5	0	35
Nov 2016	13	2	2	17
Dec 2016	6	3	2	11
Jan 2017	27	5	4	36
Feb 2017	16	4	2	22
Mar 2017	36	8	3	47
Apr 2017	33	9	3	45
May 2017	26	8	2	36
Jun 2017	39	4	4	47
Jul 2017	24	9	0	33
Aug 2017	29	10	0	39
Sep 2017	19	16	2	37
Oct 2017	16	8	0	24
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Jan 2022	18	15	0	33
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Dec 2022	24	10	0	34
Jan 2023	18	8	0	26
Feb 2023	28	9	0	37
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Apr 2023	6	6	0	12
May 2023	39	12	0	51
Jun 2023	31	8	1	40
Jul 2023	47	6	2	55
Aug 2023	48	5	2	55
Sep 2023	44	6	2	52
Oct 2023	46	10	3	59
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Jan 2024	55	14	0	69
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May 2024	25	11	7	43
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Jul 2024	46	36	3	85
Aug 2024	48	10	2	60
Sep 2024	23	9	0	32
Oct 2024	29	6	2	37
Nov 2024	13	8	2	23
Dec 2024	38	9	4	51
Jan 2025	68	10	0	78
Feb 2025	77	19	3	99
Mar 2025	28	11	0	39
Apr 2025	26	15	0	41
May 2025	42	4	2	48
Jun 2025	46	8	4	58
Jul 2025	29	26	3	58
Aug 2025	33	16	0	49
Sep 2025	34	15	2	51
Oct 2025	37	23	1	61
Nov 2025	22	31	1	54

Latest update: 18 Nov 2025

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Short summary

This is a first look at how the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) might change under a regime of stratospheric geoengineering (GE). We find neither ENSO event frequency nor ENSO event amplitude will be different under various GE experiments than they would under unabated global warming. We additionally find substantial disagreement between models in depicting ENSO amplitude and frequency. Additionally, output from several GCMs is excluded from comparison due to unrealistic ENSO variability.