Quantitative assessment of atmospheric emissions of toxic heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in China: historical trend, spatial distribution, uncertainties, and control policies

Tian, H. Z.; Zhu, C. Y.; Gao, J. J.; Cheng, K.; Hao, J. M.; Wang, K.; Hua, S. B.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, J. R.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-10127-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 17

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10127-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

East Asia emissions assessment (EA2)

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10127-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 17

Research article

|

09 Sep 2015

Research article |

| 09 Sep 2015

Quantitative assessment of atmospheric emissions of toxic heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in China: historical trend, spatial distribution, uncertainties, and control policies

H. Z. Tian, C. Y. Zhu, J. J. Gao, K. Cheng, J. M. Hao, K. Wang, S. B. Hua, Y. Wang, and J. R. Zhou

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Total article views: 11,567 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	Supplement	BibTeX	EndNote
6,432	4,764	371	11,567	1,695	147	283

HTML: 6,432
PDF: 4,764
XML: 371
Total: 11,567
Supplement: 1,695
BibTeX: 147
EndNote: 283

Views and downloads (calculated since 22 Apr 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2015	52	68	18	138
May 2015	19	29	2	50
Jun 2015	17	26	6	49
Jul 2015	19	16	2	37
Aug 2015	9	12	3	24
Sep 2015	139	211	24	374
Oct 2015	82	78	11	171
Nov 2015	48	76	5	129
Dec 2015	34	72	4	110
Jan 2016	54	66	2	122
Feb 2016	34	58	3	95
Mar 2016	43	72	3	118
Apr 2016	11	38	0	49
May 2016	31	46	4	81
Jun 2016	25	40	7	72
Jul 2016	17	37	2	56
Aug 2016	14	28	1	43
Sep 2016	13	15	0	28
Oct 2016	17	27	1	45
Nov 2016	24	17	1	42
Dec 2016	13	31	0	44
Jan 2017	19	20	1	40
Feb 2017	20	26	1	47
Mar 2017	34	66	7	107
Apr 2017	29	57	0	86
May 2017	42	50	4	96
Jun 2017	42	17	2	61
Jul 2017	32	20	0	52
Aug 2017	21	34	17	72
Sep 2017	14	33	4	51
Oct 2017	26	44	2	72
Nov 2017	22	40	7	69
Dec 2017	19	38	1	58
Jan 2018	12	19	2	33
Feb 2018	18	26	8	52
Mar 2018	39	42	5	86
Apr 2018	29	39	4	72
May 2018	37	49	2	88
Jun 2018	32	42	2	76
Jul 2018	13	30	1	44
Aug 2018	34	35	0	69
Sep 2018	29	34	5	68
Oct 2018	38	34	1	73
Nov 2018	25	52	3	80
Dec 2018	17	36	3	56
Jan 2019	22	30	0	52
Feb 2019	9	30	2	41
Mar 2019	29	38	0	67
Apr 2019	24	48	2	74
May 2019	32	39	2	73
Jun 2019	11	31	2	44
Jul 2019	22	31	2	55
Aug 2019	19	25	2	46
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Jan 2020	19	17	1	37
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Mar 2020	7	19	0	26
Apr 2020	20	20	0	40
May 2020	20	18	2	40
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Jul 2020	29	23	8	60
Aug 2020	14	14	3	31
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Oct 2020	27	15	1	43
Nov 2020	19	15	2	36
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Jan 2021	29	31	0	60
Feb 2021	24	19	0	43
Mar 2021	39	23	3	65
Apr 2021	44	30	2	76
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Mar 2022	84	42	7	133
Apr 2022	77	43	4	124
May 2022	50	26	7	83
Jun 2022	42	30	2	74
Jul 2022	49	24	1	74
Aug 2022	53	29	1	83
Sep 2022	62	20	3	85
Oct 2022	58	36	4	98
Nov 2022	65	29	6	100
Dec 2022	48	25	2	75
Jan 2023	56	27	3	86
Feb 2023	74	47	4	125
Mar 2023	106	61	4	171
Apr 2023	72	57	5	134
May 2023	97	49	4	150
Jun 2023	84	30	1	115
Jul 2023	92	48	4	144
Aug 2023	82	50	7	139
Sep 2023	93	53	6	152
Oct 2023	94	53	6	153
Nov 2023	69	21	5	95
Dec 2023	101	43	3	147
Jan 2024	103	37	3	143
Feb 2024	102	59	2	163
Mar 2024	136	59	3	198
Apr 2024	108	54	3	165
May 2024	105	56	4	165
Jun 2024	105	31	2	138
Jul 2024	80	42	8	130
Aug 2024	82	28	1	111
Sep 2024	82	24	0	106
Oct 2024	108	30	2	140
Nov 2024	85	30	2	117
Dec 2024	96	29	2	127
Jan 2025	93	47	2	142
Feb 2025	97	39	2	138
Mar 2025	99	31	1	131
Apr 2025	121	33	0	154
May 2025	129	35	0	164
Jun 2025	142	29	0	171
Jul 2025	132	42	0	174
Aug 2025	117	32	3	152
Sep 2025	103	44	1	148
Oct 2025	105	64	0	169
Nov 2025	94	64	5	163

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 22 Apr 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Apr 2015	52	68	18	138
May 2015	19	29	2	50
Jun 2015	17	26	6	49
Jul 2015	19	16	2	37
Aug 2015	9	12	3	24
Sep 2015	139	211	24	374
Oct 2015	82	78	11	171
Nov 2015	48	76	5	129
Dec 2015	34	72	4	110
Jan 2016	54	66	2	122
Feb 2016	34	58	3	95
Mar 2016	43	72	3	118
Apr 2016	11	38	0	49
May 2016	31	46	4	81
Jun 2016	25	40	7	72
Jul 2016	17	37	2	56
Aug 2016	14	28	1	43
Sep 2016	13	15	0	28
Oct 2016	17	27	1	45
Nov 2016	24	17	1	42
Dec 2016	13	31	0	44
Jan 2017	19	20	1	40
Feb 2017	20	26	1	47
Mar 2017	34	66	7	107
Apr 2017	29	57	0	86
May 2017	42	50	4	96
Jun 2017	42	17	2	61
Jul 2017	32	20	0	52
Aug 2017	21	34	17	72
Sep 2017	14	33	4	51
Oct 2017	26	44	2	72
Nov 2017	22	40	7	69
Dec 2017	19	38	1	58
Jan 2018	12	19	2	33
Feb 2018	18	26	8	52
Mar 2018	39	42	5	86
Apr 2018	29	39	4	72
May 2018	37	49	2	88
Jun 2018	32	42	2	76
Jul 2018	13	30	1	44
Aug 2018	34	35	0	69
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Oct 2018	38	34	1	73
Nov 2018	25	52	3	80
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Jan 2019	22	30	0	52
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Apr 2019	24	48	2	74
May 2019	32	39	2	73
Jun 2019	11	31	2	44
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Aug 2019	19	25	2	46
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Nov 2021	41	54	1	96
Dec 2021	53	40	1	94
Jan 2022	49	25	1	75
Feb 2022	51	42	4	97
Mar 2022	84	42	7	133
Apr 2022	77	43	4	124
May 2022	50	26	7	83
Jun 2022	42	30	2	74
Jul 2022	49	24	1	74
Aug 2022	53	29	1	83
Sep 2022	62	20	3	85
Oct 2022	58	36	4	98
Nov 2022	65	29	6	100
Dec 2022	48	25	2	75
Jan 2023	56	27	3	86
Feb 2023	74	47	4	125
Mar 2023	106	61	4	171
Apr 2023	72	57	5	134
May 2023	97	49	4	150
Jun 2023	84	30	1	115
Jul 2023	92	48	4	144
Aug 2023	82	50	7	139
Sep 2023	93	53	6	152
Oct 2023	94	53	6	153
Nov 2023	69	21	5	95
Dec 2023	101	43	3	147
Jan 2024	103	37	3	143
Feb 2024	102	59	2	163
Mar 2024	136	59	3	198
Apr 2024	108	54	3	165
May 2024	105	56	4	165
Jun 2024	105	31	2	138
Jul 2024	80	42	8	130
Aug 2024	82	28	1	111
Sep 2024	82	24	0	106
Oct 2024	108	30	2	140
Nov 2024	85	30	2	117
Dec 2024	96	29	2	127
Jan 2025	93	47	2	142
Feb 2025	97	39	2	138
Mar 2025	99	31	1	131
Apr 2025	121	33	0	154
May 2025	129	35	0	164
Jun 2025	142	29	0	171
Jul 2025	132	42	0	174
Aug 2025	117	32	3	152
Sep 2025	103	44	1	148
Oct 2025	105	64	0	169
Nov 2025	94	64	5	163

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Short summary

For the first time, with S-shaped curves, the best available representation of time-varying emission factors of 12 heavy metals (Hg, As, Se, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, Mn, Co, Cu and Zn) from primary anthropogenic sources of China are determined on account of economic transitions and pollution control technology improvement. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of these heavy metals emissions during the period of 1949−2012 are calculated and evaluated with uncertainty analysis.