Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 13
Articles | Volume 26, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9493-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-9493-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 13
Research article
 | 
07 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 07 Jul 2026

The changing sensitivity of wintertime particulate nitrate to precursor emissions diagnosed via GEOS-Chem and satellite observations of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide over the Midwestern United States

Toan Vo and Amy E. Christiansen

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Short summary
To control wintertime fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the agricultural Midwestern United States, it is critical to understand the formation of particulate nitrate, the major inorganic component of PM2.5 during winter. Our study finds that the formation of wintertime particulate nitrate is becoming increasingly driven by nitrogen oxide emissions from 2007 to 2023. Thus, controlling nitrogen oxide emissions in winter is chemically effective for reducing PM2.5 burden.
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