Articles | Volume 26, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5249-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5249-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Evaluation of stratospheric transport in three generations of Chemistry-Climate Models
Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Thomas Birner
Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
Andreas Chrysanthou
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Institute of Geosciences, Spanish National Research Council (IGEO-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
Sean Davis
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
Alvaro de la Cámara
Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Sandip Dhomse
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Hella Garny
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Michaela I. Hegglin
Institute of Climate and Energy Systems – Stratosphere (ICE-4), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
Daan Hubert
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Oksana Ivaniha
Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
James Keeble
Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Marianna Linz
Reflective, Emeriville, CA, USA
Daniele Minganti
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Jessica Neu
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
David Plummer
Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, Canada
Laura Saunders
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Kasturi Shah
Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Gabriele Stiller
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Trace Gases and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe, Germany
Kleareti Tourpali
Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Darryn Waugh
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Nathan Luke Abraham
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Leeds, UK
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Hideharu Akiyoshi
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Martyn P. Chipperfield
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Patrick Jöckel
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Béatrice Josse
Météo-France, CNRS, Univ. Toulouse, CNRM, Toulouse, France
Marion Marchand
LATMOS, Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS/UVSQ, Paris, France
Patrick Martineau
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan
Olaf Morgenstern
National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Te Whanganui-a-Tara / Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Ōtautahi / Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand
now at: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany
Timofei Sukhodolov
Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland
Shingo Watanabe
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan
Advanced Institute for Marine Ecosystem Change (WPI-AIMEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Yousuke Yamashita
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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Editorial statement
Correct simulation of stratospheric transport in Chemistry-Climate Models is a key requirement for their usefulness for future climate prediction. This study reports a comprehensive intercomparison of the simulation of the recent history of stratospheric transport in three generations of Chemistry-Climate Models, validating them against state-of-the-art observational datasets, clearly identifying major biases and discussing potential causes and impacts. The biases persist over model generations and, by some measures, increase for the most recent generation. These results have important implications for the climate science community, including model builders and those seeking to strengthen the underpinning science through process studies and new observations.
Correct simulation of stratospheric transport in Chemistry-Climate Models is a key requirement...
Short summary
Accurate representation of stratospheric transport in Chemistry-Climate Models is essential for reliable climate projections. This study evaluates three generations of models using observational data and reanalyses, identifying persistent biases and their potential causes. Some biases persist or even worsen in newer models. These findings highlight key limitations and inform efforts to improve models and advance understanding through process-based studies and enhanced observations.
Accurate representation of stratospheric transport in Chemistry-Climate Models is essential for...
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